Hedge
VIEW:34 DATA:01-04-2020
HEDGE.(1) mesûkah, a thorn hedge (Isa_5:5). (2) gâdçr or gedçrahprobably a stone wall (Psa_89:40 etc.). (3) phragmos (Gr.), Mat_21:33, Mar_12:1, Luk_14:23a partition of any kind.
E. W. G. Masterman.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
geder and mesukah. It was customary to surround vineyards with a wall of loose stones or mud, often crowned with thorns to keep off wild beasts; so Israel fenced by God (Psa_80:12; Mat_21:33). The haunt of serpents (Ecc_10:8; "whoso breaketh an hedge a serpent shall bite him," i.e., maliciously pulling down his neighbour's hedge wall he brings on himself his own punishment; Deu_19:14; Amo_5:19), and of locusts in cold weather (Nah_3:17), "which camp in the hedges in the cold day (the cold taking away their power of flight), but when the sun ariseth ... fleeaway;" so the Assyrian hosts shall suddenly disappear, not leaving a trace behind.
Maundrell describes the walls round the gardens of Damascus, they are built of great pieces of earth hardened in the sun, placed on one another in two rows, making a cheap, expeditious, and in that dry country a durable wall. Isaiah (Isa_5:5) distinguishes the "hedge" (mesukah) and the "wall" (geder); the prickly tangled "hedge" being an additional fence (Mic_7:4). Pro_15:19, "the way of the slothful is as an hedge of thorns"; it seems to lain as if a hedge of thorns were in his way (Pro_20:4; Pro_22:13; Pro_26:13), whereas all is clear to the willing. The narrow path between the hedges of vineyards is distinct from the "highways" (Luk_14:23; Num_22:24).
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.
Hedge. The Hebrew words, thus rendered, denote simply that which surrounds or encloses, whether it be a stone wall, geder, Pro_24:31; Eze_42:10, or a fence of other materials. The stone walls which surround the sheepfolds of modern Palestine are frequently crowned with sharp thorns.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863
hej:
(1) מסוּכה, meṣūkhāh, ?a thorn hedge,? only in Mic_7:4.; משׂכּה, mesukkāh, ?a hedge? (Isa_5:5); משׂכת חדק, mesukhath ḥādheḳ, ?a hedge of thorns? (Pro_15:19).
(2) גדר, gādhēr, and גּדרה, gedhērāh, translated ?hedges? in the Revised Version (British and American) only in Psa_89:40, elsewhere ?fence.? GEDERAH (which see) in the Revised Version margin is translated ?hedges? (1Ch_4:23).
(3) נעצוּץ, na‛ăcūc, ?thorn-hedges? (Isa_7:19).
(4) φραγμός, phragmós, translated ?hedge? (Mat_21:33; Mar_12:1; Luk_14:23); ?partition? in Eph_2:14, which is its literal meaning. In the Septuagint it is the usual equivalent of the above Hebrew words.
Loose stone walls without mortar are the usual ?fences? around fields in Palestine, and this is what gādher and gedhērāh signify in most passages. Hedges made of cut thorn branches or thorny bushes are very common in the plains and particularly in the Jordan valley.
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
Job_1:10 (b) This figure represents GOD's protection and care for Job, His servant.
Psa_80:12 (b) This is an illustration of the way GOD took care of Israel, and hindered her enemies from overcoming her. He removed His protection later on because of her disobedience and wickedness.
Pro_15:19 (a) The word describes the hateful and hurtful ways of some people who thus injure and harm others. The wicked words, ways and works of the ungodly are as thorns and briers in the lives of those they intend to injure.
Ecc_10:8 (b) By this figure we understand that if one breaks down the fence of the neighbor or in any way trespasses on his neighbor's rights, he will be made to suffer for it.
Isa_5:5 (b) This is a picture of the protective measures taken by GOD to preserve Israel from their enemies when they came to dwell in the promised land. The hedge is the fence that is mentioned in verse 2. When Israel became disobedient and rebelled against GOD's law, He removed every hindrance and His protecting arm, and gave them over to their enemies. (See also Psa_80:12; Psa_89:40; Mat_21:33; Mar_12:1).
Job_3:23 (a) This represents those hindrances which GOD puts around a man to close him in and prevent progress. (See Lam_3:7).
Jer_49:3 (c) We may learn from this that the enemies of GOD will seek hiding places from GOD and from His anger poured out. They find, however, that these places of refuge prove to be places of thorns, briers and hardship. (See Nah_3:17).
Eze_13:5 (a) By this figure we understand that the prophets were not protecting GOD's people as they should by proper teaching, leading and example.
Eze_22:30 (a) This unusual passage teaches us that while GOD gives divine interference in order to protect and guard His people, He also needs godly men who will stand with Him and on His side to prevent the entrance of evil doctrines, evil programs, and evil teachings among the people of GOD.
Hos_2:6 (a) This type reveals that GOD will surround the people with troubles, sorrows, griefs and pains so that they can hardly escape and must be punished.
Luk_14:23 (b) This type represents the difficult places in our cities and villages where it is hard to find people for the Lord, and one is quite apt to have his feelings hurt, and sometimes his body as well, he seeks to reach hearts for CHRIST in the ungodly districts of the city.
