Lemuel

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God with them, or him
Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary


LEMUEL.—The name of a king, otherwise unknown, to whom Pro_31:1-9 is addressed by his mother. His identity has been much discussed; he has been identified (by the Rabbinical commentators) with Solomon, (by Grotius) with Hezekiah. Cf. also Massa. It is possible that the name is a fanciful title to represent any virtuous king, invented for the purpose of conveying certain maxims.
T. A. Moxon.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909


"devoted to God", or "created by God" (the long form of Loci, Num_3:24). Instead of "Lemuel .... the prophecy," some less probably translated "Lemuel, king of Massa" (Pro_31:1-9). An ideal model king. Not, as Hitzig guessed, elder brother to Agur, king of an Arab tribe in Massa, on the borders of Palestine, and both sprung from the Simeonites who drove out the Amalekites from Mount Seir under Hezekiah, as if Lemuel were an older form of Nemuel, or Jemuel, Simeon's oldest son. Taught by his mother, as Timothy by Lois and Eunice (2Ti_1:5; 2Ti_3:15-16). Her character was perhaps the model of the portrait of the "virtuous woman" (Pro_31:10-31). Abstemious; a pleader for and patron of those who cannot defend themselves, the widow and orphan.
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.


Lem'uel. (dedicated to God). The name of an unknown king, to whom his mother addressed the prudential maxims contained in Pro_31:1-9. The rabbinical commentators identified Lemuel with Solomon. Others regard him as king or chief of an Arab tribe dwelling on the borders of Palestine, and elder brother of Agur, whose name stands at the head of Pro_30:1.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863


See AGUR.
Biblical and Theological Dictionary by Richard Watson
PRINTER 1849.


lem?ū́-el (למוּאל, lemū'el, or למואל, lemō'ēl): A king whose words, an ?oracle (taught him by his mother),? are given in Pro_31:1-9; and possibly the succeeding acrostic poem (31:10-31) is from the same source. Instead of translating the word after this name as ?oracle? some propose to leave it as a proper name, translating ?king of Massa,? and referring for his kingdom to Massa (Gen_25:14), one of the sons of Ishmael, supposedly head of a tribe or sheikh of a country. It is to be noted, however, that the words of Agur in the previous chapter are similarly called massā', ?oracle? with not so clear a reason for referring it to a country. See for a suggested reason for retaining the meaning ?oracle? in both places, PROVERBS, BOOK OF, II., 6.

International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.


Lemuel
(Hebrew Lemnuel', לְמוּאֵל, Pro_31:1; Sept. ὑπὸ θεοῦ, Vulgate Lamuel; also Lemoël, לְמוֹאֵל Pro_31:4; Sept. πάντα ποιεῖ, Vulgate Lamuel), an unknown prince, to whom the admonitory apothegms of Pro_31:2-9 were originally addressed by his mother. Most interpreters understand Solomon to be meant either symbolically (the name signifying to God, i.e. created by him) or by a pleasing epithet (see Rosenmüller, Scholia acl Prov. p. 718). The Rabbinical commentators identify Lemuel with Solomon, and tell a strange tale that when he married the daughter of Pharaoh, on the day of the dedication of the Temple, he assembled musicians of all kinds, and passed the night awake. On the morrow he slept till the fourth hour, with the keys of the Temple beneath his pillow, when his mother entered, and upbraided him in the words of Pro_31:2-9. Others (e.g. Grotius) refer it to Hezekiah (by a precarious etymology), while still others (e.g. Gesenius) think that no Israelite is referred to, but some neighboring petty Arabian prince. On the other hand, according to Eichhorn (Einleitulq, v. 106), Lemuel is altogether an imaginary person (so Ewald; comp. Bertholdt, v. 2196 sq.). Prof. Stuart (Comment. on Prov. p. 403 sq.) renders the expression “Lemuel, the king of Massa,” and regards him as the brother of Agur, whom he makes to have been likewise a son of the queen of Massa, in the neighborhood of Dumah. SEE AGUR; SEE ITHIEL.
In the reign of Hezekiah, a roving band of Simeonites drove out the Amalekites from Mount Seir and settled in their stead (1Ch_4:38-43), and from these exiles of Israelitish origin Hitzig conjectures that Lemuel and Agur were descended, the former having been born in the land of Israel; and that the name Lemuel is an older form of Nemuel, the firstborn of Simeon (Die Sprüche Salomo's, p. 310-314). But this interpretation is far-fetched; and none is more likely than that which fixes the epithet upon Solomon. SEE PROVERBS.

CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.





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