Hearth
VIEW:38 DATA:01-04-2020
HEARTH.See House, § 7.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
Hearth. One way of baking much practiced in the East is to place the dough on an iron plate, either laid on or supported on legs, above the vessel sunk in the ground, which forms the oven. The cakes baked "on the hearth", Gen_18:6, were probably baked in the existing Bedouin manner, on hot stones covered with ashes.
The "hearth" of King Jehoiakim's winter palace, Jer_36:23, was possibly a pan or brazier of charcoal. From this, we see that the significance of the Hebrew words translated hearth is not the same as with us.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863
harth: Occurs 7 times in the King James Version: Gen_18:6; Psa_102:3; Isa_30:14; Jer_36:22, Jer_36:23 bis; Zec_12:6; Zec_4:1-14 times in the Revised Version: Lev_6:9; Isa_30:14; Eze_43:15, Eze_43:16 (?altar hearth?); compare also Isa_29:1 the Revised Version margin. It will be noted that the renderings of the two versions agree in only one passage (Isa_30:14).
(1) The hearth in case of a tent was nothing more than a depression in the ground in which fire was kindled for cooking or for warmth. Cakes were baked, after the fashion of Gen_18:6, in the ashes or upon hot stones. In this passage, however, there is nothing in the Hebrew corresponding to the King James Version ?on the hearth.? In the poorer class of houses also the hearth consisted of such a depression, of varying dimensions, in the middle or in one corner of the room. There was no chimney for the smoke, which escaped as it could, or through a latticed opening for the purpose (the ?chimney? of Hos_13:3). While the nature of the hearth is thus clear enough, more or less uncertainty attaches to specific terms used in the Hebrew. In Isa_30:14 the expression means simply ?that which is kindled,? referring to the bed of live coals. From this same verb (yāḳadh, ?be kindled?) are formed the nouns mōḳēdh (Psa_102:3 (Hebrew 4)) and mōḳedhāh (Lev_6:9 (Hebrew 2)) which might, according to their formation, mean either the material kindled or the place where a fire is kindled. Hence, the various renderings, ?firebrand,? ?hearth,? etc. Moreover, in Lev_6:9 (2) The termination -āh of mōḳedhāh may be taken as the pronominal suffix, ?its?; hence, the Revised Version margin ?on its firewood.?
(2) Two other terms have reference to heating in the better class of houses. In Jer_36:22, Jer_36:23 the word ('āḥ) means a ?brazier? of burning coals, with which Jehoiakim's ?winter house? was heated. The same purpose was served by the ?pan (kiyyōr) of fire? of Zec_12:6 the Revised Version (British and American), apparently a wide, shallow vessel otherwise used for cooking (1Sa_2:14, English Versions of the Bible ?pan?), or as a wash basin (compare Exo_30:18; 1Ki_7:38, etc., ?laver?).
(3) Another class of passages is referred to the signification ?altar hearth,? which seems to have been a term applied to the top of the altar of burnt offering. The mōḳedhāh of Lev_6:9 (2), though related by derivation to the words discussed under (1) above, belongs here (compare also Ecclesiasticus 50:12, ?by the hearth of the altar,? παρ ̓ἐσχάρᾳ βωμοῦ, par' eschára bōmoú). Again in Ezekiel's description of the altar of the restored temple (Eze_43:15, Eze_43:16), he designates the top of the altar by a special term (the Revised Version margin, ariel), which is by most understood to mean ?altar hearth? (so the Revised Version (British and American)). With this may be compared the symbolical name given to Jerusalem (Isa_29:1), and variously explained as ?lion (or lioness) of God,? or ?hearth of God.?
