Grapes

VIEW:37 DATA:01-04-2020
GRAPES.—See Wine and Strong Drink.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909


From very early times grapes were widely grown throughout the Middle East (Gen_9:20; Gen_14:18). Grape growing was well established in Canaan long before the Israelites arrived (Num_13:20; Num_13:24; Deu_6:11). The Israelites in turn carried on grape growing as one of their main agricultural activities (Jdg_9:27; Jdg_14:5; Jdg_21:20; Song of Son_1:14; Son_7:12; Amo_4:9; Amo_5:11; Amo_5:17).
Vineyards
A vineyard was usually a rectangular area planted with rows of grape vines and surrounded by a hedge to keep out animals and thieves. Often it contained a tower where a person could keep watch over the workers (Song of Son_2:15; Isa_5:1-2; Mat_20:1; Mat_21:33). Workers usually pruned the vines in the spring, using specially made pruning hooks (Joe_3:10; Joh_15:2). They harvested the grapes in summer and, in keeping with Israelite harvesting practices, whatever they did not gather at the first picking they left for the poor (Lev_19:10; Deu_24:21; Oba_1:5).
People ate grapes fresh and sometimes dried them to make raisins (Num_6:3; 1Sa_25:18), but most of the grapes they crushed to make wine. They did this by trampling the grapes in a wine press, which was a pit hollowed out of solid rock (Isa_5:2; Isa_16:10; Isa_63:2; Mat_21:33; Rev_14:19-20).
Vines and vineyards provided prophets and teachers with useful illustrations. Old Testament writers likened Israel to God’s vineyard. God took Israel from Egypt and planted it in a good land, doing everything possible for it so that it might bear fruit for him. But Israel failed to produce the fruit that God desired. God therefore ceased to look after it, with the result that enemies plundered and destroyed it (Psa_80:8-13; Isa_5:1-7).
Jesus on occasions used illustrations from the vineyard, mainly to contrast the Jews’ rejection of him with the Gentiles’ acceptance (Mat_20:1-15; Mat_21:28-41). He also used the illustration of the grape vine, to show that if people truly are disciples, they will demonstrate it by the fruits that their union with him produces (Joh_15:1-11).
Wine
Processes of making wine were well known in the ancient world (Gen_9:20-21; Isa_25:6; Jer_48:11). People kept the fermented wine in earthenware pots or goatskin bags, though when goatskin bags became old and brittle they could not stand the pressure of new wine (Jer_13:12; Jer_35:5; Mar_2:22).
Wine was a common drink of the Israelites, in both Old and New Testament times, and was one article of daily food that they offered to God in sacrifice (Exo_29:40; Lev_23:13; Deu_11:14; Deu_18:4; Jdg_19:19; Jer_40:10; Mat_11:19). They considered a good supply of wine, along with other articles of daily food, to be one of God’s blessings (Gen_14:18; Gen_27:28; Deu_7:12-13; Pro_9:1-6; Isa_55:1).
People associated wine with merriment and joy (Psa_104:15; Ecc_9:7; Zec_10:7; Joh_2:1-10), though too much wine could lead to dullness of mind, unfitting behaviour and drunkenness (Pro_31:4-5; Isa_28:7; Hos_4:11; Hab_2:15; 1Pe_4:3; Rev_17:2). Israelite law therefore disallowed wine completely for certain people, such as priests and others who set themselves apart to God for special service (Lev_10:9; Num_6:3; Jer_35:8; Luk_1:15). The possibility of drunkenness brought strong warnings concerning the dangers of wine (Pro_20:1; Pro_23:20; Pro_23:29-35; Rom_13:13; Rom_14:21; Eph_5:18). Drunkenness disqualified a person from a position of leadership among God’s people (Isa_28:1-3; Isa_56:9-12; 1Ti_3:8; Tit_2:3).
Wine had some medicinal value and was used to help heal wounds and illnesses (Pro_31:6; Luk_10:34; 1Ti_5:23). When mixed with spices it could help deaden pain. But when such a mixture was offered to Jesus on the cross, he refused it (Mar_15:23). The wine (vinegar) that he drank shortly after was the common wine of the people, not drugged wine. Jesus’ purpose in asking for it was not to deaden his pain, but to moisten his mouth so that he could announce his final triumphant words loud enough for all to hear (Mar_15:36-37; Joh_19:28-30). (For the significance of wine in the Lord’s Supper see LORD’S SUPPER.)
Bridgeway Bible Dictionary by Don Fleming
PRINTER 1990.


grāps. See VINE.

International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.


Num_13:23 (c) This lovely fruit may be taken as a type of the rich blessings which may be found across the Jordan of spiritual death, in the promised land in which the Christian should live after he has died with CHRIST at Calvary and been raised to walk in newness of life. It represents the precious blessings that fill the life of that one who walks with GOD in constant fellowship with Him, loving CHRIST and obeying the Holy Spirit. This life is the life that is life indeed.

Deu_32:32 (a) The good GOD of Heaven is reminding Israel of the tremendous contrast between the grapes of Eschol and the grapes of Gomorrah. The sweet blessings that come from walking with the Lord, in obedience to His Word, and in loving fellowship with Him, are to be contrasted with the bitter fruits that come from the pleasures of sin which last but for a season. For one hour of pleasure men will barter Heaven and insure to themselves an eternity in hell.

Jdg_8:2 (a) The two princes of the Midianites are compared to the grapes which Ephraim gathered. (See Jdg_7:24-25).

Job_15:33 (b) Eliphaz uses this type to illustrate his thoughts about Job. He is stating that Job is a hypocrite and will never be able to produce good fruit in his life.

Son_2:15 (b) This is typical of the delicate and delightful fruits of a human life such as kindness, love, patience, etc., which may be spoiled and damaged by little habits and ways that are mean and obnoxious.

Isa_5:2 (a) Here, the fruit represents the attributes of Israel and their attitude toward the Lord. They should have loved Him, worshipped Him, walked with Him, glorified Him, and thus have yielded good grapes. Instead, they dishonored Him, hated Him, disobeyed Him, and grieved Him. Their evil actions are compared to wild grapes.

Jer_31:29 (a) GOD is telling us in this way that the life of the father is reflected in the character of the child; the actions of the child are a result of the life and the attitude of the father. (See Eze_18:2).

Oba_1:5. (b) The people of Israel are represented as grapes. The Edomites who dwelled in a high, rocky, inaccessible fort made forays against the Israelites, capturing them on the highways and killing them in the fields. They left none, young or old. The Lord contrasts this with thieves who steal grapes but who will leave some on the vines for the owners of the vineyard. The Edomites were worse than the thieves.

Mat_7:16 (b) We learn from this figure that evil lives cannot produce good fruit for GOD. Those who belong to the Devil are not bearing fruit for the GOD of Heaven. (See also Luk_6:44).

Rev_14:18 (b) This figure represents the people of the earth who are the product of wicked leaders, evil teachers and false faiths.
Wilson's Dictionary of Bible Types
press 1957.





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