Joash
VIEW:48 DATA:01-04-2020
who despairs or burns
Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary
JOASH.1. See Jehoash. 2. The father of Gideon (Jdg_6:11 etc.). 3. A son of Ahab (1Ki_22:26). 4. A son of Shelah (1Ch_4:22). 5. A Benjamite (1Ch_12:3). 6. A son of Becher (1Ch_7:8). 7. A servant of David (1Ch_27:28).
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
("Jehovah gifted".)
1. Gideon's father, an Abiezrite of wealth. (See GIDEON.) During the Midianite oppression he conformed to the popular idolatry, and had an altar to Baal and a "grove," i.e. Asherah, in his own ground. But on his son's destroying both Joash defended his son with a sarcastic sneer at Baal's impotence to "plead for himself" (Jdg_6:11-25; Jdg_6:29-31; Jdg_7:14; Jdg_8:13; Jdg_8:29; Jdg_8:32).
2. 1Ch_4:22. Ruled anciently in Moab.
3. 1Ch_7:8.
4. 1Ch_12:1-3; 1Ch_12:21. One of David's "helpers in the battle ... against the band (giduwd, the same word as in Samuel is used of the Amalekite spoiling 'troop' or company) of the rovers," i.e. the Amalekites who spoiled Ziklag in David's absence (1Sa_30:1-10; 1Sa_30:15).
5. 1Ch_27:28.
6. Ahab's son, viceroy in his absence at Ramoth Gilead (1Ki_22:26; 2Ch_18:25), or else left with the governor of the city, Amon, for military education.
7. The only son of Ahaziah king of Judah that escaped Athaliah's murderous hand, and the only surviving descendant of Solomon, for his grandfather Jehoram had killed all his brethren (2Ch_21:4; 2Ch_21:17; 2Ch_22:1; 2Ch_22:8-11), and all his own sons except Jehoahaz or Ahaziah the Arabians had slain; and on Ahaziah's destruction by Jehu Athaliah his mother (the instigator of sin becoming the instrument of punishment, compare 2Ch_22:3 with 2Ch_22:10) destroyed all the seed royal of Judah except Joash, hidden by his aunt Jehoshabeath, Ahaziah's sister, Jehoiada's wife. (See ATHALIAH.) After remaining six years hidden in the temple, Jehoiada by a well contrived revolution raised him to the throne. (See JEHOIADA.) For 23 years Joash prospered, so long as he adhered to the "covenant between the Lord and the king and the people, that they should be the Lord's people."
Baal's house, altars, and images were first of all destroyed by the people under Jehoiada; and Mattan, Baal's priest, was slain (2Ch_23:17; 2Ki_11:17-19), The high places alone were spared, the people still sacrificing and burning incense on them. But after his faithful counselor Jehoiada was dead the princes with flattering "obeisance" (compare Pro_29:5) persuaded the weak king to forsake Jehovah for Asheerah and idols. Wrath from God visited Judah for their trespass; then Zechariah, Jehoiada's son, standing in the inner higher court, "above the people" in the outer court, denounced their apostasy and declared God's consequent withdrawal of blessing (2Ch_24:20; compare 2Ch_12:5; 2Ch_15:2).
They stoned the prophet "at the king's commandment in the court of Jehovah's house," "between the temple and the altar" (Mat_23:35); contrast Jehoiada's reverent care not to slay Athaliah there (2Ch_23:14). Joash slew other "sons" of Jehoiada also (2Ch_24:25). Zechariah left his cause in the Lord's hands, "the Lord look upon it and require it." So Hazael, as executioner of God's judgment, with a small Syrian army came to Judah and Jerusalem, and in battle destroyed all the princes (a just retribution on the instigators of the apostasy, 2Ch_24:23). Joash bought his withdrawal only at the cost of all his own and the temple treasures (2Ki_12:17-18).
Severely wounded and sick, in his helpless state he was slain on his bed in the house of Millo by two conspirators, Zabad or Jozachar, son of an Ammonitess, and Jehozabad, son of a Moabitess; from the nations whose idols he adopted came also God's punishers of his idolatry. His body at death was excluded from the royal sepulchres, to which good Jehoiada for his special goodness had been admitted. His reign lasted 40 years (878-838 B.C.). Ahaziah, Joash, and Amaziah are the three omitted in Matthew's genealogy of Jesus Christ.
8. Jehoahaz' son and successor as king of Israel (840-825 B.C.). For two years contemporary of Joash of Judah (2Ki_14:1; compare 2Ki_12:1; 2Ki_13:10). God, in pity to Israel's extreme oppression by Hazael and the Syrians, remembered "His covenant with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob," and by Elisha on his deathbed promised deliverance through Joash. The king had lamented the prophet's near decease as the loss of "the chariot of Israel and the horsemen thereof," using the same language as Elisha had used of Elijah. By Elisha's direction Joash put his hand on a bow, Elisha put his hands on the king's hands (for God must bless our handiwork, else we labour in vain: compare Gen_49:24). Then Joash shot eastward and Elisha promised that Joash "should smite the Syrians in Aphek until he consumed them." Then by Elisha's direction Joash smote on the ground with arrows.
