Lycaonia

VIEW:42 DATA:01-04-2020
she-wol?
Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary


LYCAONIA meant originally the country inhabited by the Lycaones, a central tribe of Asia Minor. It is for the most part a level plain, which is merged on the north and east in the plains of Galatia and Cappadocia, and is bounded on the west and south by hills. It was and is an excellent country for pasturage. Its exact boundaries varied at different times. At some uncertain date a part of Lycaonia, containing fourteen cities, of which Iconium was one, was transferred to Galatia. (See Iconium.) Lycaonia was part of the Seleucid Empire until b.c. 190. Later the whole or part of it belonged successively to the Pergamenian kings, the Galatians, Cappadocia, and Pontus. At the settlement of b.c. 64 by Pompey, the north part was added to Galatia, the south-east to Cappadocia, and the west was added to the Roman Empire, to be administered by the governor of the Roman province Cilicia. In b.c. 39 Mark Antony gave the western part (including Lystra and Iconium) to Polemon, but in b.c. 36 it was transferred to Amyntas along with Galatia proper. (See Galatia.) Amyntas conquered Derbe and Laranda, which were incorporated in the Roman Empire when Amyntas’ kingdom was made into the province Galatia in b.c. 25. In a.d. 37 Eastern Lycaonia, which up to that time had continued under the weak Cappadocian rule, was placed under Antiochus of Commagene, along with most of Cilicia Tracheia, and got the name Lycaonia Antiochiana.
Under Claudius and Nero, when St. Paul visited the churches of South Galatia, Lycaonia included the two parts, the Roman and Antiochian. The former part included Lystra and Derbe and a number of smaller places, and it is correctly described in Act_14:6. The Apostles, when persecuted at Iconium in Phrygia (or the Phrygian district of the vast province Galatia), crossed into Lycaonia (another district of the same province). In Act_16:1-4 this territory is not explicitly named, but its two cities are mentioned by name. In Act_18:23 the same cities are included in the expression used.
Both parts of Lycaonia were comprised in the united province of Galatia-Cappadocia under Vespasian and his sons (a.d. 70 onwards). They were again divided by Trajan in 106. About a.d. 137 ‘the triple eparchy’ was formed, consisting of Cilicia, Lycaonia, and Isauria.
The name of the Lycaonins is not mentioned in the Bible, but their language is in Act_14:11 : it was no doubt prevalent in the villages and smaller towns.
A collection of Christian inscriptions (of 3rd cent. a.d. and later) has been discovered in Lycaonia, which for numbers cannot be matched in any other Eastern province. They show the wide diffusion of Christianity in this district evangelized by St. Paul.
A. Souter.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909


A province in the S. of Asia Minor, having Galatia on the N., Cappadocia E., Pisidia and Phrygia W., Cilicia S. A bare tableland without trees or lakes of fresh water (but many salt lakes), only fit for sheep pasture. "The speech of Lycaonia" was probably a corrupt mixture of Greek and Syriac; the people's objects of worship were those of the Greeks and Romans, Mercury and Jupiter, whose visit to this quarter is one of Ovid's fables (Metam. 8:626). At Lystra in the center of the region Paul delivered his address, admirably suited to his audience (Act_14:15-17). Iconium was far on the W. toward Antioch in Pisidia; Derbe was on the E. of Lystra, toward the pass from Cilicia up through Taurus to the central tableland (Act_14:1; Act_14:6). Paul on his first journey passed through Lycaonia from W. to E., then back the reverse way E. to W. (Act_14:21; 2Ti_3:11.) At his second journey he passed from E. to W. through Lycaonia to Troas (Act_16:1-8); on the third, in the same direction, to Ephesus (Act_18:23; Act_19:1).
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.


