Leg

VIEW:42 DATA:01-04-2020
LEG.—1. kĕr①ayim, a fem. dual, in which form alone it appears (Exo_12:9 etc.). It denotes the legs from knee to ankle (Gesenius). 2. regel (1Sa_17:6), lit. ‘foot.’ 3. shôq, the leg, apparently including the thigh, for which it stands in Exo_29:22; Exo_29:27, Lev_7:32-34; Lev_8:25 f., Lev_9:21; Lev_10:14 f., Num_6:20; Num_18:18, 1Sa_9:24, in all of which AV [Note: Authorized Version.] tr. [Note: translate or translation.] ‘shoulder,’ but RV [Note: Revised Version.] , correctly, ‘thigh.’ In Psa_147:10 shôqç hâ-îsh may mean ‘foot-soldiers.’ The proverbial phrase ‘hip and thigh,’ is literally ‘leg upon thigh’ (Jdg_15:3), descriptive of the confusion of severed limbs. 4, shôbel (Isa_47:2) means ‘train’ (RV [Note: Revised Version.] , correctly, ‘strip off the train’). 5. skelos (Joh_19:31 ff.). To hasten the death of the crucified, it was customary to break their legs.
W. Ewing.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909


(1) שׁוק, shōḳ, Aramaic שׁק, shoḳ; (2) כּרע, kāra‛, dual כּרעים, kerā‛ayim; (3) רגל, reghel; σκέλος, skélos; the King James Version translates also שׂבל, shōbhel, and צעדה, ce‛ādhāh, with ?leg,? but mistakenly): (1) The first Hebrew word (shōḳ) denotes the upper leg, and is therefore synonymous with THIGH (which see). It expresses metaphorically the muscular strength, and the pride of the runner. ?He taketh no pleasure in the legs of a man? (Psa_147:10). ?His legs are as pillars of marble, set upon sockets of fine gold? (Son_5:15). If the legs have lost their strength as in the lame or the Beri-beri patient, they become a metaphor for anything useless, inefficient or disappointing: ?The legs of the lame hang loose; so is a parable in the mouth of fools? (Pro_26:7). The Aramaic form is found in the description of the image of Nebuchadnezzar, ?its legs of iron? (Dan_2:33). (2) Kāra‛, dual kerā‛ayim, the ?leg,? ?respecting the legs,? mentioned as a portion of the paschal lamb (Exo_12:9), or, usually, in connection with the head and the inwards, as a sacrificial portion (Exo_29:17; Lev_1:9, Lev_1:13; Amo_3:12). The word designates also the legs of leaping insects of the orthopterous family, locusts, etc., which were permitted as food to the Israelites (Lev_11:21). (3) Reghel, literally, ?foot? (which see), found in this sense only once: ?He (Goliath) had greaves of brass upon his legs? (1Sa_17:6).
Two passages of wrong translation in the King James Version have been corrected by the Revised Version (British and American). The virgin daughter of Babylon is addressed: ?Make bare the leg, uncover the thigh? (Isa_47:2), the Revised Version (British and American) renders: ?Strip off the train (shōbhel), uncover the leg,? the idea being that the gentle maid, who has been brought up in affluence and luxury, will have to don the attire of a slave girl and do menial work, for which her former garments are unsuited. The other passage is in Isa_3:20, where the King James Version reads: ?the bonnets, and the ornaments of the legs,? the Revised Version (British and American) corrects: ?the headtires (ce‛ādhāh), and the ankle chains.?
In the New Testament the word ?leg? is found only in connection with the breaking of the legs of the persons crucified with the Saviour (Joh_19:31, Joh_19:32, Joh_19:33). We know from Roman and Greek authors that this was done as a coup de grace to shorten the miseries of criminals condemned to die on the cross. The practice bore the technical name of σκελοκοπία, skelokopı́a, Latin crurifragium. The verb σκελοποεῖν, skelokopeı́n (?to break the legs?), is found in the apocryphal Gospel of Peter (1Pe_4:14), where it is distinctly stated that the legs of Jesus were not broken, that His sufferings on the cross might be extended, while the two malefactors crucified with Him were mercifully dispatched in this way. The crurifragium consisted of some strokes with a heavy club or mallet, which always materially hastened the death of the sufferer, and often caused it almost immediately.
Edersheim, in LTJM, II, 613, suggests that the breaking of legs was an additional punishment, and that it was always followed by a coup de grace, the perforatio or percussio sub alas, a stroke with sword or lance into the side. This, however, is not borne out by any classical information which is known to me, and is contradicted by the statement of the evangelist that Jesus received the percussio, while the malefactors endured the crurifragium. Compare on this subject, especially for parallels from classical authors, Sepp, Das Leben Jesu, VII, 441, and Keim, Jesus von Nazara (English translation), VI, 253, note 3.