Smiting only thrice he was reproved by the prophet: "thou shouldest have smitten five or six times, then hadst thou smitten Syria until thou hadst consumed them, whereas now thou shalt smite Syria but thrice." So Joash took again out of the hands of Hazael's successor, Benhadad, Israel's cities and beat him thrice. Joash overcame at Bethshemesh, and took Amaziah, who challenged him because of the depredations of Israelite mercenaries whom Amaziah had sent away (2 Chronicles 25) and broke down the wall of Jerusalem from the Ephraim gate (or that of Benjamin leading northward) to the N.W. corner gate, 400 cubits, (the N. side being Jerusalem's only accessible side,) and carried away the gold and silver found under Obed Edom's charge in the temple and in the palace. (See AMAZIAH; JERUSALEM.) Joash after his return to Samaria died in the 15th year of Amaziah's reign, and was buried in the sepulchres of the kings of Israel. Jeroboam II was his successor.
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.
Jo'ash. (to whom Jehovah hastens, that is, to help), contracted from Jehoash.
1. Son of Ahaziah, king of Judah, (B.C. 884), and the only one of his children, who escaped the murderous hand of Athaliah. After his father's sister, Jehoshabeath, the wife of Jehoiada, the high priest, had stolen him from among the king's sons, he was hidden for six years in the chambers of the Temple. In the seventh year of his age, and of his concealment, a successful revolution, conducted by Jehoiada, placed him on the throne of his ancestors, and freed the country from the tyranny, and idolatries of Athaliah.
For at least twenty-three years, while Jehoiada lived, his reign was very prosperous; but after the death of Jehoiada, Joash fell into the hands of bad advisers, at whose suggestion, he revived the worship of Baal and Ashtaroth. When he was rebuked for this by Zechariah, the son of Jehoiada, Joash caused him to be stoned to death, in the very court of the Lord's house. Mat_23:35. That very year, Hazael, king of Syria, came up against Jerusalem, and carried off a vast booty, as the price of his departure.
Joash had scarcely escaped this danger, when he fell into another and fatal one. Two of his servants conspired against him, and slew him in his bed, and in the fortress of Millo. Joash's reign lasted forty years, from 878 to 838 B.C.
2. Son and successor of Jehoahaz, on the throne of Israel, from B.C. 840 to 825, and for two full years, a contemporary sovereign with Joash, 1. 2Ki_14:1. Compare this with 2Ki_12:1; 2Ki_13:10. When he succeeded to the crown, the kingdom was in a deplorable state, from the devastations of Hazael and Ben-hadad, kings of Syria.
On occasion of a friendly visit, paid by Joash to Elisha on his death-bed, the prophet promised him deliverance, from the Syrian yoke in Aphek. 1Ki_20:26-30. He then bade him smite upon the ground, and the king smote thrice and then stayed. The prophet rebuked him for staying, and limited to three his victories over Syria. Accordingly, Joash did defeat Ben-hadad three times on the field of battle, and recovered from him the cities, which Hazael had taken from Jehoahaz.
The other great military event of Joash's reign, was the successful war with Amaziah, king of Judah. He died in the fifteenth year of Amaziah, king of Judah.
3. The father of Gideon, and a wealthy man, among the Abiezrites. Jdg_6:11. (B.C. before 1256).
4. Apparently, a younger son of Ahab, who held a subordinate jurisdiction, in the lifetime of his father. 1Ki_22:26; 2Ch_18:25. (B.C. 896).
5. A descendant of Shelah, the son of Judah, but whether his son or the son of Jokim is not clear. 1Ch_4:22.
6. A Benjamite, son of Shemaah of Gibeah, 1Ch_12:3, who resorted to David at Ziklag.
7. One of the officers, of David's household. 1Ch_27:28.
8. Son of Becher, and head of a Benjamite house. 1Ch_7:8.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863
son of Ahaziah, king of Judah. When the impious Athaliah undertook to extinguish the race of the kings of Judah, that she might seize the crown herself, she ordered all the princes, her grandchildren, to be murdered. But Jehosheba, the sister of Ahaziah, and wife to the High Priest Jehoiada, rescued young Joash, then a child, from the cruelty of Athaliah, and lodged him in the temple with his nurse. Here he abode six years. In the seventh year Jehoiada procured him to be acknowledged king, and so well concerted his plan, that young Joash was placed on the throne, and saluted king in the temple, before the queen was informed of it. She was killed without the temple, 2Ki_11:1, &c. Joash received the diadem, together with the book of the law, from the hands of Jehoiada, the high priest, who, in the young king's name, made a covenant between the Lord, the king, and the people, for their future fidelity to God. He also obliged the people to take an oath of fidelity to the king. Joash was only seven years old when he began to reign, and he reigned forty years at Jerusalem. His mother's name was Zibiah of Beersheba. He governed with justice and piety, so long as he was guided by the High Priest Jehoiada. Yet he did not abolish the high places.