Lycao'nia. (land of Lycanon, or wolf land). A district of Asia Minor. From what is said in Act_14:11 of "the speech of Lycaonia," it is evident that the inhabitants of the district, in St. Paul's day, spoke something very different from ordinary Greek. Whether the language was some Syrian dialect, or a corrupt form of Greek, has been much debated. The fact that the Lycaonians were familiar with the Greek mythology is consistent with either supposition.
Lycaonia is for the most part a dreary plain, bare of trees, destitute of fresh water, and with several salt lakes. (It was about 20 miles long from east to west, and 13 miles wide. "Cappadocia is on the east, Galatia on the north, Phrygia on the west and Cilicia on the south." Among its chief cities are Derbe, Lystra and Iconium. ? Editor).
After the provincial system of Rome had embraced the whole of Asia Minor, the boundaries of the provinces were variable; and Lycaonia was, politically, sometimes in Cappadocia, sometimes in Galatia. Paul visited it three times in his missionary tours.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863


a province of Asia Minor, accounted a part of Cappadocia, having Pisidia on the west, and Cilicia on the south. In it were the cities of Iconium, Lystra, and Derbe, mentioned in the travels of St. Paul. The former was the capital, and the country itself at that time a Roman province. The “speech of Lycaonia,” mentioned Act_14:11, is supposed to have been a corrupt Greek, intermingled with many oriental words.
Biblical and Theological Dictionary by Richard Watson
PRINTER 1849.


Originally, Lycaonia was a small kingdom in Asia Minor. When the Romans incorporated Asia Minor into their Empire, they drew new boundaries and Lycaonia was split between the provinces of Galatia, Cappadocia and Cilicia. It is the Galatian part of Lycaonia that is referred to in the New Testament account of Paul’s first missionary journey. Paul established churches in the Lycaonian towns of Lystra and Derbe, and these were among the churches that he addressed in his letter to the Galatians (Act_14:6). Although the local people spoke Greek, the chief language of the Roman Empire, they continued to use their own Lycaonian language (Act_14:11).
Bridgeway Bible Dictionary by Don Fleming
PRINTER 1990.


lik-a-ō?ni-a, lı̄-ka-ō?ni-a (Λυκαονία, Lukaonı́a (Act_14:6), Λυκασνιστί, Lukaonistı́, (Act_14:11, ?in the speech of Lycaonia?); Lycaonia is meant, according to the South Galatian view, by the expression τὴν Γαλατικὴν χώραν, tḗn Galatikḗn chṓran, in Act_18:23, and the incidents in Act_16:1-4 belong to Lycaonia): Was a country in the central and southern part of Asia Minor whose boundaries and extent varied at different periods. In the time of Paul, it was bounded on the North by Galatia proper (but lay in the Roman province Galatia), on the East by Cappadocia, on the South by Cilicia Tracheia, and on the West by Pisidia and Phrygia. The boundary of Phrygia and Lycaonia passed between Iconium and Lystra (see ICONIUM). Lycaonia consists of a level plain, waterless and treeless, rising at its southern fringe for some distance into the foothills of Taurus, and broken on its eastern side by the volcanic mass of Kara-Dagh and by many smaller hills. Strabo informs us that King Amyntas of Galatia fed many flocks of sheep on the Lycaonian plain. Much of the northern portion of Lycaonia has been proved by recent discovery to have belonged to the Roman emperors, who inherited the crown lands of Amyntas.
In Act_14:6 Lycaonia is summed up as consisting of the cities of Lystra and Derbe and the district (including many villages) lying around them. This description refers to a particular division of Lycaonia, which alone is mentioned in the Bible. In the time of Paul, Lycaonia consisted of two parts, a western and an eastern. The western part was a ?region? or subdivision of the Roman province Galatia; the eastern was called Lycaonia Antiochiana, after Antiochus of Commagene under whom it had been placed in 37 AD. This non-Roman portion was traversed by Paul; but nothing is recorded of his journey through it (see DERBE). It included the important city of Laranda; and when Lycaonia is described as consisting of the cities of Lystra and Derbe and the surrounding district, the writer is clearly thinking only of the western portion of Lycaonia, which lay in, and formed a ?region? of, the province Galatia. This is the tract of country which is meant in Act_18:23, where it is called the ?region? of Galatia, and placed side by side with Phrygia, another region of Galatia. The province Galatia was divided into districts technically known as ?regions,? and Roman Lycaonia is called the ?region of Galatia? in implied contrast with Antiochian Lycaonia, which lay outside the Roman province. Of the language of Lycaonia. (see LYSTRA) nothing survives except some personal and place names, which are discussed in Kretschmar's Einleitung in die Gesch. der griech. Sprache.

Literature.
Ramsay, Historical Commentary on Galatians (Introduction); Sterrett, Wolfe Expedition (inscriptions).

International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.


