Gomer
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Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary
GOMER.1. One of the sons of Japheth and the father of Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah (Gen_10:2 f., 1Ch_1:5 f.), who along with Togarmah is included by Ezekiel in the army of Gog (Eze_38:6). Gomer represents the people termed Gimirrâ by the Assyrians, and Cimmerians by the Greeks. Their original home appears to have been north of the Euxine, but by the 7th cent. b.c. they had completely conquered Cappadocia and settled there.
2. Daughter of Diblaim, wife of the prophet Hosea (wh. see).
L. W. King.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
1. Japhet's oldest; son; father of Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah (Gen_10:2-3). A warlike ally of Magog (Scythia) Gog (Eze_38:6), coming from the N. The Cimmerians warred in northwestern Asia from 670 to 570 B.C. Originally dwelling in what is now southern Russia, the Ukraine (the Crimea betrays their name, the Cimmerian Bosphorus); then being dispossessed by the Scythians, they fled across the Caucasus into Armenia and Asia Minor; they warred with Lydia, and burnt the temple of Diana of Ephesus
They are the stock of the Cymry (as the Welsh call themselves; the English gave them the name "Welsh," i.e. foreigners, though originally they occupied the whole of the British isles but were driven back by succeeding invaders to the northwestern extremities, which their two divisions, the Gael of Ireland and Scotland and the Cymry of Wales, occupy), and gave their name to Cumber-land. They once occupied the Cimbrie Chersonese (Denmark). The Galatians were Celts, and so sprung from Gomer.
2. Daughter of Diblaim. Gomer ("completion or ripeness"), namely, of consummate wickedness; daughter of doubled layers of grape-cake (Hos_1:3). One completely given up to sensuality. Hosea in vision (not in external act, which would be revolting to purity)takes by God's command Gomer to wife, though a woman "of whoredoms"; symbolically teaching that out of this world, which whorishly has departed from the Lord, God takes a church to be sanctified by communion with Himself in Christ, as Gomer was sanctified by communion with the prophet, (1Co_7:14). The Savior unites to Himself the unholy, to make it holy. But (See HOSEA.)
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.
Go'mer. (perfect).
1. The eldest son of Japheth, Gen_10:2-3, the progenitor of the early Cimmerians, of the later Cimbri, and the other branches of the Celtic family, and of the modern Gael and Cymri.
2. The wife of Hosea. Hos_1:3.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863
the eldest son of Japheth, by whom a great part of Asia Minor was first peopled, and particularly that extensive tract which was called Phrygia, including the subdivisions of Mysia, Galatia, Bithynia, Lycaonia, &c. The colonies of Gomer extended into Germany, Gaul, (in both of which traces of the name are preserved,) and Britain, which was undoubtedly peopled from Gaul. Among the descendants of the ancient inhabitants of this island, namely, the Welsh, the words Kumero and Kumeraeg, the names of the people and the language, sufficiently point out their origin. In fact, under the names of Cimmerii, Cimbri, Cymrig, Cumbri, Umbri, and Cambri, the tribes of Gomerians extended themselves from the Euxine to the Atlantic, and from Italy to the Baltic; having added to their original names those of Celts, Gauls, Galatae, and Gaels, superadded.
Biblical and Theological Dictionary by Richard Watson
PRINTER 1849.
Go?mer
1. The eldest son of Japhet, son of Noah, whose descendants Bochart supposes to have settled in Phrygia (Gen_10:3; comp. 1Ch_1:5). Most of the interpreters take him to be the ancestor of the Celt?, and more especially of the Cimmerii, who were already known in the time of Homer. To judge from the ancient historians, they had in early limes settled to the north of the Black Sea, and gave their name to the Crimea, the ancient Chersonesus Taurica. But the greater part of them were driven from their territories by the Scythians, when they took refuge in Asia Minor, B.C. 7.
In the Scriptures, however, the people named Gomer imply rather an obscure and but vaguely known nation of the barbarous north.
Josephus says expressly, that the ancestor of the Galatians, a Celtic colony, was called Gomer.