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
Hearth
is the representative in the Eng. Version of several Heb. words. אָח, ach (Sept. ἐσχάρα,Vulg. arula), a large pot, like a brazier (Gesenius, Thes. p. 69), a portable furnace in which fire was kept in the king's winter apartment (Jer_36:22-23). At the present day the Orientals sometimes make use of such stoves instead of fireplaces for warming rooms; they are called in Persian and Turkish tannur. They have the form of a large pitcher, and are placed in a cavity sunk in the middle of the apartment. When the fire has done burning, a frame like a table is placed over the pot, and the whole is then covered with a carpet; and those who wish to warm themselves sit upon the floor, and thrust their feet and legs, and even the lower part of their bodies, under the carpet. כַּיּוֹר, kiyôr', a fire-pan or small basin for holding fire (Zec_12:6; elsewhere for roasting in, 1Sa_2:14; or generally for washing, laver, Exo_30:18, etc.). מוֹקֵד, moked', a burning (as rendered in Isa_23:14), hence a Jigot as fuel (hearth, Psa_102:4); and from the same root יָקוּד, yakûd' (literally kindled), a burning mass upon a hearth (Isa_30:14). The Heb. word עֻגּוּת, uggoth'; Sept. ἐγκρυφίαι, refers to cakes baked in the ashes (Gen_18:6).' These cakes serve in the East at the present day for ordinary food, especially upon journeys and in haste. By the hearth we are to understand, according to the present usage in the East, that a fire is made in the middle of the room, and, when the bread is ready for baking, a corner of the hearth is swept, the bread is laid upon it, and covered with ashes and embers; in a quarter of an hour they turn it. Sometimes they use convex plates of iron (Arabic tajen, whence the Gr. τήγανον), which are most common in Persia and among the nomadic tribes, as being the easiest way of baking and done with the least expense, for the bread is extremely thin and soon prepared. See BREAD. This iron plate is either laid on, or supported on legs above the vessel sunk in the ground, which forms the oven. SEE OVEN. (Burckhardt, Notes on Bed. 1, 58; P. della Valle, Viaggi, 1, 436; Harmer, Obs. 1, 477, and note; Rauwolff, Travels, ap. Ray, 2, 163; Shaw, Travels, p. 231; Niebuhr, Descr. de l'Arabie, p. 45; Schleusner, Lex. Vet. Test. s.v. τήγανον; Gesenius, s.v. עֻגָּה p. 997). SEE FIRE.
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
Hearth. One way of baking much practiced in the East is to place the dough on an iron plate, either laid on or supported on legs, above the vessel sunk in the ground, which forms the oven. The cakes baked "on the hearth", Gen_18:6, were probably baked in the existing Bedouin manner, on hot stones covered with ashes.
The "hearth" of King Jehoiakim's winter palace, Jer_36:23, was possibly a pan or brazier of charcoal. From this, we see that the significance of the Hebrew words translated hearth is not the same as with us.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863
harth: Occurs 7 times in the King James Version: Gen_18:6; Psa_102:3; Isa_30:14; Jer_36:22, Jer_36:23 bis; Zec_12:6; Zec_4:1-14 times in the Revised Version: Lev_6:9; Isa_30:14; Eze_43:15, Eze_43:16 (?altar hearth?); compare also Isa_29:1 the Revised Version margin. It will be noted that the renderings of the two versions agree in only one passage (Isa_30:14).
(1) The hearth in case of a tent was nothing more than a depression in the ground in which fire was kindled for cooking or for warmth. Cakes were baked, after the fashion of Gen_18:6, in the ashes or upon hot stones. In this passage, however, there is nothing in the Hebrew corresponding to the King James Version ?on the hearth.? In the poorer class of houses also the hearth consisted of such a depression, of varying dimensions, in the middle or in one corner of the room. There was no chimney for the smoke, which escaped as it could, or through a latticed opening for the purpose (the ?chimney? of Hos_13:3). While the nature of the hearth is thus clear enough, more or less uncertainty attaches to specific terms used in the Hebrew. In Isa_30:14 the expression means simply ?that which is kindled,? referring to the bed of live coals. From this same verb (yāḳadh, ?be kindled?) are formed the nouns mōḳēdh (Psa_102:3 (Hebrew 4)) and mōḳedhāh (Lev_6:9 (Hebrew 2)) which might, according to their formation, mean either the material kindled or the place where a fire is kindled. Hence, the various renderings, ?firebrand,? ?hearth,? etc. Moreover, in Lev_6:9 (2) The termination -āh of mōḳedhāh may be taken as the pronominal suffix, ?its?; hence, the Revised Version margin ?on its firewood.?
