Libnah
VIEW:39 DATA:01-04-2020
white; whiteness
(same as Libni)
Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary
LIBNAH.1. An unidentified station in the desert wanderings (Num_33:20). 2. A Canaanite city taken by Joshua after Makkedah and before Lachish (Jos_10:29 etc.), named between Arad and Adullam (Jos_12:16), and between Makkedah and Ether in the Shephçlah (Jos_15:42). It was given to the Levites (Jos_21:18, 1Ch_6:67). Taking advantage of an Edomite revolt, it rose against Judah under Joram (2Ki_8:22). It was besieged by Sennacherib (2Ki_19:8 = Isa_37:8). Hamutal, mother of Jehoahaz and Zedekiah, was a native of Libnah (2Ki_23:31; 2Ki_24:18, Jer_52:1). The district is clearly indicated, but the site is still unknown. Conder (PEFSt [Note: Quarterly Statement of the same.] , 1897, p. 69) suggests el-Benawy, 10 miles S.E. of Lachish (Tell el-Hesy).
W. Ewing.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
("whiteness".)
1. The Blanche Garde of the crusaders (Stanley). A city in the shephelah or low hills S.W. of Palestine, taken by Joshua, though not one of the leagued cities, because he would not leave so strong a city unsubdued in his rear, after destroying Makkedah on his way to Lachish. A priests' city with its "suburbs" (Jos_10:29-30; Jos_10:32-39; Jos_12:15; Jos_15:42; Jos_21:13). It revolted from Judah at the same time as Edom, in the reign of Jehoram, Jehoshaphat's son, "because he had forsaken the Lord God of his fathers" (2Ki_8:22; 2Ch_21:10-11). Its remoteness from the capital, which Jehoram had corrupted into idolatry, and the presence of the sacred ministers in it, made its people desire separation from the idolaters; hence its revolt, as the scripture quoted implies. The explanation of the revolt, though satisfactory, is one inferred from comparing independent scriptures (2Ch_21:10; 2Ki_8:18; Jos_15:42; Jos_21:13), an undesigned propriety confirming the truth.
After Lachish Sennacherib besieged Libnah, and there heard of what alarmed him, Tirhakah's advance (2Ki_19:8; Isa_37:8). Rabshakeh joined him there, and probably brought with him the portion of the Assyrian army which had been before Jerusalem. At Libnah near Egypt G. Rawlinson thinks the miraculous destruction of the Assyrian army took place: not at Jerusalem; so Jehovah's promise (Isa_37:33), "Sennacherib shall not come into this city, nor shoot an arrow there, nor come before it with shields "; then verse 36 will mean, "when they (Sennacherib and the surviving Assyrians) arose early in the morning, behold they (the smitten Assyrians) were all dead corpses." Herodotus (ii. 141) gives the Egyptian story, that Sennacherib retreated from Pelusium, the Egyptian gods having sent field mice which gnawed their bowstrings and shield straps, a corruption of Jehovah's promise above. Hamutal, Josiah's queen, mother of Jehoahaz and Zedekiah, was of Libnah (2Ki_23:31; 2Ki_24:18.)
E. Wilton identifies Libnah with Lebben, five miles S. of Gaza, near the northern bank of wady Sheriah, a good point from which Sennacherib could watch Tirhakah's advance from the Egyptian quarter. The smallness of the remains is due to the buildings having been of large sun-dried bricks, soon disintegrating, not stone. Condor (Palestine Exploration, July, 1875) identifies it with Belt Jibrin. Warren (Palestine Exploration, July, 1875) identifies Libnah with Ibna, a ruin on a hill at the sea coast, between Jaffa and Ashdod, and identical with Jabneel or Jabnab. As Libnah was a priests' town, so Jamnia became latterly the seat of the Sanhedrin and head quarters of Hebrew learning. Libnah (whiteness) perhaps is named from some natural feature, as white poplars; as Rithmah is from retem "the juniper." El Benawy is mentioned for it in Palestine Exploration Quarterly Statement, January, 1878, p. 19.
2. A station of Israel between Sinai and Kadesh, the fifth after Sinai. The Laban of Deu_1:1, near the Arabah and Elanitic gulf. Now el Beyaneh ("the distinct.," Arabic), part of the mountain plateau and valley W. of the Arabah.
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.
Lib'nah. (whiteness).
1. A royal city of the Canaanites, which lay in the southwest part of the Holy Land, taken by Joshua immediately after the rout of Beth-horon. It was near Lachish, west of Makkedah. It was appropriated with its "suburbs" to the priests. Jos_21:13; 1Ch_6:57. In the reign of Jehoram, the son of Jehoshaphat, it "revolted" from Judah at the same time with Edom. 2Ki_8:22; 2Ch_21:10. Probably, the modern Ayak el-Menshiyeh.