2. The name of the daughter of Diblaim, wife of the prophet Hosea (Hos_1:3).
The Popular Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature
by John Kitto.
Gomer
(Heb. id. גֹּמֶר, vanishing, or perh. heat, i.e., passion; Sept. Γαμέρ and Γομέρ or Γόμερ), the name of a man and of a race descended from him, also of a woman.
1. The eldest son of Japheth (B.C. post 2514), son of Noah, and father of Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah (Gen_10:2), whose descendants seem to have formed a great branch of the south-eastern population of Europe (Gen_10:3; compare 1Ch_1:5). In the Scriptures, however, the people named Gomer (mentioned along with Togarmah in the armies of Magog, Eze_38:6) imply rather an obscure and but vaguely-known nation of the barbarous north (Rosenmüller, Alterth. I, 1:235 sq.). The Jerusalem Targum renders Gen_10:3 by אפריקי, African; Arab. תרךְ, Turk. Bochart (Phaleg, 3:81) identifies the name, on etymological grounds, with Phrygia (from גמר, to consume, and φρυγία, from φρύγειν, to roast); Phrygia being, according to ancient testimony, a χώρα εὐεκπύρωτος, and part of it bearing the name of κατακεκαυμένη, or burnt (Strabo, 13:628; Diod. 3:138). But to this it seems a fatal objection that the Phrygians formed only a branch of the Togarmians (Josephus, Ant. 1:6, 1; Jerome, Quaest. in Gen_10:3), and therefore cannot be regarded as the stem whence the Togarmians themselves sprang. The same objection applies to the suggestion that Gomer is the German race (Talm. Yoma, 10 a); for this comes under Ashkenaz; a branch of Gomer. Wahl (Asien, 1:274) compared Gamir, the ancient name for Cappadocia, and Kalisch (Comm. in Gen.) seeks to identify it with the Chomari, a nation in Bactriana, noticed by Ptolemy (6:11, § 6). Most of the interpreters take Gomer to be the ancestor of the Celtae, and more especially of the Cimmerii, Κιμμἐριοι (Herodotus, 1:6, 5, 103), who were already known in the time of Homer (Odyss. 11:14). To judge from the ancient historians (Herodotus, Strabo, Plutarch, etc.), they had in early times settled to the north of the Black Sea, and gave their name to the Crimea (from the Arab. krim, by transposition from the Heb.), the ancient Chersonesus Taurica, where they left traces of their presence in the ancient names, Cimmerian. posporus, Cimmerian Isthmus, Mount Cimmerium, the district Cimmeria, and particularly the Cimmerian walls (Herod. 4:12, 45, 100; AEsch. Prom. Vinct. 729), and in the modern name Crimea.
They forsook this abode under the pressure of the Scythian tribes, and during the early part of the 7th century B.C. they poured over the western part of Asia Minor, committing immense devastation, and defying for more than half a century the power of the Lydian kings. They were finally expelled by Alyattes, with the exception of a few who settled at Sinope and Antandrus. It was about the same period that Ezekiel noticed them as acting in conjunction with Armenia (Togarmah) and Magog (Scythia). The connection between Gomer and Armenia is supported by the tradition, preserved by Moses of Chorene (1:11), that Gamir was the ancestor of the Haichian kings of the latter country. After the expulsion of the Cimmerians from Asia Minor their name disappears in its original form; but there can be little reasonable doubt that both the name and the people are to be recognized in the Cimbri of the north of Europe, described by the classical writers sometimes as a German, sometimes as a Celtic race. The preponderance of authority is in favor of the latter (Sallust, Jug. 114; Florus, 3:3; Appian, De Reb. Ill. 4; Bell. Civili. 1:29; 4:2; Diodor. 