Jehoiada, during the king's minority, had issued orders for collecting voluntary offerings to the holy place, with the design of repairing the temple; but his orders were ill executed till the twentieth year of Joash. Then this prince directed chests to be placed at the entrance of the temple, and an account to be given him of what money was received from them, that it might be faithfully employed in repairing the house of God. Jehoiada dying at the age of a hundred and thirty years, Joash was misled by the evil counsel of his courtiers, who had before been restrained by the high priest's authority. They began to forsake the temple of the Lord, and to worship idols, and groves consecrated to idols. Then the Spirit of the Lord coming upon the High Priest Zechariah, son of Jehoiada, he reproved the people; but they who heard him stoned him, according to orders from their king. It was not long before God inflicted on Joash the just punishment of his ingratitude to Jehoiada, whose son he had so lately murdered. Hazael, king of Syria, besieged Gath, which belonged to Judah; and having taken it he marched against Jerusalem. Joash, to redeem himself from the difficulties of a siege, and from the danger of being plundered, took what money he could find in the temple, which had been consecrated by Ahaziah his father, Jehoram his grandfather, and himself, and gave the whole to Hazael. It is believed by some, that the next year the Syrian army marched again into Judah; but Hazael was not there in person. The Syrians made great havoc, defeated the troops of Joash, entered Jerusalem, slew the princes of Judah, and sent a great booty to the king of Syria at Damascus. They treated Joash himself with great ignominy, and left him extremely ill. His servants then revolted against him, and killed him in his bed, by which the blood of Zechariah the high priest was avenged. He was buried in Jerusalem, but not in the royal sepulchre. Amaziah his son succeeded him.
Biblical and Theological Dictionary by Richard Watson
PRINTER 1849.
See JEHOASH.
Bridgeway Bible Dictionary by Don Fleming
PRINTER 1990.
Joash, 1
Jo?ash (God-given), a contraction of Jehoash, son of Ahaziah and eighth king of Judah, who began to reign in B.C. 878, at the age of seven, and reigned forty-one years.
Joash, when an infant, was secretly saved by his aunt Jehoshebah, who was married to the high-priest Jehoiada, from the general massacre of the family by Athaliah, who had usurped the throne [ATHALIAH; JEHOIADA]. By the high-priest and his wife the child was privily brought up in the chambers connected with the temple till he had attained his eighth year, when Jehoiada deemed that the state of affairs required him to produce the youthful heir of the throne to the people, and claim for him the crown which his grandmother had so unrighteously usurped. Finding the influential persons whom he consulted favorable to the design, everything was secretly, but admirably, arranged for producing Joash, and investing him with the regalia, in such a manner that Athaliah could have no suspicion of the event till it actually occurred. On the day appointed, the sole surviving scion of David's illustrious house appeared in the place of the kings, by a particular pillar in the temple-court, and was crowned and anointed with the usual ceremonies. The high-wrought enthusiasm of the spectators then found vent in clapping of hands and exulting shouts of 'Long live the king!' The joyful uproar was heard even in the palace, and brought Athaliah to the temple, from which, at a word from Jehoiada, she was led to her death.
Joash behaved well during his nonage, and so long after as he remained under the influence of the high-priest. But when he died the king seems to have felt himself relieved from a yoke; and, to manifest his freedom, began to take the contrary course to that which he had followed while under pupilage. Gradually the persons who had possessed influence formerly, when the house of David was contaminated by its alliance with the house of Ahab, insinuated themselves into his councils, and before long the worship of Jehovah and the observances of the law were neglected, and the land was defiled with idolatries and idolatrous usages. The prophets then uttered their warnings, but were not heard; and the infatuated king had the atrocious ingratitude to put to death Zechariah, the son and successor of his benefactor Jehoiada. For these deeds Joash was made an example of the divine judgments. He saw his realm devastated by the Syrians under Hazael; his armies were cut in pieces by an enemy of inferior numbers; and he was even besieged in Jerusalem, and only preserved his capital and his crown by giving up the treasures of the temple. Besides this, a painful malady embittered all his latter days, and at length he became so odious that his own servants conspired against him, and slew him on his bed. Joash was buried in the city of David; but a place in the sepulcher of the kings was denied to his remains (2 Kings 11; 2 Kings 12; 2 Chronicles 24).