2. One of the stations, at which the Israelites encamped on their journey, between the wilderness of Sinai and Kadesh. Num_33:20-21.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863
a city in the southern part of the tribe of Judah, Jos_15:42, of which a cession was made to the priests for their habitation, and which was declared a city of refuge, 1Ch_6:57.
Biblical and Theological Dictionary by Richard Watson
PRINTER 1849.
lib?na (לבנה, libhnāh ?whiteness,? ?transparency,? ?pavement? (compare Exo_24:10 where לבנת, libhnath, is translated ?paved work? or a ?compact foundation?); Λεβνά, Lebná):
(1) A desert camp of the Israelites between Rimmon-perez and Rissah (Num_33:20, Num_33:21). Probably the same as Laban (Deu_1:1). See WANDERINGS OF ISRAEL.
(2) A town in the Shephelah of Judah (Jos_15:42). ?Joshua passed from Makkedah, and all Israel with him, unto Libnah, and fought against Libnah: and Yahweh delivered it also, and the king thereof, into the hand of Israel... And Joshua passed from Libnah, and all Israel with him, unto Lachish, and encamped against it, and fought against it? (Jos_10:29-31; Jos_12:15). It was one of the cities given to the ?children of Aaron? (Jos_21:13; 1Ch_6:57). In the reign of Joram, Libnah joined the Edomites in a revolt against the king of Judah (2Ki_8:22; 2Ch_21:10). In the reign of Hezekiah, Libnah was besieged by Sennacherib (2Ki_19:8; Isa_37:8). The wife of King Josiah was ?Hamutal the daughter of Jeremiah of Libnah,? she was the mother of Jehoahaz and Zedekiah (2Ki_23:31; 2Ki_24:18; Jer_52:1).
The site of this important stronghold remains unknown. In the Eusebius, Onomasticon it is described, under the name Lobana or Lobna, as near Eleutheropolis (Beit Jebrı̂n). All the indications point to a site in the Southwest of the Shephelah, not very far from Lachish. The Palestine Exploration Fund surveyors suggested (PEF, III, 259) the commanding site ‛Arāk el Menshı̂yeh, or rather the white chalky mound 250 ft. high to the North of this village, and Stanley proposed Tell eṣ Safi. (Both these identifications are due to the interpretation of Libnah as meaning ?whiteness.?) In the PEFS (1897, Sh XX) Conder suggests a ruin called el Benâwy, 10 miles Southeast of Lachish.
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
Lib?nah, one of the royal cities of the Canaanites, taken by Joshua immediately after Makkedah (Jos_10:21; Jos_10:29). It lay within the territory assigned to Judah (Jos_15:42), and became one of the Levitical towns in that tribe (Jos_21:13; 1Ch_6:57). It was a strongly fortified place. The Assyrian King Sennacherib was detained some time before it when he invaded Judea in the time of Hezekiah; and it was before it that he sustained that dreadful stroke which constrained him to withdraw to his own country (2Ki_19:8; Isa_37:8). In the reign of King Jehoram, Libnah is said to have revolted from him (2Ki_8:22; 2Ch_21:10). Libnah existed as a village in the time of Eusebius and Jerome, and is placed by them in the district of Eleutheropolis.
The Popular Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature
by John Kitto.
Libnah
(Heb. Libnah', לַבְנָה, transparency, as in Exo_24:10), the name of two places. SEE SHIHOR-LIBNATH.
1. (Sept. Λεβωνᾶ v.r. Λεμωνᾶ.) The twenty-first station of the Israelites in the desert, between Rimmonparez and Rissah (Num_33:20-21); probably identical with LABAN (Deu_1:1), and perhaps situated near wady el-Ain, west of Kadesh-Barnea. SEE EXODE.