International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.


Exo_29:17 (c) This type probably teaches the lesson that the walk of the child of GOD, as well as his inward desires, feelings and thoughts must all be cleansed with the washing of water by the Word of GOD. All must be laid at the feet of the Lord in sacrificial service. The walk must be clean.

Psa_147:10 (c) Here is a figure of the walk of men in their business pursuits and their lives of pleasure. GOD takes no pleasure in that which is strictly human, but takes pleasure only in His Son and in those who walk with His Son.

Pro_26:7 (c) By this we understand that the reason for the ungodly walk of the wicked is because their nature is sinful. All unsaved people walk in a crooked path because they have an uneven disposition and lack divine life.

Son_5:15 (b) In the world of sports the leg and its strength and power to endure are prime requisites for success. The prize fighter who wins is the one who can keep his legs strong and stiff to the end. The runner must have legs that will keep up the stride to the end of the race. In the Scripture before us, the legs are used as a type of the wonderful power, stability and endurance of our precious Lord. They are made of marble to show the beauty of this precious Saviour. And they are made of marble in order to show their strength and permanent power.

Dan_2:33 (a) These legs represent the Roman empire which was unusually strong and durable both in its civil power and its military might. The nation was upheld in its position as a world ruler by these two elements of strength.

Amo_3:12 (a) This probably indicates that GOD, the Shepherd, will deliver His people so that they may walk with Him again, and listen to Him as they should.
Wilson's Dictionary of Bible Types
press 1957.


Leg
is the rendering of several words in the A.V. Usually the Heb. term is כָּרָע, karla' (only in the dual כְּרָעִיַם), the lower limb or shank of an animal (Exo_12:9; Exo_29:17; Lev_1:9; Lev_1:13; Lev_4:11; Lev_8:21; Lev_9:14; Amo_3:12) or a locust (Lev_11:21); the σκέλος of a man (Joh_19:31-33). שֹׁוֹק, shôk (Chald. שָׁק, shâk, of an image, Dan_2:33), is properly the shin or lower part of the leg, but used of the whole limb, e.g. of a person (Deu_28:13; Psa_147:10; Pro_26:7; “thigh,” Isa_47:2; in the phrase "hip [q.v.] and thigh,” Jdg_15:7; spoken also of the drawers or leggins, Song of Solomon v. 15); also the “heave shoulder" (q.v.) of the sacrifice (Exo_29:22, etc.; 1Sa_9:24). Once by an extension of רֶגֶל, re'gel (1Sa_17:6), properly a foot (as usually rendered). Elsewhere improperly for שֹׁבֶל , sho'bel, the train or trailing dress of a female (Isa_47:2); and צְעָדָה , tseada', a step-chain for the feet, or perh. bracelet for the wrist (“ornament of the leg,” Isa_3:20). SEE THIGH.
Goliath's greaves for his legs doubtless extended from the knee to the foot (1Sa_17:6). SEE GREAVES. The bones of the legs of persons crucified were broken to hasten their death (Joh_19:31). SEE CRUCIFIXION.

CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.





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