(2) Two other terms have reference to heating in the better class of houses. In Jer_36:22, Jer_36:23 the word ('āḥ) means a ?brazier? of burning coals, with which Jehoiakim's ?winter house? was heated. The same purpose was served by the ?pan (kiyyōr) of fire? of Zec_12:6 the Revised Version (British and American), apparently a wide, shallow vessel otherwise used for cooking (1Sa_2:14, English Versions of the Bible ?pan?), or as a wash basin (compare Exo_30:18; 1Ki_7:38, etc., ?laver?).
(3) Another class of passages is referred to the signification ?altar hearth,? which seems to have been a term applied to the top of the altar of burnt offering. The mōḳedhāh of Lev_6:9 (2), though related by derivation to the words discussed under (1) above, belongs here (compare also Ecclesiasticus 50:12, ?by the hearth of the altar,? παρ ̓ἐσχάρᾳ βωμοῦ, par' eschára bōmoú). Again in Ezekiel's description of the altar of the restored temple (Eze_43:15, Eze_43:16), he designates the top of the altar by a special term (the Revised Version margin, ariel), which is by most understood to mean ?altar hearth? (so the Revised Version (British and American)). With this may be compared the symbolical name given to Jerusalem (Isa_29:1), and variously explained as ?lion (or lioness) of God,? or ?hearth of God.?
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
Hearth
is the representative in the Eng. Version of several Heb. words. אָח, ach (Sept. ἐσχάρα,Vulg. arula), a large pot, like a brazier (Gesenius, Thes. p. 69), a portable furnace in which fire was kept in the king's winter apartment (Jer_36:22-23). At the present day the Orientals sometimes make use of such stoves instead of fireplaces for warming rooms; they are called in Persian and Turkish tannur. They have the form of a large pitcher, and are placed in a cavity sunk in the middle of the apartment. When the fire has done burning, a frame like a table is placed over the pot, and the whole is then covered with a carpet; and those who wish to warm themselves sit upon the floor, and thrust their feet and legs, and even the lower part of their bodies, under the carpet. כַּיּוֹר, kiyôr', a fire-pan or small basin for holding fire (Zec_12:6; elsewhere for roasting in, 1Sa_2:14; or generally for washing, laver, Exo_30:18, etc.). מוֹקֵד, moked', a burning (as rendered in Isa_23:14), hence a Jigot as fuel (hearth, Psa_102:4); and from the same root יָקוּד, yakûd' (literally kindled), a burning mass upon a hearth (Isa_30:14). The Heb. word עֻגּוּת, uggoth'; Sept. ἐγκρυφίαι, refers to cakes baked in the ashes (Gen_18:6).' These cakes serve in the East at the present day for ordinary food, especially upon journeys and in haste. By the hearth we are to understand, according to the present usage in the East, that a fire is made in the middle of the room, and, when the bread is ready for baking, a corner of the hearth is swept, the bread is laid upon it, and covered with ashes and embers; in a quarter of an hour they turn it. Sometimes they use convex plates of iron (Arabic tajen, whence the Gr. τήγανον), which are most common in Persia and among the nomadic tribes, as being the easiest way of baking and done with the least expense, for the bread is extremely thin and soon prepared. See BREAD. This iron plate is either laid on, or supported on legs above the vessel sunk in the ground, which forms the oven. SEE OVEN. (Burckhardt, Notes on Bed. 1, 58; P. della Valle, Viaggi, 1, 436; Harmer, Obs. 1, 477, and note; Rauwolff, Travels, ap. Ray, 2, 163; Shaw, Travels, p. 231; Niebuhr, Descr. de l'Arabie, p. 45; Schleusner, Lex. Vet. Test. s.v. τήγανον; Gesenius, s.v. עֻגָּה p. 997). SEE FIRE.
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
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