Wilson's Dictionary of Bible Types
press 1957.
Hedge
the rendering in the A.V. (besides derivatives from סוּךְor סָכִךְ,. rendered as a verb), 1, of three words from the same root (גָּדִר), which, as well as their Greek equivalent (φραγμός), denotes simply that which surrounds or encloses, whether it be a stone wall ( גֵּדֵרge'der, Pro_24:31; Eze_42:10) or a fence of other materials. גָּדֵר, gader', and גְּדֵרָה, gederah', are used of the hedge of a vineyard (Num_22:24; Psa_89:40; 1Ch_4:23); and the latter is employed to describe the wide walls of stone, or fences of thorn, which served as a shelter for sheep in winter and summer (Num_32:16). The stone walls which surround the sheepfolds of modern Palestine are frequently crowned with sharp thorns (Thomson, Land and Book, 1, 299), a custom at least as ancient as the time of Homer (Od. 14, 10), when a kind of prickly pear (ἄχερδος) was used for that purpose, as well as for the fences of cornfields at a later period (Arist. Eccl. 355). In order to protect the vineyards from the ravages of wild beasts (Psa_80:12), it was customary to surround them with a wall of loose stones or mud (Mat_21:33; Mar_12:1), which was a favorite haunt of serpents (Ecc_10:8), and a retreat for locusts from the cold (Nah_3:17). Such walls are described by Maundrell as surrounding the gardens of Damascus. They are built of great pieces of earth, made in the fashion of brick and hardened in the sun. In their dimensions they are each two yards long and somewhat more than one broad, and half a yard thick. Two rows of these, placed one upon another, make a cheap, expeditious, and, in this dry country, a durable wall (Early Travels in Pal. p. 487). A wall or fence of this kind is clearly distinguished in Isa_5:5 from the tangled hedge, 2, מְשׂוּכָה, mzesukah' 1(מְסוּכָח, Mic_7:4), which was planted as an additional safeguard to the vineyard (comp. Sir_28:24), and was composed of the thorny shrubs with which Palestine abounds. The prickly pear, a species of cactus, so frequently employed for this purpose in the East at present, is believed to be of comparatively modern introduction. The aptness of the comparison of a tangled hedge of thorn to the difficulties which a slothful man conjures up as an excuse for his inactivity will at once be recognized (Pro_15:19; comp. Hos_2:6). The narrow paths between the hedges of the vineyards and gardens, : with a fence on this side and a fence on that side (Num_22:24), are distinguished from the ~ highways, or more frequented tracks, in Luk_14:23 (Hackett, Illustra. of Scripture, p. 166; Trench, On the Parables, p. 193). Smith, s.v.
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
E. W. G. Masterman.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
geder and mesukah. It was customary to surround vineyards with a wall of loose stones or mud, often crowned with thorns to keep off wild beasts; so Israel fenced by God (Psa_80:12; Mat_21:33). The haunt of serpents (Ecc_10:8; "whoso breaketh an hedge a serpent shall bite him," i.e., maliciously pulling down his neighbour's hedge wall he brings on himself his own punishment; Deu_19:14; Amo_5:19), and of locusts in cold weather (Nah_3:17), "which camp in the hedges in the cold day (the cold taking away their power of flight), but when the sun ariseth ... fleeaway;" so the Assyrian hosts shall suddenly disappear, not leaving a trace behind.
Maundrell describes the walls round the gardens of Damascus, they are built of great pieces of earth hardened in the sun, placed on one another in two rows, making a cheap, expeditious, and in that dry country a durable wall. Isaiah (Isa_5:5) distinguishes the "hedge" (mesukah) and the "wall" (geder); the prickly tangled "hedge" being an additional fence (Mic_7:4). Pro_15:19, "the way of the slothful is as an hedge of thorns"; it seems to lain as if a hedge of thorns were in his way (Pro_20:4; Pro_22:13; Pro_26:13), whereas all is clear to the willing. The narrow path between the hedges of vineyards is distinct from the "highways" (Luk_14:23; Num_22:24).
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.
Hedge. The Hebrew words, thus rendered, denote simply that which surrounds or encloses, whether it be a stone wall, geder, Pro_24:31; Eze_42:10, or a fence of other materials. The stone walls which surround the sheepfolds of modern Palestine are frequently crowned with sharp thorns.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863
hej:
(1) מסוּכה, meṣūkhāh, ?a thorn hedge,? only in Mic_7:4.; משׂכּה, mesukkāh, ?a hedge? (Isa_5:5); משׂכת חדק, mesukhath ḥādheḳ, ?a hedge of thorns? (Pro_15:19).
(2) גדר, gādhēr, and גּדרה, gedhērāh, translated ?hedges? in the Revised Version (British and American) only in Psa_89:40, elsewhere ?fence.? GEDERAH (which see) in the Revised Version margin is translated ?hedges? (1Ch_4:23).
(3) נעצוּץ, na‛ăcūc, ?thorn-hedges? (Isa_7:19).