2. (Sept. Λεβνά, sometimes Λοβνά, occasionally Λοβνάν, and even Λεβονά.) One of the royal cities of the Canaanites (Jos_12:15), taken and destroyed by Joshua immediately after Makkedah and before Lachish (Jos_10:29-32; Jos_10:39). It lay in the plain within the territory assigned to Judah (Jos_15:42), and became one of the Levitical towns in that tribe, as well as an asylum (Jos_21:13; 1Ch_6:57). In the reign of king Jehoram, Libnah is said to have revolted from him (2Ki_8:22; 2Ch_21:10). From the circumstance of this revolt having happened at the same time with that of the Edomites, it has been supposed by some to have reference to another town of the same name situated in that country. But such a conjecture is unnecessary and improbable, for it appears that the Philistines and Arabians revolted at the same time (2Ch_21:16). Libnah of Judah rebelled because it refused to admit the idolatries of Jehoram; and it is not said in either of the passages in which this act is recorded, as of Edom, that it continued in revolt "unto this day." It may be inferred either that it was speedily reduced to obedience, or that, on the re-establishment of the true worship, it spontaneously returned to its allegiance, for we find it was the native place of the grandfather of two of the last kings of Judah (2Ki_23:31; 2Ki_24:18; Jer_52:1). It appears to have been a strongly fortified place, for the Assyrian king Sennacherib was detained some time before it when he invaded Judaea in the time of Hezekiah. SEE HEZEKIAH.
On completing or relinquishing the siege of Lachish which of the two is not quite certain Sennacherib laid siege to Libnah (2Ki_19:8; Isa_37:8). While there he was joined by Rabshakeh and the part of the army which had visited Jerusalem (2Ki_19:8; Isa_37:8), and received the intelligence of Tirhakah's approach; and it would appear that at Libnah the destruction of the Assyrian army took place, though the statements of Herodotus (2:141) and of Josephus (Ant. 10:1, 4) place it at Pelusium (see Rawlinson, Herod. 1:480). Libnah was the native place of Hamutal or Hamital, the Queen of Josiah, and mother of Jehoahaz (2Ki_23:31) and Zedekiah (24:18; Jer_52:1). It is in this connection that its name appears for the last time in the Bible. It existed as a village in the time of Eusebius and Jerome, and is placed by them in the district of Eleutheropolis (Onomast. s.v. Λοβανά; compare Josephus, Ant. 10:5, 2). Dr. Robinson was unable to discover the least trace of its site (Bib. Res. 2:389). Stanley inclines to find the site at Tell es-Safieh (Sinai and Pal. pages 207, 258); but this is probably Gath. Van de Velde suggests Arak el-Mensahiyeh, a hill about four miles west of Beit-jebrsin (Memoir, page 330), which seems to answer to the requirements of location. It stood near Lachish, west of Makkedah, and probably also west of Eleutheropolis (Keil, Comment. on Jos_10:29), and was situated in the district immediately west of the hill region, in the vicinity of Ether, Ashan, etc. (Jos_15:42).
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
(same as Libni)
Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary
LIBNAH.1. An unidentified station in the desert wanderings (Num_33:20). 2. A Canaanite city taken by Joshua after Makkedah and before Lachish (Jos_10:29 etc.), named between Arad and Adullam (Jos_12:16), and between Makkedah and Ether in the Shephçlah (Jos_15:42). It was given to the Levites (Jos_21:18, 1Ch_6:67). Taking advantage of an Edomite revolt, it rose against Judah under Joram (2Ki_8:22). It was besieged by Sennacherib (2Ki_19:8 = Isa_37:8). Hamutal, mother of Jehoahaz and Zedekiah, was a native of Libnah (2Ki_23:31; 2Ki_24:18, Jer_52:1). The district is clearly indicated, but the site is still unknown. Conder (PEFSt [Note: Quarterly Statement of the same.] , 1897, p. 69) suggests el-Benawy, 10 miles S.E. of Lachish (Tell el-Hesy).
W. Ewing.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
("whiteness".)
1. The Blanche Garde of the crusaders (Stanley). A city in the shephelah or low hills S.W. of Palestine, taken by Joshua, though not one of the leagued cities, because he would not leave so strong a city unsubdued in his rear, after destroying Makkedah on his way to Lachish. A priests' city with its "suburbs" (Jos_10:29-30; Jos_10:32-39; Jos_12:15; Jos_15:42; Jos_21:13). It revolted from Judah at the same time as Edom, in the reign of Jehoram, Jehoshaphat's son, "because he had forsaken the Lord God of his fathers" (2Ki_8:22; 2Ch_21:10-11). Its remoteness from the capital, which Jehoram had corrupted into idolatry, and the presence of the sacred ministers in it, made its people desire separation from the idolaters; hence its revolt, as the scripture quoted implies. The explanation of the revolt, though satisfactory, is one inferred from comparing independent scriptures (2Ch_21:10; 2Ki_8:18; Jos_15:42; Jos_21:13), an undesigned propriety confirming the truth.