Joash, 2
Joash, son and successor of Jehoahaz on the throne of Israel, of which he was the twelfth king. He began to reign in B.C. 840, and reigned sixteen incomplete years. He followed the example of his predecessors in the policy of keeping up the worship of the golden calves; but apart from this, he bears a fair character, and had intervals, at least, of sincere piety and true devotion to the God of his fathers. He held the prophet Elisha in high honor, looking up to him as a father. When he heard of his last illness he repaired to the bed-side of the dying prophet, and was favored with promises of victories over the Syrians, by whom his dominions were then harassed. These promises were accomplished after the prophet's death. In three signal and successive victories Joash overcame the Syrians, and retook from them the towns which Hazael had rent from Israel.
These advantages rendered the kingdom of Israel more potent than that of Judah. He, however, sought no quarrel with that kingdom; but when he received a defiance from Amaziah king of Judah, he answered with becoming spirit in a parable, which by its images calls to mind that of Jotham [PARABLE]: the cool disdain of the answer must have been, and in fact was, exceedingly galling to Amaziah. In the war, or rather action, which followed, Joash was victorious. Having defeated Amaziah at Beth-shemesh, in Judah, he advanced to Jerusalem, broke down the wall to the extent of 400 cubits, and carried away the treasures both of the temple and the palace, together with hostages for the future good behavior of the crest-fallen Amaziah. Joash himself did not long survive this victory; he died in peace, and was buried in Samaria (2Ki_13:9-25; 2Ki_14:1-17).
The Popular Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature
by John Kitto.
Joash
(Heb. Yoäsh', the name of several persons, written in two forms in the original. 1. (יוֹאָשׁ, a contracted form of JEHOASH; Septuag. Ι᾿ωάς) The father of Gideon, buried in Ophrah where he had lived (Jdg_6:11; Jdg_6:29; Jdg_7:14; Jdg_8:13; Jdg_8:29; Jdg_8:32). Although himself probably an idolater, he ingeniously screened his son from the popular indignation in overthrowing the altar of Baal (Jdg_6:30-31). B.C. 1362. SEE GIDEON.
2. (Same form as preceding; Sept. Ι᾿ωράς v.r. Ι᾿ωάς) A son of Shemaah or Hasmaah the Gibeathite, and second only to his brother Ahiezer among the brave Benjamite archers that joined David at Ziklag (1Ch_12:3). B.C. 1055.
3. (Same form as preceding; Sept. Ι᾿ωάς) One of the descendants of Shelah, son of Judah, mentioned among those who were in some way distinguished among the Moabites in early times (1Ch_4:22). B.C. perh. cir. 995. SEE JASHUBI-LEHEM. The Hebrew tradition, quoted by Jerome (Quoest. Hebr. in Paral.) and Jarchi (Comm. ad loc.), applies it to Mahlon, the son of Elimelech, who married a Moabitess. The expression rendered in the A.V., who had the dominion (בָּעֲלוּ) in Moab,' would, according to this interpretation, signify who married in Moab.' The same explanation is given in the Targum of R. Joseph.
4. (Same form as preceding; Sept. Ι᾿ωάς) An eminent officer of king Ahab, to whose close custody the prophet Micaiah was remanded for denouncing the allied expedition against Ramoth-Gilead (1Ki_22:26; 2Ch_18:25). B.C. 896. He is styled the king's son, which is usually taken literally, Thenius (Comment. ad loc., in Kings) suggesting that he may have been placed with the governor of the city for military education. Geiger conjectures that Maaseiah, the king's son, in 2Ch_28:7, was a prince of the Moloch worship, and that Joash was a priest of the same. (Urschrift, p. 307). The title, however, may merely indicate a youth of princely stock.
5. (Same form as preceding: Sept. Ι᾿ωάς) King of Judah (2Ki_11:2; 2Ki_12:19-20; 2Ki_13:1; 2Ki_13:10; 2Ki_14:1; 2Ki_14:3; 2Ki_14:17; 2Ki_14:23; 1Ch_3:11; 2Ch_22:11; 2Ch_24:1 [יאֹשׁ], 2, 4, 22, 24; 25:23, 25). SEE JEHOASH, 1.
6. (Same form as preceding; Sept. Ι᾿ωάς) King of Israel (2Ki_13:9; 2Ki_13:12-14; 2Ki_13:25; 2Ki_14:1; 2Ki_14:23; 2Ki_14:27; 2Ch_25:17-18; 2Ch_25:21; 2Ch_25:23; Hos_1:1; Amo_1:1). SEE JEHOASH, 2.
7. (יוֹעָשׁ, to whom Jehovah hastens, i.e. for aid; Sept. Ι᾿ωάς.) One of the sons of Becher, son of Benjamin, a chieftain of his family (1Ch_7:8). B.C. prob. cir. 1017.
8. (Same form as last; Septuag. Ι᾿ωάς.) The person having charge of the royal stores of oil under David and Solomon (1Ch_27:28). B.C. 1014.
