Amethyst
VIEW:46 DATA:01-04-2020
AMETHYST.See Jewels and Precious Stones.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
Hebrew root, "dream"; supposed to cause dreams to those who wore it. Greek, "protecting against drunkenness" Pliny says, because it approaches the color of wine without reaching it. The third jewel in the third row of the breast-plate of judgment. The twelfth of the precious foundation stones of the heavenly Jerusalem's walls (Rev_21:20). A violet, or in the East a deep red, quartz; the eastern is a rare variety of the adamantine spar or corundum; the hardest substance next to the diamond, containing 90 per cent. alumine, with iron and silica. It loses color in the fire, and becomes like a diamond.
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.
Amethyst. (Hebrew, achlamah). A subspecies of quartz of a bluish-violet color. Mention is made of this precious stone, which formed the third in the third row of the high priestly breastplate, in Exo_28:19; Exo_39:12. It occurs also in Rev_21:20.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863
אחלמה , Exo_28:19; and Exo_29:12; and once in the New Testament, Rev_21:20, αμεθυστος.
A transparent gem, of a colour which seems composed of a strong blue and deep red; and, according as either prevails, affords different tinges of purple, sometimes approaching to violet, and sometimes even fading to a rose colour. The stone called amethyst by the ancients was evidently the same with that now generally known by this name; which is far from being the case with regard to some other gems. The oriental is the hardest, scarcest, and most valuable. It was the ninth stone in the pectoral of the high priest, and is mentioned as the twelfth in the foundations of the New Jerusalem.
Biblical and Theological Dictionary by Richard Watson
PRINTER 1849.
am?e-thist. See STONES, PRECIOUS.
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
The word thus translated in the common version is in Hebrew Achlamah and is the name of the precious stone mentioned in Scripture as the ninth in the breastplate of the high-priest (Exo_28:19; Exo_39:12): in the New Testament the precise word amethyst (which is Greek) designates the twelfth stone in the foundations of the New Jerusalem (Rev_21:20).
The transparent gems called amethysts are of a color which seems composed of a strong blue and deep red; and according as either of these prevails, exhibit different tinges of purple, sometimes approaching to violet, and sometimes declining even to a rose color. All the varieties of it are comprehended under two species, the Oriental Amethyst and the Occidental Amethyst. The Oriental amethyst is very scarce, and of great hardness, luster, and beauty. It is in fact a rare variety of the adamantine spar, or corundum. Next to the diamond, it is the hardest substance known. It contains about 90 per cent, of alumine, a little iron, and a little silica. Of this species, emery, used in cutting and polishing glass, etc. is a granular variety. To this species also belongs the sapphire, the most valuable of gems next to the diamond; and of which the Oriental amethyst is merely a violet variety. Like other sapphires, it loses its color in the fire, and comes out with so much of the luster and color of the diamond, that the most experienced jeweler may be deceived by it.
The more common, or Occidental amethyst, is a variety of quartz, or rock crystal, and is found in various forms in many parts of the world, as India, Siberia, Sweden, Germany, Spain; and even in England very beautiful specimens of tolerable hardness have been discovered. This also loses its color in the fire.
Amethysts were much used by the ancients for rings and cameos; and the reason given by Pliny?because they were easily cut?shows that the Occidental species is to be understood. The ancients believed that the amethyst possessed the power of dispelling drunkenness in those who wore or touched it, and hence its Greek name. In like manner, the Rabbins derive its Jewish name from its supposed power of procuring dreams to the wearer.
The Popular Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature
by John Kitto.
Exo_28:19 (c) This beautiful stone may be a type of the royalty and the regal splendor of those who belong to GOD. (See also under "TWELVE STONES" for additional meaning).
Wilson's Dictionary of Bible Types
press 1957.
