Japheth

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JAPHETH (Heb. Yepheth).—1. One of the sons of Noah. The meaning of the name is quite uncertain. In Gen_9:27 there is a play on the name—‘May God make wide (yapht) for Yepheth [i.e. make room for him], that he may dwell in the tents of Shem.’ The peoples connected with Japheth (Gen_10:1-4) occupy the northern portion of the known world, and include the Madai (Medes) on the E. of Assyria, Javan (Ionians, i.e. Greeks) on the W. coast and islands of Asia Minor, and Tarshish (Tartessus) on the W. coast of Spain. On the two traditions respecting the sons of Noah see Ham. 2. An unknown locality mentioned in Jdt_2:25.
A. H. M’Neile.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909


("enlargement".) From pathah "to extend" (Gen_9:27); Gesenius from yaphah "to be fair," from the fair complexion of James and his descendants. Probably the second son of Noah, from the youngest (Gen_9:24; Gen_10:2; Gen_10:6; Gen_10:21, where the Syriac, the Arabic, and the Vulgate translate as Gesenius "the elder brother of Japheth"; but Septuagint as KJV). If "younger son" in Gen_9:24 is Canaan not Ham, the invariable order of the names represents also the order of their ages," Shem, Ham, and Japheth" Shem's genealogy is put last, being traced from Gen_10:21 onwards uninterruptedly as the line of Messiah. These three are persons, the names of their descendants are ethnic. Written more than 3,000 years ago the genealogical account in Genesis 10 is the oldest and most. trustworthy history of the dispersion of mankind. It states from James came:
(1) Gomer, i.e. the Cymri or Celts;
(2) Magog, the Scythians and Sarmatians (Slavonians);
(3) Madai, the Medes or Aryans;
(4) Javan, the Ionians (Greeks);
(5) Tubal, the Tibareni;
(6) Meshech, the Moschi (these two declined between 1100 and 400 B.C., leaving no literature, so that modern ethnology does not notice them); and
(7) Tiras, the Thracians (Tentons). Moses thus, under the Spirit, anticipates the discoveries of ethnology, which comprises one great family of mankind under five heads:
1, Indo-Persians or Aryans;
2, Celts;
3, Teutons;
4, Graeco-Italians;
5, Slaves.
Moses rightly makes the nations N. and W. of Mesopotamia and Syria Japhetic, comprising seven principal races within the geographical limits known to him. They occupied "the isles of the Gentiles," i.e. all the coast lands in Europe and Asia Minor, and islands of the Mediterranean, whence they spread northwards over Europe and much of Asia, from India and Persia in the E. to the extreme W. of Europe, and now to America and Australia. Gen_9:27, "He (God, Joh_1:14, or Japheth) shall dwell in the tents of Shem." James by expansive energy and enlargement overpasses his own hounds and dwells in the tents of Shem, as the Medo-Persian, Greek, Roman, and modern European and American empires exemplify.
But mainly James dwells in Shem's tents spiritually. Superior in secular enterprise and capacity for rule, yet in spiritual concerns James is inferior to Shem, through whose posterity alone all revelations from heaven have come, culminating in "God manifest in the flesh" (Rom_9:5). James's descendants, as converts to "the Lord God of Shem" (Gen_9:26), dwell in spirit in Shem's tents (Isa_60:3; Isa_60:5). The full consummation of the prophecy will be when Israel, sprung from Shem, shall be spiritual head of the nations, and they shall flock to Jerusalem where Israel's king shall reign (Jer_3:17).
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.


Ja'pheth. (enlargement). One of the three sons of Noah. The descendants of Japheth, occupied the "isles of the Gentiles," Gen_10:5, ? that is, the coast lands of the Mediterranean Sea, in Europe and Asia Minor ? whence, they spread northward over the whole continent of Europe, and a considerable portion of Asia.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863


