Annas
VIEW:59 DATA:01-04-2020
one who answers; humble
Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary
ANNAS.1. High priest from a.d. 6 to 15, an astute and powerful ecclesiastical statesman. At the time of our Lords trial he was merely high priest emeritus, and his son-in-law Caiaphas, the acting high priest, presided ex officio over the meeting of the Sanhedrin (Joh_18:24, Mat_26:67). Nevertheless, since the high priest emeritus retained not only his title (cf. Joh_18:15-16; Joh_18:19; Joh_18:22, Act_4:6), but all his obligations and many of his prerogatives, it is not surprising that the masterful Annas took an active and independent part in the proceedings. After Jesus arrest at dead of night, they led him to Annas first (Joh_18:13). The Sanhedrin might not meet until daybreak, and the interval seemed well employed in a preliminary examination of the prisoner by the skilful veteran (Joh_18:12; Joh_18:19-23). Subsequently be took part also in the trial of Peter and John (Act_4:6). 2. 1Es_9:32 = Ezr_10:31 Harim.
David Smith.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
Son of Seth. Appointed A.D. 7, in his 37th year, to the high priesthood by Quirinius, the imperial governor of Syria; obliged to give way to Ismael by Valerius Gratus, procurator of Judaea, in the beginning of Tiberius' reign, A.D. 14. Eleazar, son of Annas, followed Ismael; then Simon; then Joseph Caiaphas, son-in-law of Annas (Joh_18:13.) He remained until A.D. 37. Annas is put before Caiaphas, and both are called "high priests (Luk_3:2). Jesus' case was first heard before Annas, who virtually wielded the high priest's power, and perhaps was sagan, the high priest's deputy; then He was tried before Caiaphas. Annas probably was president of the Sanhedrin, Caiaphas actually high priest. But in Act_4:6 Annas is called "high priest," Caiaphas, John, and Alexander are called "of his kindred." He lived to old age, and had five sons high priests.
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.
Annas. (humble). The son of one Seth was appointed high priest, A.D. 7, by Quirinus, the imperial governor of Syria, but was obliged by Valerius Gratus, procurator of Judea, to give way to Ismael, son of Phabi, at the beginning of the reign of Tiberius, A.D. 14. About A.D. 25, Joseph Caiaphas, son-in-law of Annas, became high priest, Joh_18:13, but in Luk_3:2, Annas and Caiaphas are both called high priests.
Our Lord's first hearing, Joh_18:13, was before Annas, who then sent him bound to Caiaphas. Some maintain that the two, Annas and Caiaphas, were together at the head of the Jewish people, Caiaphas as actual high priest, Annas as resident of the Sanhedrin. Act_4:6. Others again suppose that Annas held the office of sagin, or substitute of the high priest; others still that Annas held the title and was really the ruling power. He lived to old age, having had five sons high priests.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863
or ANANUS, as Josephus calls him, was the son of Seth, and high priest of the Jews. He succeeded Joazar, the son of Simon, enjoyed the high priesthood eleven years, and was succeeded by Ishmael, the son of Phabi. After he was deposed, he still preserved the title of high priest, and had a great share in the management of public affairs. He is called high priest in conjunction with Caiaphas, when John the Baptist entered upon the exercise of his mission; though Calmet thinks that at that time he did not, strictly speaking, possess or officiate in that character, Luk_3:2. On the contrary, Macknight and some others are of opinion, that at this time Caiaphas was only the deputy of Annas. He was father-in-law to Caiaphas; and Jesus Christ was carried before him, directly after his seizure in the garden of Olives, Joh_18:13. Josephus remarks, that Annas was considered as one of the happiest men of his nation, for five of his sons were high priests, and he himself possessed that great dignity many years. This was an instance of good fortune which, till that time, had happened to no person.