Amethyst
(אחְלָמָה, achlamah'; Sept. and N.T. ἀμέθυστος, Vulg. amethystus), a precious stone mentioned in Scripture as the ninth in the breastplate of the high-priest (Exo_28:19; Exo_39:12), and the twelfth in the foundations of the New Jerusalem (Rev_21:20). The transparent gems to which this name is applied are of a color which seems composed of a strong blue and deep red, and, according as either of these prevails, exhibit different tinges of purple, sometimes approaching to violet, and sometimes declining even to a rose color. From these differences of color the ancients distinguished five species of the amethyst; modern collections afford at least as many varieties, but they are all comprehended under two species the Oriental amethyst and the Occidental amethyst. These names, however, are given to stones of essentially different natures, which were, no doubt, anciently confounded in the same manner. The Oriental amethyst is very scarce, and of great hardness, lustre, and beauty. It is, in fact, a rare variety of the adamantine spar, or corundum. Next to the diamond, it is the hardest substance known. It contains about 90 per cent. of alumine, a little iron, and a little silica. Of this species emery, used in cutting and polishing glass, etc., is a granular variety. To this species also belongs the sapphire, the most valuable of gems next to the diamond, and of which the Oriental amethyst is merely a violet variety. Like other sapphires, it loses its color in the fire, and comes out with so much of the lustre and color of the diamond that the most experienced jeweller may be deceived by it. The more common, or Occidental amethyst, is a variety of quartz, or rock crystal, and is found in various forms in many parts of the world, as India, Siberia, Sweden, Germany, Spain; and even in England very beautiful specimens of tolerable hardness have been discovered. This also loses its color in the fire (Penny Cyclopoedia, s.v.). Amethysts were much used by the anicients for rings and cameos and the reason given by Pliny, because they were easily cut (Hist. Nat. 37, 9), shows that the Occidental species is to be understood. The ancients believed that the amethyst possessed the power of dispelling drunkenness in those who wore or touched it (Anthol. Gr. 4, 18, Pliny, 37:9; Marbodius, De Gemmis, c. 4) and hence its Greek name (from a privative, and μεθύω, to get drunk," Martini, Excurs. p. 158). In like manner the rabbins derive its Jewish name (from חָלִם, to dream), from its supposed power of procuring dreams to the wearer. (See Bruckmann, Abhandlung von den Edelsteinean; Hill's Theophrastus, notes; Hillier, De gemmus in pector. pontif., Rosenmuller, Mineralogy of the Bible; Braun, De vestitu sacerd. 2, 16; Bellarmin, Urim und Thummim, p. 55; Moore's Anc. Mineralogy, p. 168.) SEE GEM.
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
Hebrew root, "dream"; supposed to cause dreams to those who wore it. Greek, "protecting against drunkenness" Pliny says, because it approaches the color of wine without reaching it. The third jewel in the third row of the breast-plate of judgment. The twelfth of the precious foundation stones of the heavenly Jerusalem's walls (Rev_21:20). A violet, or in the East a deep red, quartz; the eastern is a rare variety of the adamantine spar or corundum; the hardest substance next to the diamond, containing 90 per cent. alumine, with iron and silica. It loses color in the fire, and becomes like a diamond.
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.
Amethyst. (Hebrew, achlamah). A subspecies of quartz of a bluish-violet color. Mention is made of this precious stone, which formed the third in the third row of the high priestly breastplate, in Exo_28:19; Exo_39:12. It occurs also in Rev_21:20.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863
אחלמה , Exo_28:19; and Exo_29:12; and once in the New Testament, Rev_21:20, αμεθυστος.
A transparent gem, of a colour which seems composed of a strong blue and deep red; and, according as either prevails, affords different tinges of purple, sometimes approaching to violet, and sometimes even fading to a rose colour. The stone called amethyst by the ancients was evidently the same with that now generally known by this name; which is far from being the case with regard to some other gems. The oriental is the hardest, scarcest, and most valuable. It was the ninth stone in the pectoral of the high priest, and is mentioned as the twelfth in the foundations of the New Jerusalem.
Biblical and Theological Dictionary by Richard Watson
PRINTER 1849.
am?e-thist. See STONES, PRECIOUS.
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
The word thus translated in the common version is in Hebrew Achlamah and is the name of the precious stone mentioned in Scripture as the ninth in the breastplate of the high-priest (Exo_28:19; Exo_39:12): in the New Testament the precise word amethyst (which is Greek) designates the twelfth stone in the foundations of the New Jerusalem (Rev_21:20).