5:32; 14:114; Plutarch, Cam. 15; Mar. 25, 27; Dion. Cass. 44:42; Justin, 24:8; 38:3, 4); and the probability is that the Cimbri were Celtic, and of the same tribe as the Cymry of Britain (Prichard, Eastern Origin of the Celtic Nations, by Latham, page 142; Latham, Germania of Tacitus, Epilegom. page 165 sq.). By the ancients the Cimsnermi and the (Cimbri were held to be one people; the abodes of the latter were fixed durinag the Roman empire in the north and west of Europe, particularly in the Cimbaic Chersonese (Denmark), on the coast between the Elbae and Rhine, and in Belgium, thence they had crossed to Britain, and occupied at one period the whole of the British isles, but were ultimately driven back to the western and northern districts, which their descendants will occupy in two great divisions, the Gael in Ireland and Scotland, the Cymry in Wales. The latter name preserves a greater similarity to the original Gomer than either of the classical forms, the consonants being identical. The link to connect "Cymry" with "Cimbri" is furnished by the forms Cambria and Cumber- land. The whole Celtic race may therefore be regarded as descended from Gomer, and thus the opinion of Josephus (Ant. 1:6, 1), that the Galatians were sprung from him, may be reconciled with the view propounded (Michaelis, Supplem. page 335 sq.). From the place Gomer occupies in the roll of nations in Genesis, it may be presumed that the people descended from his was one of the oldest, and this woaed fall in with the half-mythic character of the Cimmerii as they appear in Homer It is plain also from Eze_38:6 that the race of Gomer was regarded by the Hebrews as living to the far north of Palestine, and this accords exactly with the site assigned to the Cimmerii by Herodotus, wcho places them on the Caucasus, and represents them as skirting the Euxine and coming down on Asia Minor by way of Colchis, and across the river Halys. If the Cimmerii and the Cimbri are identified, and the latter be regarded as a Celtic- speaking people, the statement of Jerome that the Galatme spoke a hamegmeage not greatly differingg from that of the Treveri (Proleg. Lib. 2, ad Ep. ad Galatas) may have an important bearing an the subject of the migrations of the original Gomerian stock. SEE ETHNOLOGY.
2. The name of the daughter of Diblaim, a harlot who became the wife or concubine (according to some, in vision only) of the prophet Hosea (Hos_1:3). B.C. cir. 725.
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary
GOMER.1. One of the sons of Japheth and the father of Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah (Gen_10:2 f., 1Ch_1:5 f.), who along with Togarmah is included by Ezekiel in the army of Gog (Eze_38:6). Gomer represents the people termed Gimirrâ by the Assyrians, and Cimmerians by the Greeks. Their original home appears to have been north of the Euxine, but by the 7th cent. b.c. they had completely conquered Cappadocia and settled there.
2. Daughter of Diblaim, wife of the prophet Hosea (wh. see).
L. W. King.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
1. Japhet's oldest; son; father of Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah (Gen_10:2-3). A warlike ally of Magog (Scythia) Gog (Eze_38:6), coming from the N. The Cimmerians warred in northwestern Asia from 670 to 570 B.C. Originally dwelling in what is now southern Russia, the Ukraine (the Crimea betrays their name, the Cimmerian Bosphorus); then being dispossessed by the Scythians, they fled across the Caucasus into Armenia and Asia Minor; they warred with Lydia, and burnt the temple of Diana of Ephesus
They are the stock of the Cymry (as the Welsh call themselves; the English gave them the name "Welsh," i.e. foreigners, though originally they occupied the whole of the British isles but were driven back by succeeding invaders to the northwestern extremities, which their two divisions, the Gael of Ireland and Scotland and the Cymry of Wales, occupy), and gave their name to Cumber-land. They once occupied the Cimbrie Chersonese (Denmark). The Galatians were Celts, and so sprung from Gomer.
2. Daughter of Diblaim. Gomer ("completion or ripeness"), namely, of consummate wickedness; daughter of doubled layers of grape-cake (Hos_1:3). One completely given up to sensuality. Hosea in vision (not in external act, which would be revolting to purity)takes by God's command Gomer to wife, though a woman "of whoredoms"; symbolically teaching that out of this world, which whorishly has departed from the Lord, God takes a church to be sanctified by communion with Himself in Christ, as Gomer was sanctified by communion with the prophet, (1Co_7:14). The Savior unites to Himself the unholy, to make it holy. But (See HOSEA.)