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary
JOASH.1. See Jehoash. 2. The father of Gideon (Jdg_6:11 etc.). 3. A son of Ahab (1Ki_22:26). 4. A son of Shelah (1Ch_4:22). 5. A Benjamite (1Ch_12:3). 6. A son of Becher (1Ch_7:8). 7. A servant of David (1Ch_27:28).
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
("Jehovah gifted".)
1. Gideon's father, an Abiezrite of wealth. (See GIDEON.) During the Midianite oppression he conformed to the popular idolatry, and had an altar to Baal and a "grove," i.e. Asherah, in his own ground. But on his son's destroying both Joash defended his son with a sarcastic sneer at Baal's impotence to "plead for himself" (Jdg_6:11-25; Jdg_6:29-31; Jdg_7:14; Jdg_8:13; Jdg_8:29; Jdg_8:32).
2. 1Ch_4:22. Ruled anciently in Moab.
3. 1Ch_7:8.
4. 1Ch_12:1-3; 1Ch_12:21. One of David's "helpers in the battle ... against the band (giduwd, the same word as in Samuel is used of the Amalekite spoiling 'troop' or company) of the rovers," i.e. the Amalekites who spoiled Ziklag in David's absence (1Sa_30:1-10; 1Sa_30:15).
5. 1Ch_27:28.
6. Ahab's son, viceroy in his absence at Ramoth Gilead (1Ki_22:26; 2Ch_18:25), or else left with the governor of the city, Amon, for military education.
7. The only son of Ahaziah king of Judah that escaped Athaliah's murderous hand, and the only surviving descendant of Solomon, for his grandfather Jehoram had killed all his brethren (2Ch_21:4; 2Ch_21:17; 2Ch_22:1; 2Ch_22:8-11), and all his own sons except Jehoahaz or Ahaziah the Arabians had slain; and on Ahaziah's destruction by Jehu Athaliah his mother (the instigator of sin becoming the instrument of punishment, compare 2Ch_22:3 with 2Ch_22:10) destroyed all the seed royal of Judah except Joash, hidden by his aunt Jehoshabeath, Ahaziah's sister, Jehoiada's wife. (See ATHALIAH.) After remaining six years hidden in the temple, Jehoiada by a well contrived revolution raised him to the throne. (See JEHOIADA.) For 23 years Joash prospered, so long as he adhered to the "covenant between the Lord and the king and the people, that they should be the Lord's people."
Baal's house, altars, and images were first of all destroyed by the people under Jehoiada; and Mattan, Baal's priest, was slain (2Ch_23:17; 2Ki_11:17-19), The high places alone were spared, the people still sacrificing and burning incense on them. But after his faithful counselor Jehoiada was dead the princes with flattering "obeisance" (compare Pro_29:5) persuaded the weak king to forsake Jehovah for Asheerah and idols. Wrath from God visited Judah for their trespass; then Zechariah, Jehoiada's son, standing in the inner higher court, "above the people" in the outer court, denounced their apostasy and declared God's consequent withdrawal of blessing (2Ch_24:20; compare 2Ch_12:5; 2Ch_15:2).
They stoned the prophet "at the king's commandment in the court of Jehovah's house," "between the temple and the altar" (Mat_23:35); contrast Jehoiada's reverent care not to slay Athaliah there (2Ch_23:14). Joash slew other "sons" of Jehoiada also (2Ch_24:25). Zechariah left his cause in the Lord's hands, "the Lord look upon it and require it." So Hazael, as executioner of God's judgment, with a small Syrian army came to Judah and Jerusalem, and in battle destroyed all the princes (a just retribution on the instigators of the apostasy, 2Ch_24:23). Joash bought his withdrawal only at the cost of all his own and the temple treasures (2Ki_12:17-18).
Severely wounded and sick, in his helpless state he was slain on his bed in the house of Millo by two conspirators, Zabad or Jozachar, son of an Ammonitess, and Jehozabad, son of a Moabitess; from the nations whose idols he adopted came also God's punishers of his idolatry. His body at death was excluded from the royal sepulchres, to which good Jehoiada for his special goodness had been admitted. His reign lasted 40 years (878-838 B.C.). Ahaziah, Joash, and Amaziah are the three omitted in Matthew's genealogy of Jesus Christ.
8. Jehoahaz' son and successor as king of Israel (840-825 B.C.). For two years contemporary of Joash of Judah (2Ki_14:1; compare 2Ki_12:1; 2Ki_13:10). God, in pity to Israel's extreme oppression by Hazael and the Syrians, remembered "His covenant with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob," and by Elisha on his deathbed promised deliverance through Joash. The king had lamented the prophet's near decease as the loss of "the chariot of Israel and the horsemen thereof," using the same language as Elisha had used of Elijah. By Elisha's direction Joash put his hand on a bow, Elisha put his hands on the king's hands (for God must bless our handiwork, else we labour in vain: compare Gen_49:24). Then Joash shot eastward and Elisha promised that Joash "should smite the Syrians in Aphek until he consumed them." Then by Elisha's direction Joash smote on the ground with arrows.