Biblical and Theological Dictionary by Richard Watson
PRINTER 1849.
an?as (Ἄννας, Ánnas; Westcott and Hort, The New Testament in Greek Hannas; Josephus Ananos, the Greek form of Hebrew חנן, ḥānān; ?merciful,? ?gracious?; compare Neh_8:7, etc.):
(1) A high priest of the Jews, the virtual head of the priestly party in Jerusalem in the time of Christ, a man of commanding influence. He was the son of Seth (Josephus: Sethi), and was elevated to the high-priesthood by Quirinius, governor of Syria, 7 ad. At this period the office was filled and vacated at the caprice of the Roman procurators, and Annas was deposed by Valerius Gratus, 15 ad. But though deprived of official status, he continued to wield great power as the dominant member of the hierarchy, using members of his family as his willing instruments. That he was an adroit diplomatist is shown by the fact that five of his sons (Ant., XX, ix, 1) and his son-in-law Caiaphas (Joh_18:13) held the high-priesthood in almost unbroken succession, though he did not survive to see the office filled by his fifth son Annas or Ananus II, who caused Jas the Lord's brother to be stoned to death (circa 62 ad). Another mark of his continued influence is, that long after he had lost his office he was still called ?high priest,? and his name appears first wherever the names of the chief members of the sacerdotal faction are given. Act_4:6, ?And Annas the high priest was there, and Caiaphas, and John, and Alexander, and as many as were of the kindred of the high priest.? Annas is almost certainly called high priest in Joh_18:19, Joh_18:22, though in Joh_18:13, Joh_18:24 Caiaphas is mentioned as the high priest. Note especially the remarkable phrase in Luk_3:2, ?in the high-priesthood of Annas and Caiaphas,? as if they were joint holders of the office. The cases In which Josephus gives the title ?high-priest? to persons who no longer held the office afford no real parallel to this. The explanation seems to be that owing to age, ability and force of character Annas was the virtual, though Caiaphas the titular, high priest. He belonged to the Sadducean aristocracy, and, like others of that class, he seems to have been arrogant, astute, ambitious and enormously wealthy. He and his family were proverbial for their rapacity and greed. The chief source of their wealth seems to have been the sale of requisites for the temple sacrifices, such as sheep, doves, wine and oil, which they carried on in the four famous ?booths of the sons of Annas? on the Mount of Olives, with a branch within the precincts of the temple itself. During the great feasts, they were able to extort high monopoly prices for theft goods. Hence, our Lord's strong denunciation of those who made the house of prayer ?a den of robbers? (Mar_11:15-19), and the curse in the Talmud, ?Woe to the family of Annas! Woe to the serpent-like hisses? (Pes 57a). As to the part he played in the trial and death of our Lord, although he does not figure very prominently in the gospel narratives, he seems to have been mainly responsible for the course of events. Renan's emphatic statement is substantially correct, ?Annas was the principal actor in the terrible drama, and far more than Caiaphas, far more than Pilate, ought to bear the weight of the maledictions of mankind? (Life of Jesus). Caiaphas, indeed, as actual high priest, was the nominal head of the Sanhedrin which condemned Jesus, but the aged Annas was the ruling spirit. According to Joh_18:12, Joh_18:13, it was to him that the officers who arrested Jesus led Him first. ?The reason given for that proceeding (?for he was father-in-law of Caiaphas?) lays open alike the character of the man and the character of the trial? (Westcott, in the place cited). Annas (if he is the high priest of Joh_18:19-23, as seems most likely) questioned Him concerning His disciples and teaching. This trial is not mentioned by the synoptists, probably because it was merely informal and preliminary and of a private nature, meant to gather material for the subsequent trial. Failing to elicit anything to his purpose from Jesus, ?Annas therefore sent him bound unto Caiaphas the high priest? (Joh_18:24 the King James Version is incorrect and misleading) for formal trial before the Sanhedrin, ?but as one already stamped with a sign of condemnation? (Westcott). Doubtless Annas was present at the subsequent proceedings, but no further mention is made of him in New Testament, except that he was present at the meeting of the Sanhedrin after Pentecost when Peter and John defended themselves for preaching the gospel of the resurrection (Act_4:6).
(2) Head of a family who returned with Ezra (1 Esdras 9:32), called ?Harim? in Ezr_10:31.