After Lachish Sennacherib besieged Libnah, and there heard of what alarmed him, Tirhakah's advance (2Ki_19:8; Isa_37:8). Rabshakeh joined him there, and probably brought with him the portion of the Assyrian army which had been before Jerusalem. At Libnah near Egypt G. Rawlinson thinks the miraculous destruction of the Assyrian army took place: not at Jerusalem; so Jehovah's promise (Isa_37:33), "Sennacherib shall not come into this city, nor shoot an arrow there, nor come before it with shields "; then verse 36 will mean, "when they (Sennacherib and the surviving Assyrians) arose early in the morning, behold they (the smitten Assyrians) were all dead corpses." Herodotus (ii. 141) gives the Egyptian story, that Sennacherib retreated from Pelusium, the Egyptian gods having sent field mice which gnawed their bowstrings and shield straps, a corruption of Jehovah's promise above. Hamutal, Josiah's queen, mother of Jehoahaz and Zedekiah, was of Libnah (2Ki_23:31; 2Ki_24:18.)
E. Wilton identifies Libnah with Lebben, five miles S. of Gaza, near the northern bank of wady Sheriah, a good point from which Sennacherib could watch Tirhakah's advance from the Egyptian quarter. The smallness of the remains is due to the buildings having been of large sun-dried bricks, soon disintegrating, not stone. Condor (Palestine Exploration, July, 1875) identifies it with Belt Jibrin. Warren (Palestine Exploration, July, 1875) identifies Libnah with Ibna, a ruin on a hill at the sea coast, between Jaffa and Ashdod, and identical with Jabneel or Jabnab. As Libnah was a priests' town, so Jamnia became latterly the seat of the Sanhedrin and head quarters of Hebrew learning. Libnah (whiteness) perhaps is named from some natural feature, as white poplars; as Rithmah is from retem "the juniper." El Benawy is mentioned for it in Palestine Exploration Quarterly Statement, January, 1878, p. 19.
2. A station of Israel between Sinai and Kadesh, the fifth after Sinai. The Laban of Deu_1:1, near the Arabah and Elanitic gulf. Now el Beyaneh ("the distinct.," Arabic), part of the mountain plateau and valley W. of the Arabah.
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.
Lib'nah. (whiteness).
1. A royal city of the Canaanites, which lay in the southwest part of the Holy Land, taken by Joshua immediately after the rout of Beth-horon. It was near Lachish, west of Makkedah. It was appropriated with its "suburbs" to the priests. Jos_21:13; 1Ch_6:57. In the reign of Jehoram, the son of Jehoshaphat, it "revolted" from Judah at the same time with Edom. 2Ki_8:22; 2Ch_21:10. Probably, the modern Ayak el-Menshiyeh.
2. One of the stations, at which the Israelites encamped on their journey, between the wilderness of Sinai and Kadesh. Num_33:20-21.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863
a city in the southern part of the tribe of Judah, Jos_15:42, of which a cession was made to the priests for their habitation, and which was declared a city of refuge, 1Ch_6:57.
Biblical and Theological Dictionary by Richard Watson
PRINTER 1849.
lib?na (לבנה, libhnāh ?whiteness,? ?transparency,? ?pavement? (compare Exo_24:10 where לבנת, libhnath, is translated ?paved work? or a ?compact foundation?); Λεβνά, Lebná):
(1) A desert camp of the Israelites between Rimmon-perez and Rissah (Num_33:20, Num_33:21). Probably the same as Laban (Deu_1:1). See WANDERINGS OF ISRAEL.
(2) A town in the Shephelah of Judah (Jos_15:42). ?Joshua passed from Makkedah, and all Israel with him, unto Libnah, and fought against Libnah: and Yahweh delivered it also, and the king thereof, into the hand of Israel... And Joshua passed from Libnah, and all Israel with him, unto Lachish, and encamped against it, and fought against it? (Jos_10:29-31; Jos_12:15). It was one of the cities given to the ?children of Aaron? (Jos_21:13; 1Ch_6:57). In the reign of Joram, Libnah joined the Edomites in a revolt against the king of Judah (2Ki_8:22; 2Ch_21:10). In the reign of Hezekiah, Libnah was besieged by Sennacherib (2Ki_19:8; Isa_37:8). The wife of King Josiah was ?Hamutal the daughter of Jeremiah of Libnah,? she was the mother of Jehoahaz and Zedekiah (2Ki_23:31; 2Ki_24:18; Jer_52:1).
The site of this important stronghold remains unknown. In the Eusebius, Onomasticon it is described, under the name Lobana or Lobna, as near Eleutheropolis (Beit Jebrı̂n). All the indications point to a site in the Southwest of the Shephelah, not very far from Lachish. The Palestine Exploration Fund surveyors suggested (PEF, III, 259) the commanding site ‛Arāk el Menshı̂yeh, or rather the white chalky mound 250 ft. high to the North of this village, and Stanley proposed Tell eṣ Safi. (Both these identifications are due to the interpretation of Libnah as meaning ?whiteness.?) In the PEFS (1897, Sh XX) Conder suggests a ruin called el Benâwy, 10 miles Southeast of Lachish.