Smiting only thrice he was reproved by the prophet: "thou shouldest have smitten five or six times, then hadst thou smitten Syria until thou hadst consumed them, whereas now thou shalt smite Syria but thrice." So Joash took again out of the hands of Hazael's successor, Benhadad, Israel's cities and beat him thrice. Joash overcame at Bethshemesh, and took Amaziah, who challenged him because of the depredations of Israelite mercenaries whom Amaziah had sent away (2 Chronicles 25) and broke down the wall of Jerusalem from the Ephraim gate (or that of Benjamin leading northward) to the N.W. corner gate, 400 cubits, (the N. side being Jerusalem's only accessible side,) and carried away the gold and silver found under Obed Edom's charge in the temple and in the palace. (See AMAZIAH; JERUSALEM.) Joash after his return to Samaria died in the 15th year of Amaziah's reign, and was buried in the sepulchres of the kings of Israel. Jeroboam II was his successor.
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.
Jo'ash. (to whom Jehovah hastens, that is, to help), contracted from Jehoash.
1. Son of Ahaziah, king of Judah, (B.C. 884), and the only one of his children, who escaped the murderous hand of Athaliah. After his father's sister, Jehoshabeath, the wife of Jehoiada, the high priest, had stolen him from among the king's sons, he was hidden for six years in the chambers of the Temple. In the seventh year of his age, and of his concealment, a successful revolution, conducted by Jehoiada, placed him on the throne of his ancestors, and freed the country from the tyranny, and idolatries of Athaliah.
For at least twenty-three years, while Jehoiada lived, his reign was very prosperous; but after the death of Jehoiada, Joash fell into the hands of bad advisers, at whose suggestion, he revived the worship of Baal and Ashtaroth. When he was rebuked for this by Zechariah, the son of Jehoiada, Joash caused him to be stoned to death, in the very court of the Lord's house. Mat_23:35. That very year, Hazael, king of Syria, came up against Jerusalem, and carried off a vast booty, as the price of his departure.
Joash had scarcely escaped this danger, when he fell into another and fatal one. Two of his servants conspired against him, and slew him in his bed, and in the fortress of Millo. Joash's reign lasted forty years, from 878 to 838 B.C.
2. Son and successor of Jehoahaz, on the throne of Israel, from B.C. 840 to 825, and for two full years, a contemporary sovereign with Joash, 1. 2Ki_14:1. Compare this with 2Ki_12:1; 2Ki_13:10. When he succeeded to the crown, the kingdom was in a deplorable state, from the devastations of Hazael and Ben-hadad, kings of Syria.
On occasion of a friendly visit, paid by Joash to Elisha on his death-bed, the prophet promised him deliverance, from the Syrian yoke in Aphek. 1Ki_20:26-30. He then bade him smite upon the ground, and the king smote thrice and then stayed. The prophet rebuked him for staying, and limited to three his victories over Syria. Accordingly, Joash did defeat Ben-hadad three times on the field of battle, and recovered from him the cities, which Hazael had taken from Jehoahaz.
The other great military event of Joash's reign, was the successful war with Amaziah, king of Judah. He died in the fifteenth year of Amaziah, king of Judah.
3. The father of Gideon, and a wealthy man, among the Abiezrites. Jdg_6:11. (B.C. before 1256).
4. Apparently, a younger son of Ahab, who held a subordinate jurisdiction, in the lifetime of his father. 1Ki_22:26; 2Ch_18:25. (B.C. 896).
5. A descendant of Shelah, the son of Judah, but whether his son or the son of Jokim is not clear. 1Ch_4:22.
6. A Benjamite, son of Shemaah of Gibeah, 1Ch_12:3, who resorted to David at Ziklag.
7. One of the officers, of David's household. 1Ch_27:28.
8. Son of Becher, and head of a Benjamite house. 1Ch_7:8.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863
son of Ahaziah, king of Judah. When the impious Athaliah undertook to extinguish the race of the kings of Judah, that she might seize the crown herself, she ordered all the princes, her grandchildren, to be murdered. But Jehosheba, the sister of Ahaziah, and wife to the High Priest Jehoiada, rescued young Joash, then a child, from the cruelty of Athaliah, and lodged him in the temple with his nurse. Here he abode six years. In the seventh year Jehoiada procured him to be acknowledged king, and so well concerted his plan, that young Joash was placed on the throne, and saluted king in the temple, before the queen was informed of it. She was killed without the temple, 2Ki_11:1, &c. Joash received the diadem, together with the book of the law, from the hands of Jehoiada, the high priest, who, in the young king's name, made a covenant between the Lord, the king, and the people, for their future fidelity to God. He also obliged the people to take an oath of fidelity to the king. Joash was only seven years old when he began to reign, and he reigned forty years at Jerusalem. His mother's name was Zibiah of Beersheba. He governed with justice and piety, so long as he was guided by the High Priest Jehoiada. Yet he did not abolish the high places.