The transparent gems called amethysts are of a color which seems composed of a strong blue and deep red; and according as either of these prevails, exhibit different tinges of purple, sometimes approaching to violet, and sometimes declining even to a rose color. All the varieties of it are comprehended under two species, the Oriental Amethyst and the Occidental Amethyst. The Oriental amethyst is very scarce, and of great hardness, luster, and beauty. It is in fact a rare variety of the adamantine spar, or corundum. Next to the diamond, it is the hardest substance known. It contains about 90 per cent, of alumine, a little iron, and a little silica. Of this species, emery, used in cutting and polishing glass, etc. is a granular variety. To this species also belongs the sapphire, the most valuable of gems next to the diamond; and of which the Oriental amethyst is merely a violet variety. Like other sapphires, it loses its color in the fire, and comes out with so much of the luster and color of the diamond, that the most experienced jeweler may be deceived by it.
The more common, or Occidental amethyst, is a variety of quartz, or rock crystal, and is found in various forms in many parts of the world, as India, Siberia, Sweden, Germany, Spain; and even in England very beautiful specimens of tolerable hardness have been discovered. This also loses its color in the fire.
Amethysts were much used by the ancients for rings and cameos; and the reason given by Pliny?because they were easily cut?shows that the Occidental species is to be understood. The ancients believed that the amethyst possessed the power of dispelling drunkenness in those who wore or touched it, and hence its Greek name. In like manner, the Rabbins derive its Jewish name from its supposed power of procuring dreams to the wearer.
The Popular Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature
by John Kitto.
Exo_28:19 (c) This beautiful stone may be a type of the royalty and the regal splendor of those who belong to GOD. (See also under "TWELVE STONES" for additional meaning).
Wilson's Dictionary of Bible Types
press 1957.
Amethyst
(אחְלָמָה, achlamah'; Sept. and N.T. ἀμέθυστος, Vulg. amethystus), a precious stone mentioned in Scripture as the ninth in the breastplate of the high-priest (Exo_28:19; Exo_39:12), and the twelfth in the foundations of the New Jerusalem (Rev_21:20). The transparent gems to which this name is applied are of a color which seems composed of a strong blue and deep red, and, according as either of these prevails, exhibit different tinges of purple, sometimes approaching to violet, and sometimes declining even to a rose color. From these differences of color the ancients distinguished five species of the amethyst; modern collections afford at least as many varieties, but they are all comprehended under two species the Oriental amethyst and the Occidental amethyst. These names, however, are given to stones of essentially different natures, which were, no doubt, anciently confounded in the same manner. The Oriental amethyst is very scarce, and of great hardness, lustre, and beauty. It is, in fact, a rare variety of the adamantine spar, or corundum. Next to the diamond, it is the hardest substance known. It contains about 90 per cent. of alumine, a little iron, and a little silica. Of this species emery, used in cutting and polishing glass, etc., is a granular variety. To this species also belongs the sapphire, the most valuable of gems next to the diamond, and of which the Oriental amethyst is merely a violet variety. Like other sapphires, it loses its color in the fire, and comes out with so much of the lustre and color of the diamond that the most experienced jeweller may be deceived by it. The more common, or Occidental amethyst, is a variety of quartz, or rock crystal, and is found in various forms in many parts of the world, as India, Siberia, Sweden, Germany, Spain; and even in England very beautiful specimens of tolerable hardness have been discovered. This also loses its color in the fire (Penny Cyclopoedia, s.v.). Amethysts were much used by the anicients for rings and cameos and the reason given by Pliny, because they were easily cut (Hist. Nat. 37, 9), shows that the Occidental species is to be understood. The ancients believed that the amethyst possessed the power of dispelling drunkenness in those who wore or touched it (Anthol. Gr. 4, 18, Pliny, 37:9; Marbodius, De Gemmis, c. 4) and hence its Greek name (from a privative, and μεθύω, to get drunk," Martini, Excurs. p. 158). In like manner the rabbins derive its Jewish name (from חָלִם, to dream), from its supposed power of procuring dreams to the wearer. (See Bruckmann, Abhandlung von den Edelsteinean; Hill's Theophrastus, notes; Hillier, De gemmus in pector. pontif., Rosenmuller, Mineralogy of the Bible; Braun, De vestitu sacerd. 2, 16; Bellarmin, Urim und Thummim, p. 55; Moore's Anc. Mineralogy, p. 168.) SEE GEM.
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
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