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
Lib?nah, one of the royal cities of the Canaanites, taken by Joshua immediately after Makkedah (Jos_10:21; Jos_10:29). It lay within the territory assigned to Judah (Jos_15:42), and became one of the Levitical towns in that tribe (Jos_21:13; 1Ch_6:57). It was a strongly fortified place. The Assyrian King Sennacherib was detained some time before it when he invaded Judea in the time of Hezekiah; and it was before it that he sustained that dreadful stroke which constrained him to withdraw to his own country (2Ki_19:8; Isa_37:8). In the reign of King Jehoram, Libnah is said to have revolted from him (2Ki_8:22; 2Ch_21:10). Libnah existed as a village in the time of Eusebius and Jerome, and is placed by them in the district of Eleutheropolis.
The Popular Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature
by John Kitto.
Libnah
(Heb. Libnah', לַבְנָה, transparency, as in Exo_24:10), the name of two places. SEE SHIHOR-LIBNATH.
1. (Sept. Λεβωνᾶ v.r. Λεμωνᾶ.) The twenty-first station of the Israelites in the desert, between Rimmonparez and Rissah (Num_33:20-21); probably identical with LABAN (Deu_1:1), and perhaps situated near wady el-Ain, west of Kadesh-Barnea. SEE EXODE.
2. (Sept. Λεβνά, sometimes Λοβνά, occasionally Λοβνάν, and even Λεβονά.) One of the royal cities of the Canaanites (Jos_12:15), taken and destroyed by Joshua immediately after Makkedah and before Lachish (Jos_10:29-32; Jos_10:39). It lay in the plain within the territory assigned to Judah (Jos_15:42), and became one of the Levitical towns in that tribe, as well as an asylum (Jos_21:13; 1Ch_6:57). In the reign of king Jehoram, Libnah is said to have revolted from him (2Ki_8:22; 2Ch_21:10). From the circumstance of this revolt having happened at the same time with that of the Edomites, it has been supposed by some to have reference to another town of the same name situated in that country. But such a conjecture is unnecessary and improbable, for it appears that the Philistines and Arabians revolted at the same time (2Ch_21:16). Libnah of Judah rebelled because it refused to admit the idolatries of Jehoram; and it is not said in either of the passages in which this act is recorded, as of Edom, that it continued in revolt "unto this day." It may be inferred either that it was speedily reduced to obedience, or that, on the re-establishment of the true worship, it spontaneously returned to its allegiance, for we find it was the native place of the grandfather of two of the last kings of Judah (2Ki_23:31; 2Ki_24:18; Jer_52:1). It appears to have been a strongly fortified place, for the Assyrian king Sennacherib was detained some time before it when he invaded Judaea in the time of Hezekiah. SEE HEZEKIAH.
On completing or relinquishing the siege of Lachish which of the two is not quite certain Sennacherib laid siege to Libnah (2Ki_19:8; Isa_37:8). While there he was joined by Rabshakeh and the part of the army which had visited Jerusalem (2Ki_19:8; Isa_37:8), and received the intelligence of Tirhakah's approach; and it would appear that at Libnah the destruction of the Assyrian army took place, though the statements of Herodotus (2:141) and of Josephus (Ant. 10:1, 4) place it at Pelusium (see Rawlinson, Herod. 1:480). Libnah was the native place of Hamutal or Hamital, the Queen of Josiah, and mother of Jehoahaz (2Ki_23:31) and Zedekiah (24:18; Jer_52:1). It is in this connection that its name appears for the last time in the Bible. It existed as a village in the time of Eusebius and Jerome, and is placed by them in the district of Eleutheropolis (Onomast. s.v. Λοβανά; compare Josephus, Ant. 10:5, 2). Dr. Robinson was unable to discover the least trace of its site (Bib. Res. 2:389). Stanley inclines to find the site at Tell es-Safieh (Sinai and Pal. pages 207, 258); but this is probably Gath. Van de Velde suggests Arak el-Mensahiyeh, a hill about four miles west of Beit-jebrsin (Memoir, page 330), which seems to answer to the requirements of location. It stood near Lachish, west of Makkedah, and probably also west of Eleutheropolis (Keil, Comment. on Jos_10:29), and was situated in the district immediately west of the hill region, in the vicinity of Ether, Ashan, etc. (Jos_15:42).
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
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