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.
Go'mer. (perfect).
1. The eldest son of Japheth, Gen_10:2-3, the progenitor of the early Cimmerians, of the later Cimbri, and the other branches of the Celtic family, and of the modern Gael and Cymri.
2. The wife of Hosea. Hos_1:3.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863
the eldest son of Japheth, by whom a great part of Asia Minor was first peopled, and particularly that extensive tract which was called Phrygia, including the subdivisions of Mysia, Galatia, Bithynia, Lycaonia, &c. The colonies of Gomer extended into Germany, Gaul, (in both of which traces of the name are preserved,) and Britain, which was undoubtedly peopled from Gaul. Among the descendants of the ancient inhabitants of this island, namely, the Welsh, the words Kumero and Kumeraeg, the names of the people and the language, sufficiently point out their origin. In fact, under the names of Cimmerii, Cimbri, Cymrig, Cumbri, Umbri, and Cambri, the tribes of Gomerians extended themselves from the Euxine to the Atlantic, and from Italy to the Baltic; having added to their original names those of Celts, Gauls, Galatae, and Gaels, superadded.
Biblical and Theological Dictionary by Richard Watson
PRINTER 1849.
Go?mer
1. The eldest son of Japhet, son of Noah, whose descendants Bochart supposes to have settled in Phrygia (Gen_10:3; comp. 1Ch_1:5). Most of the interpreters take him to be the ancestor of the Celt?, and more especially of the Cimmerii, who were already known in the time of Homer. To judge from the ancient historians, they had in early limes settled to the north of the Black Sea, and gave their name to the Crimea, the ancient Chersonesus Taurica. But the greater part of them were driven from their territories by the Scythians, when they took refuge in Asia Minor, B.C. 7.
In the Scriptures, however, the people named Gomer imply rather an obscure and but vaguely known nation of the barbarous north.
Josephus says expressly, that the ancestor of the Galatians, a Celtic colony, was called Gomer.
2. The name of the daughter of Diblaim, wife of the prophet Hosea (Hos_1:3).
The Popular Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature
by John Kitto.
Gomer
(Heb. id. גֹּמֶר, vanishing, or perh. heat, i.e., passion; Sept. Γαμέρ and Γομέρ or Γόμερ), the name of a man and of a race descended from him, also of a woman.
1. The eldest son of Japheth (B.C. post 2514), son of Noah, and father of Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah (Gen_10:2), whose descendants seem to have formed a great branch of the south-eastern population of Europe (Gen_10:3; compare 1Ch_1:5). In the Scriptures, however, the people named Gomer (mentioned along with Togarmah in the armies of Magog, Eze_38:6) imply rather an obscure and but vaguely-known nation of the barbarous north (Rosenmüller, Alterth. I, 1:235 sq.). The Jerusalem Targum renders Gen_10:3 by אפריקי, African; Arab. תרךְ, Turk. Bochart (Phaleg, 3:81) identifies the name, on etymological grounds, with Phrygia (from גמר, to consume, and φρυγία, from φρύγειν, to roast); Phrygia being, according to ancient testimony, a χώρα εὐεκπύρωτος, and part of it bearing the name of κατακεκαυμένη, or burnt (Strabo, 13:628; Diod. 3:138). But to this it seems a fatal objection that the Phrygians formed only a branch of the Togarmians (Josephus, Ant. 1:6, 1; Jerome, Quaest. in Gen_10:3), and therefore cannot be regarded as the stem whence the Togarmians themselves sprang. The same objection applies to the suggestion that Gomer is the German race (Talm. Yoma, 10 a); for this comes under Ashkenaz; a branch of Gomer. Wahl (Asien, 1:274) compared Gamir, the ancient name for Cappadocia, and Kalisch (Comm. in Gen.) seeks to identify it with the Chomari, a nation in Bactriana, noticed by Ptolemy (6:11, § 6). Most of the interpreters take Gomer to be the ancestor of the Celtae, and more especially of the Cimmerii, Κιμμἐριοι (Herodotus, 1:6, 5, 103), who were already known in the time of Homer (Odyss. 11:14). To judge from the ancient historians (Herodotus, Strabo, Plutarch, etc.), they had in early times settled to the north of the Black Sea, and gave their name to the Crimea (from the Arab. krim, by transposition from the Heb.), the ancient Chersonesus Taurica, where they left traces of their presence in the ancient names, Cimmerian. posporus, Cimmerian Isthmus, Mount Cimmerium, the district Cimmeria, and particularly the Cimmerian walls (Herod. 4:12, 45, 100; AEsch. Prom. Vinct. 729), and in the modern name Crimea.