Jehoiada, during the king's minority, had issued orders for collecting voluntary offerings to the holy place, with the design of repairing the temple; but his orders were ill executed till the twentieth year of Joash. Then this prince directed chests to be placed at the entrance of the temple, and an account to be given him of what money was received from them, that it might be faithfully employed in repairing the house of God. Jehoiada dying at the age of a hundred and thirty years, Joash was misled by the evil counsel of his courtiers, who had before been restrained by the high priest's authority. They began to forsake the temple of the Lord, and to worship idols, and groves consecrated to idols. Then the Spirit of the Lord coming upon the High Priest Zechariah, son of Jehoiada, he reproved the people; but they who heard him stoned him, according to orders from their king. It was not long before God inflicted on Joash the just punishment of his ingratitude to Jehoiada, whose son he had so lately murdered. Hazael, king of Syria, besieged Gath, which belonged to Judah; and having taken it he marched against Jerusalem. Joash, to redeem himself from the difficulties of a siege, and from the danger of being plundered, took what money he could find in the temple, which had been consecrated by Ahaziah his father, Jehoram his grandfather, and himself, and gave the whole to Hazael. It is believed by some, that the next year the Syrian army marched again into Judah; but Hazael was not there in person. The Syrians made great havoc, defeated the troops of Joash, entered Jerusalem, slew the princes of Judah, and sent a great booty to the king of Syria at Damascus. They treated Joash himself with great ignominy, and left him extremely ill. His servants then revolted against him, and killed him in his bed, by which the blood of Zechariah the high priest was avenged. He was buried in Jerusalem, but not in the royal sepulchre. Amaziah his son succeeded him.
Biblical and Theological Dictionary by Richard Watson
PRINTER 1849.
See JEHOASH.
Bridgeway Bible Dictionary by Don Fleming
PRINTER 1990.
Joash, 1
Jo?ash (God-given), a contraction of Jehoash, son of Ahaziah and eighth king of Judah, who began to reign in B.C. 878, at the age of seven, and reigned forty-one years.
Joash, when an infant, was secretly saved by his aunt Jehoshebah, who was married to the high-priest Jehoiada, from the general massacre of the family by Athaliah, who had usurped the throne [ATHALIAH; JEHOIADA]. By the high-priest and his wife the child was privily brought up in the chambers connected with the temple till he had attained his eighth year, when Jehoiada deemed that the state of affairs required him to produce the youthful heir of the throne to the people, and claim for him the crown which his grandmother had so unrighteously usurped. Finding the influential persons whom he consulted favorable to the design, everything was secretly, but admirably, arranged for producing Joash, and investing him with the regalia, in such a manner that Athaliah could have no suspicion of the event till it actually occurred. On the day appointed, the sole surviving scion of David's illustrious house appeared in the place of the kings, by a particular pillar in the temple-court, and was crowned and anointed with the usual ceremonies. The high-wrought enthusiasm of the spectators then found vent in clapping of hands and exulting shouts of 'Long live the king!' The joyful uproar was heard even in the palace, and brought Athaliah to the temple, from which, at a word from Jehoiada, she was led to her death.
Joash behaved well during his nonage, and so long after as he remained under the influence of the high-priest. But when he died the king seems to have felt himself relieved from a yoke; and, to manifest his freedom, began to take the contrary course to that which he had followed while under pupilage. Gradually the persons who had possessed influence formerly, when the house of David was contaminated by its alliance with the house of Ahab, insinuated themselves into his councils, and before long the worship of Jehovah and the observances of the law were neglected, and the land was defiled with idolatries and idolatrous usages. The prophets then uttered their warnings, but were not heard; and the infatuated king had the atrocious ingratitude to put to death Zechariah, the son and successor of his benefactor Jehoiada. For these deeds Joash was made an example of the divine judgments. He saw his realm devastated by the Syrians under Hazael; his armies were cut in pieces by an enemy of inferior numbers; and he was even besieged in Jerusalem, and only preserved his capital and his crown by giving up the treasures of the temple. Besides this, a painful malady embittered all his latter days, and at length he became so odious that his own servants conspired against him, and slew him on his bed. Joash was buried in the city of David; but a place in the sepulcher of the kings was denied to his remains (2 Kings 11; 2 Kings 12; 2 Chronicles 24).