(4) φραγμός, phragmós, translated ?hedge? (Mat_21:33; Mar_12:1; Luk_14:23); ?partition? in Eph_2:14, which is its literal meaning. In the Septuagint it is the usual equivalent of the above Hebrew words.
Loose stone walls without mortar are the usual ?fences? around fields in Palestine, and this is what gādher and gedhērāh signify in most passages. Hedges made of cut thorn branches or thorny bushes are very common in the plains and particularly in the Jordan valley.
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
Job_1:10 (b) This figure represents GOD's protection and care for Job, His servant.
Psa_80:12 (b) This is an illustration of the way GOD took care of Israel, and hindered her enemies from overcoming her. He removed His protection later on because of her disobedience and wickedness.
Pro_15:19 (a) The word describes the hateful and hurtful ways of some people who thus injure and harm others. The wicked words, ways and works of the ungodly are as thorns and briers in the lives of those they intend to injure.
Ecc_10:8 (b) By this figure we understand that if one breaks down the fence of the neighbor or in any way trespasses on his neighbor's rights, he will be made to suffer for it.
Isa_5:5 (b) This is a picture of the protective measures taken by GOD to preserve Israel from their enemies when they came to dwell in the promised land. The hedge is the fence that is mentioned in verse 2. When Israel became disobedient and rebelled against GOD's law, He removed every hindrance and His protecting arm, and gave them over to their enemies. (See also Psa_80:12; Psa_89:40; Mat_21:33; Mar_12:1).
Job_3:23 (a) This represents those hindrances which GOD puts around a man to close him in and prevent progress. (See Lam_3:7).
Jer_49:3 (c) We may learn from this that the enemies of GOD will seek hiding places from GOD and from His anger poured out. They find, however, that these places of refuge prove to be places of thorns, briers and hardship. (See Nah_3:17).
Eze_13:5 (a) By this figure we understand that the prophets were not protecting GOD's people as they should by proper teaching, leading and example.
Eze_22:30 (a) This unusual passage teaches us that while GOD gives divine interference in order to protect and guard His people, He also needs godly men who will stand with Him and on His side to prevent the entrance of evil doctrines, evil programs, and evil teachings among the people of GOD.
Hos_2:6 (a) This type reveals that GOD will surround the people with troubles, sorrows, griefs and pains so that they can hardly escape and must be punished.
Luk_14:23 (b) This type represents the difficult places in our cities and villages where it is hard to find people for the Lord, and one is quite apt to have his feelings hurt, and sometimes his body as well, he seeks to reach hearts for CHRIST in the ungodly districts of the city.
Wilson's Dictionary of Bible Types
press 1957.
Hedge
the rendering in the A.V. (besides derivatives from סוּךְor סָכִךְ,. rendered as a verb), 1, of three words from the same root (גָּדִר), which, as well as their Greek equivalent (φραγμός), denotes simply that which surrounds or encloses, whether it be a stone wall ( גֵּדֵרge'der, Pro_24:31; Eze_42:10) or a fence of other materials. גָּדֵר, gader', and גְּדֵרָה, gederah', are used of the hedge of a vineyard (Num_22:24; Psa_89:40; 1Ch_4:23); and the latter is employed to describe the wide walls of stone, or fences of thorn, which served as a shelter for sheep in winter and summer (Num_32:16). The stone walls which surround the sheepfolds of modern Palestine are frequently crowned with sharp thorns (Thomson, Land and Book, 1, 299), a custom at least as ancient as the time of Homer (Od. 14, 10), when a kind of prickly pear (ἄχερδος) was used for that purpose, as well as for the fences of cornfields at a later period (Arist. Eccl. 355). In order to protect the vineyards from the ravages of wild beasts (Psa_80:12), it was customary to surround them with a wall of loose stones or mud (Mat_21:33; Mar_12:1), which was a favorite haunt of serpents (Ecc_10:8), and a retreat for locusts from the cold (Nah_3:17). Such walls are described by Maundrell as surrounding the gardens of Damascus. They are built of great pieces of earth, made in the fashion of brick and hardened in the sun. In their dimensions they are each two yards long and somewhat more than one broad, and half a yard thick. Two rows of these, placed one upon another, make a cheap, expeditious, and, in this dry country, a durable wall (Early Travels in Pal. p. 487). A wall or fence of this kind is clearly distinguished in Isa_5:5 from the tangled hedge, 2, מְשׂוּכָה, mzesukah' 1(מְסוּכָח, Mic_7:4), which was planted as an additional safeguard to the vineyard (comp. Sir_28:24), and was composed of the thorny shrubs with which Palestine abounds. The prickly pear, a species of cactus, so frequently employed for this purpose in the East at present, is believed to be of comparatively modern introduction. The aptness of the comparison of a tangled hedge of thorn to the difficulties which a slothful man conjures up as an excuse for his inactivity will at once be recognized (Pro_15:19; comp. Hos_2:6). The narrow paths between the hedges of the vineyards and gardens, : with a fence on this side and a fence on that side (Num_22:24), are distinguished from the ~ highways, or more frequented tracks, in Luk_14:23 (Hackett, Illustra. of Scripture, p. 166; Trench, On the Parables, p. 193). Smith, s.v.
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
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