Lycao?nia, a province of Asia Minor, having Cappadocia on the east, Galatia on the north, Phrygia on the west, and Isauria and Cilicia on the south. It extends in length about twenty geographical miles from east to west, and about thirteen in breadth. It was an undulating plain, involved among mountains, which were noted for the concourse of wild-asses. The soil was so strongly impregnated with salt that few of the brooks supplied drinkable water, so that good water was sold for money. But sheep throve on the pasturage, and were reared with great advantage. It was a Roman province when visited by Paul (Act_14:6), and its chief towns were Iconium, Lystra, and Derbe, of which the first was the capital. 'The speech of Lycaonia' (Act_14:11) is supposed by some to have been the ancient Assyrian language, also spoken by the Cappadocians; but it is more usually conceived to have been a corrupt Greek, intermingled with many Syriac words.




The Popular Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature
by John Kitto.


Lycaonia
(Λυκαονία, either from the mythological name Lycaön, or from λύκος, a wof ), a province of Asia Minor, having Cappadocia on the east, Galatia on the north, Phrygia on the west, and Isauria and Cilicia on the south. These boundaries, however, are differently described by ancient authors (Ptolemy, 6:16; 5:6; Pliny, 5:25; Strabo, 14:663; Livy, 38:38). It extends in length about twenty geographical miles from east to west, and about thirteen in breadth. It was an undulating plain, involved among mountains, which were noted for the concourse of wild asses. The soil was so strongly impregnated with salt that few of the brooks supplied drinkable water, so that good water was sold for money; but sheep throve on the pasturage, and were reared with great advantage (Strabo, 12:568; Pliny, Hist. Nat. 8:69). Lycaonia first appears in history in connection with the expedition of Cyrus the younger (Xenophon, Anab. 1:2,19; 3:2, 23; Cyrop. 6:2, 20). The inhabitants were a hardy race, not subject to the Persians. and lived by plunder and foray (Dionysitus, Per. 857; Prisc. 806; Avien. 1020). With these descriptions modern authors agree (Leake's Journal, page 67 sq.; Rennel, Geog. of West. Asia, 2:99; Cramer, As. Min. 2:63; Mannert, Geog. VI, 2:190 sq.). It was a Roman province when visited by Pau. (Act_14:6), and its chief towns were Iconium, Lystra, and Derbe, of which the first was the capital (see Smith's Dict. of Class. Geog. s.v.). "The speech of Lycaonia" (Act_14:11) is supposed by some to have been the ancient Assyrian language, also spoken by the Cappadocians (Jablonsky, Disquis. de Lingua Lycaonica, Berlin, 1714; also in his Opusc. 3:3 sq.); but it is more usually conceived to have been a corrupt Greek, intermingled with many Syriac words (Guhling, Dissesrt. de Lingua Lycaonica, Viteb. 1726), since the people appear, from the account in the Acts, to have adopted the Grecian mythology as the basis of their religion (see Sommel, De Lingua Lyc. Lond. 1787). "It is deeply interesting to see these rude country people, when Paul and Barnabas worked miracles among them, rushing to the conclusion that the strangers were Mercury and Jupiter, whose visit to this very neighborhood forms the subject of one of Ovid's, most charming stories (Ovid, Metam. 8:626). Nor can we fail to notice how admirably Paul's address on the occasion was adapted to a simple and imperfectly civilized race (Act_14:15-17). See Bomer, De Paulo in Lycaonia (Lips. 1708). SEE ASIA MINOR; SEE PAUL.

CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.





Norway

FACEBOOK

Participe de nossa rede facebook.com/osreformadoresdasaude

Novidades, e respostas das perguntas de nossos colaboradores

Comments   2

BUSCADAVERDADE

Visite o nosso canal youtube.com/buscadaverdade e se INSCREVA agora mesmo! Lá temos uma diversidade de temas interessantes sobre: Saúde, Receitas Saudáveis, Benefícios dos Alimentos, Benefícios das Vitaminas e Sais Minerais... Dê uma olhadinha, você vai gostar! E não se esqueça, dê o seu like e se INSCREVA! Clique abaixo e vá direto ao canal!


Saiba Mais

  • Image Nutrição
    Vegetarianismo e a Vitamina B12
  • Image Receita
    Como preparar a Proteína Vegetal Texturizada
  • Image Arqueologia
    Livro de Enoque é um livro profético?
  • Image Profecia
    O que ocorrerá no Armagedom?

Tags