the son of Noah, who is commonly named the third in order of Noah's sons, was born in the five hundredth year of that patriarch, Gen_5:32; but Moses, Gen_10:21, says expressly he was the oldest of Noah's sons, according to our translation, and those of the Septuagint and Symmachus. Abraham was named the first of Terah's sons, “not from primogeniture, but from preeminence,” as the father of the faithful, and the illustrious ancestor of the Israelites, and of the Jews, whose “seed was Christ,” according to the flesh; with whose history the Old Testament properly commences: “Now these are the generations of Terah,” &c, Gen_11:27; all the preceding parts of Genesis being only introductory to this. By the same analogy, Shem, the second son of Noah, is placed first of his three sons, Gen_5:32, and Japheth, “the eldest,” last. Compare Gen_10:21; Gen_11:20. Thus Isaac is put before Ishmael, though fourteen years younger, 1Ch_1:28. And Solomon, the eldest, is reckoned the last of Bathsheba's children, 1Ch_3:5.
Japheth signifies enlargement; and how wonderfully did Providence enlarge the boundaries of Japheth! His posterity diverged eastward and westward; from the original settlement in Armenia, through the whole extent of Asia, north of the great range of Taurus, distinguished by the general names of Tartary and Siberia, as far as the Eastern Ocean: and in process of time, by an easy passage across Behring's straits, the entire continent of America; and they spread in the opposite direction, throughout the whole of Europe, to the Atlantic Ocean; thus literally encompassing the earth, within the precincts of the northern temperate zone, while the enterprising and warlike genius of this hardy hunter race frequently led them to encroach on the settlements, and to dwell in “the tents of Shem,” whose pastoral occupations rendered them more inactive, peaceable, and unwarlike; as when the Scythians invaded Media, and overran western Asia southwards, as far as Egypt, in the days of Cyaxares; and when the Greeks, and afterward the Romans, subdued the Assyrians, Medes, and Persians, in the east, and the Scythians and Jews in the south, as foretold by the Assyrian Prophet Balaam:
“And ships shall come from the coast of Chittim, And shall afflict the Assyrians, and afflict the Hebrews;
But he [the invader] shall perish himself at last.”
Num_24:24.
And by Moses: “And the Lord shall bring thee [the Jews] into Egypt [or bondage] again with ships,” &c, Deu_28:28. And by Daniel: “For the ships of Chittim shall come against him,” [Antiochus, king of Syria,] Dan_11:30.
In these passages Chittim denotes the southern coasts of Europe, bordering on the Mediterranean Sea, called the “isles of the Gentiles,” Gen_10:5. And, in later times, the Tartars in the east have repeatedly invaded and subdued the Hindoos and Chinese; while the warlike and enterprising genius of the British isles has spread their colonies, their arms, their arts, and their language, and, in some measure, their religion, from the rising to the setting sun.
The sons of Japheth were Gomer, Magog, Madai, Javan, Tubal, Meshech, and Tiras. The Scripture says, that they peopled the isles of the Gentiles, and settled in different countries, each according to his language, family, and people, Gen_10:5. It is supposed that Gomer peopled Galatia, and that from him the Cimmerians, or Cimbrians, and also the Phrygians, derived their origin; that Magog was the father of the Scythians, and Tartars, or Tatars; that Madai was the progenitor of the Medes, though some make him the founder of a people in Macedonia, called Macdi; that from Javan sprung the Ionians and Greeks; that Tubal was the father of the Iberians, and that at least a part of Spain was peopled by him and his descendants; that Meshech was the founder of the Cappadocians, from whom proceeded the Muscovites, or Russians; and that from Tiras the Thracians derived their origin. Japheth was known, by profane authors, under the name of Japetus. The poets make him father of heaven and earth. The Greeks believed that Japheth was the father of their race, and acknowledged nothing more ancient than him.
Biblical and Theological Dictionary by Richard Watson
PRINTER 1849.


Ja?pheth, a son of Noah. In Gen_5:32 he is mentioned third in order; but some think, from Gen_10:21 (comp. Gen_9:23), that he was the eldest of Noah's sons, begotten one hundred years before the flood. In Gen_10:2, sq., he is called the progenitor of the extensive tribes in the west (of Europe) and north (of Asia), of the Armenians, Medes, Greeks, Thracians, etc. The Arabian traditions rank Japheth among the prophets, and enumerate eleven of his sons, the progenitors of as many Asiatic nations. In these traditions he is therefore simply called progenitor of the Turks and Barbarians.
The Popular Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature
by John Kitto.


Japheth
(Heb. Ye'pheth, יֶפֶת, in pause YaIpheth, י פֶת, wide-spreading [comp. Gen_9:27], although some make it signify fair, referring to the light complexion of the Japhethites; Sept. Ι᾿άφεθ; Josephus. Ι᾿αφέθας, Ant. 1:4, 1), one of the three sons of Noah, mentioned last in order (Gen_5:32; Gen_6:10; Gen_7:13; Gen_9:18; Gen_10:1; 1Ch_1:4), although it appears from Gen_10:21 (Gen_9:24) that he was the eldest of Noah's sons, born one hundred years before the flood (Michaelis, Spicil. 2, 66). B.C. 2616. He and his wife were two of the eight persons (1Pe_3:20) preserved in the ark (Gen_7:7). In Gen_10:2 sq. he is called the progenitor of the extensive tribes in the west (of Europe) and north (of Asia)of the Armenians, Medes, Greeks, Thracians, etc. (comp. Syncellus, Chronicles p. 49; Mala, Chronogr. p. 16; see Tuch on Gen_10:27). SEE ETHNOGRAPHY.
De Wette (Kritik, p. 72) justly repudiates the opinion of the Targumim, both Jonathan and Hieros., who make Japheth the progenitor of the African tribes also. The Arabian traditions (D'Herbelot, Biblioth. Orient.) attribute to Japheth wonderful powers (Weil, Biblische Legenden, 8, 46), and enumerate eleven of his sons, the progenitors of as many Asiatic nations, viz. Gin or Dshin (Chinese), Seklah (Slavonians), Manshuge, Gomari, Turk (Turks), Khalage, Khozar, Ros (Russians), Sussan, Gaz, and Torage. In these traditions he is called Aboultierk (Hottinger, Hist. Orient. p. 37). To the seven sons of Japheth mentioned in Gen_10:2 and 1Ch_1:5, the Sept. and Eusebins add an eighth, Elisha, though not found in the text. Some (Buttmann, Mytholog. 1, 222; Bochart, Phal. 3:1; and Hasse, Entdeckung, 2, 131) identify Japheth with the Irenrog of Greek fable, the depository of many ethnographical traditions (see Smith's Dict. of Classic. Biogr. s.v. Japletus), while others, again, connect him with Hereus, mentioned by the ancient historian Sanchoniathon. His act of filial piety, in conjunction with Shem, as related in Gen_9:20-27 (where some understand the clause, “He shall dwell in the tents of Shem,” to refer to God, and not to Japheth), became the occasion of the prophecy of the extension of his posterity (see Iengstenberg's Christology, i, 42). SEE SHEM.

CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.





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