They forsook this abode under the pressure of the Scythian tribes, and during the early part of the 7th century B.C. they poured over the western part of Asia Minor, committing immense devastation, and defying for more than half a century the power of the Lydian kings. They were finally expelled by Alyattes, with the exception of a few who settled at Sinope and Antandrus. It was about the same period that Ezekiel noticed them as acting in conjunction with Armenia (Togarmah) and Magog (Scythia). The connection between Gomer and Armenia is supported by the tradition, preserved by Moses of Chorene (1:11), that Gamir was the ancestor of the Haichian kings of the latter country. After the expulsion of the Cimmerians from Asia Minor their name disappears in its original form; but there can be little reasonable doubt that both the name and the people are to be recognized in the Cimbri of the north of Europe, described by the classical writers sometimes as a German, sometimes as a Celtic race. The preponderance of authority is in favor of the latter (Sallust, Jug. 114; Florus, 3:3; Appian, De Reb. Ill. 4; Bell. Civili. 1:29; 4:2; Diodor. 5:32; 14:114; Plutarch, Cam. 15; Mar. 25, 27; Dion. Cass. 44:42; Justin, 24:8; 38:3, 4); and the probability is that the Cimbri were Celtic, and of the same tribe as the Cymry of Britain (Prichard, Eastern Origin of the Celtic Nations, by Latham, page 142; Latham, Germania of Tacitus, Epilegom. page 165 sq.). By the ancients the Cimsnermi and the (Cimbri were held to be one people; the abodes of the latter were fixed durinag the Roman empire in the north and west of Europe, particularly in the Cimbaic Chersonese (Denmark), on the coast between the Elbae and Rhine, and in Belgium, thence they had crossed to Britain, and occupied at one period the whole of the British isles, but were ultimately driven back to the western and northern districts, which their descendants will occupy in two great divisions, the Gael in Ireland and Scotland, the Cymry in Wales. The latter name preserves a greater similarity to the original Gomer than either of the classical forms, the consonants being identical. The link to connect "Cymry" with "Cimbri" is furnished by the forms Cambria and Cumber- land. The whole Celtic race may therefore be regarded as descended from Gomer, and thus the opinion of Josephus (Ant. 1:6, 1), that the Galatians were sprung from him, may be reconciled with the view propounded (Michaelis, Supplem. page 335 sq.). From the place Gomer occupies in the roll of nations in Genesis, it may be presumed that the people descended from his was one of the oldest, and this woaed fall in with the half-mythic character of the Cimmerii as they appear in Homer It is plain also from Eze_38:6 that the race of Gomer was regarded by the Hebrews as living to the far north of Palestine, and this accords exactly with the site assigned to the Cimmerii by Herodotus, wcho places them on the Caucasus, and represents them as skirting the Euxine and coming down on Asia Minor by way of Colchis, and across the river Halys. If the Cimmerii and the Cimbri are identified, and the latter be regarded as a Celtic- speaking people, the statement of Jerome that the Galatme spoke a hamegmeage not greatly differingg from that of the Treveri (Proleg. Lib. 2, ad Ep. ad Galatas) may have an important bearing an the subject of the migrations of the original Gomerian stock. SEE ETHNOLOGY.
2. The name of the daughter of Diblaim, a harlot who became the wife or concubine (according to some, in vision only) of the prophet Hosea (Hos_1:3). B.C. cir. 725.
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
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