Joash, 2
Joash, son and successor of Jehoahaz on the throne of Israel, of which he was the twelfth king. He began to reign in B.C. 840, and reigned sixteen incomplete years. He followed the example of his predecessors in the policy of keeping up the worship of the golden calves; but apart from this, he bears a fair character, and had intervals, at least, of sincere piety and true devotion to the God of his fathers. He held the prophet Elisha in high honor, looking up to him as a father. When he heard of his last illness he repaired to the bed-side of the dying prophet, and was favored with promises of victories over the Syrians, by whom his dominions were then harassed. These promises were accomplished after the prophet's death. In three signal and successive victories Joash overcame the Syrians, and retook from them the towns which Hazael had rent from Israel.
These advantages rendered the kingdom of Israel more potent than that of Judah. He, however, sought no quarrel with that kingdom; but when he received a defiance from Amaziah king of Judah, he answered with becoming spirit in a parable, which by its images calls to mind that of Jotham [PARABLE]: the cool disdain of the answer must have been, and in fact was, exceedingly galling to Amaziah. In the war, or rather action, which followed, Joash was victorious. Having defeated Amaziah at Beth-shemesh, in Judah, he advanced to Jerusalem, broke down the wall to the extent of 400 cubits, and carried away the treasures both of the temple and the palace, together with hostages for the future good behavior of the crest-fallen Amaziah. Joash himself did not long survive this victory; he died in peace, and was buried in Samaria (2Ki_13:9-25; 2Ki_14:1-17).
The Popular Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature
by John Kitto.
Joash
(Heb. Yoäsh', the name of several persons, written in two forms in the original. 1. (יוֹאָשׁ, a contracted form of JEHOASH; Septuag. Ι᾿ωάς) The father of Gideon, buried in Ophrah where he had lived (Jdg_6:11; Jdg_6:29; Jdg_7:14; Jdg_8:13; Jdg_8:29; Jdg_8:32). Although himself probably an idolater, he ingeniously screened his son from the popular indignation in overthrowing the altar of Baal (Jdg_6:30-31). B.C. 1362. SEE GIDEON.
2. (Same form as preceding; Sept. Ι᾿ωράς v.r. Ι᾿ωάς) A son of Shemaah or Hasmaah the Gibeathite, and second only to his brother Ahiezer among the brave Benjamite archers that joined David at Ziklag (1Ch_12:3). B.C. 1055.
3. (Same form as preceding; Sept. Ι᾿ωάς) One of the descendants of Shelah, son of Judah, mentioned among those who were in some way distinguished among the Moabites in early times (1Ch_4:22). B.C. perh. cir. 995. SEE JASHUBI-LEHEM. The Hebrew tradition, quoted by Jerome (Quoest. Hebr. in Paral.) and Jarchi (Comm. ad loc.), applies it to Mahlon, the son of Elimelech, who married a Moabitess. The expression rendered in the A.V., who had the dominion (בָּעֲלוּ) in Moab,' would, according to this interpretation, signify who married in Moab.' The same explanation is given in the Targum of R. Joseph.
4. (Same form as preceding; Sept. Ι᾿ωάς) An eminent officer of king Ahab, to whose close custody the prophet Micaiah was remanded for denouncing the allied expedition against Ramoth-Gilead (1Ki_22:26; 2Ch_18:25). B.C. 896. He is styled the king's son, which is usually taken literally, Thenius (Comment. ad loc., in Kings) suggesting that he may have been placed with the governor of the city for military education. Geiger conjectures that Maaseiah, the king's son, in 2Ch_28:7, was a prince of the Moloch worship, and that Joash was a priest of the same. (Urschrift, p. 307). The title, however, may merely indicate a youth of princely stock.
5. (Same form as preceding: Sept. Ι᾿ωάς) King of Judah (2Ki_11:2; 2Ki_12:19-20; 2Ki_13:1; 2Ki_13:10; 2Ki_14:1; 2Ki_14:3; 2Ki_14:17; 2Ki_14:23; 1Ch_3:11; 2Ch_22:11; 2Ch_24:1 [יאֹשׁ], 2, 4, 22, 24; 25:23, 25). SEE JEHOASH, 1.
6. (Same form as preceding; Sept. Ι᾿ωάς) King of Israel (2Ki_13:9; 2Ki_13:12-14; 2Ki_13:25; 2Ki_14:1; 2Ki_14:23; 2Ki_14:27; 2Ch_25:17-18; 2Ch_25:21; 2Ch_25:23; Hos_1:1; Amo_1:1). SEE JEHOASH, 2.
7. (יוֹעָשׁ, to whom Jehovah hastens, i.e. for aid; Sept. Ι᾿ωάς.) One of the sons of Becher, son of Benjamin, a chieftain of his family (1Ch_7:8). B.C. prob. cir. 1017.
8. (Same form as last; Septuag. Ι᾿ωάς.) The person having charge of the royal stores of oil under David and Solomon (1Ch_27:28). B.C. 1014.
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
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