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
Annas
(῎Αννας, probably a contracted form of the name Ananiah in its Greek form, ῎Ανανος), a highpriest of the Jews mentioned in Luke (3, 2) as being high-priest along with Caiaphas his son-in-law. Our Lord's first hearing (Joh_18:13) was before Annas, who then sent him bound to Caiaphas. In Act_4:6, he is plainly called the high-priest, and Caiaphas merely named with others of his family. He is called by Josephus Ananus (q.v.) the son of Seth; and was first appointed to that office in his 37th year by Quirinus, proconsul of Syria, about A.D. 7 (Ant. 18, 2, 1), but was afterward deprived of it by Valerius Gratus, procurator of Judaea (A.D. 14), who gave the office first to Ismael the son of Phabaeus, and a short time after to Eleazar the son of Annas (Josephus, Ant. 18, 2, 1 and 2). He held the office one year, and was then succeeded by Simon the son of Camithus, who, after another year, was followed by Joseph, also called Caiaphas, the son-in-law of Annas, A.D. ante 27, who continued in office until A.D. 37. In the passages of the New Testament above cited, therefore, it is apparent that Caiaphas was the only actual and proper high- priest; but Annas, being his father-in-law, and having been formerly himself high-priest, and being also perhaps his substitute (sagan), had great influence and authority, and could with great propriety be still termed high- priest along with Caiaphas. (See Anger, De temp. p. 185: Lightfoot, Hor. Hebrews p. 744 sq.; Rus, Harmon. Evang. 1, 313 sq.; III, 2:962 sq.; Vitringa, Observ. Sacr. 6, 529 sq.; Casaubon, Exerc. antibar. p. 216 sq.; Wieseler, Chronol. Synops. p. 186 sq.; Selden, De Synedriis, 2, 655; Saubert, De Sacerdotio Ebrceor. 1, 5; Kuinol, Comment. on Luk_3:2.) SEE HIGH-PRIEST. He died at an advanced age, and was succeeded by his first son in the sacerdotal dignity (Josephus, Ant. 20, 9, 1).
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary
ANNAS.1. High priest from a.d. 6 to 15, an astute and powerful ecclesiastical statesman. At the time of our Lords trial he was merely high priest emeritus, and his son-in-law Caiaphas, the acting high priest, presided ex officio over the meeting of the Sanhedrin (Joh_18:24, Mat_26:67). Nevertheless, since the high priest emeritus retained not only his title (cf. Joh_18:15-16; Joh_18:19; Joh_18:22, Act_4:6), but all his obligations and many of his prerogatives, it is not surprising that the masterful Annas took an active and independent part in the proceedings. After Jesus arrest at dead of night, they led him to Annas first (Joh_18:13). The Sanhedrin might not meet until daybreak, and the interval seemed well employed in a preliminary examination of the prisoner by the skilful veteran (Joh_18:12; Joh_18:19-23). Subsequently be took part also in the trial of Peter and John (Act_4:6). 2. 1Es_9:32 = Ezr_10:31 Harim.
David Smith.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
Son of Seth. Appointed A.D. 7, in his 37th year, to the high priesthood by Quirinius, the imperial governor of Syria; obliged to give way to Ismael by Valerius Gratus, procurator of Judaea, in the beginning of Tiberius' reign, A.D. 14. Eleazar, son of Annas, followed Ismael; then Simon; then Joseph Caiaphas, son-in-law of Annas (Joh_18:13.) He remained until A.D. 37. Annas is put before Caiaphas, and both are called "high priests (Luk_3:2). Jesus' case was first heard before Annas, who virtually wielded the high priest's power, and perhaps was sagan, the high priest's deputy; then He was tried before Caiaphas. Annas probably was president of the Sanhedrin, Caiaphas actually high priest. But in Act_4:6 Annas is called "high priest," Caiaphas, John, and Alexander are called "of his kindred." He lived to old age, and had five sons high priests.
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.
Annas. (humble). The son of one Seth was appointed high priest, A.D. 7, by Quirinus, the imperial governor of Syria, but was obliged by Valerius Gratus, procurator of Judea, to give way to Ismael, son of Phabi, at the beginning of the reign of Tiberius, A.D. 14. About A.D. 25, Joseph Caiaphas, son-in-law of Annas, became high priest, Joh_18:13, but in Luk_3:2, Annas and Caiaphas are both called high priests.
Our Lord's first hearing, Joh_18:13, was before Annas, who then sent him bound to Caiaphas. Some maintain that the two, Annas and Caiaphas, were together at the head of the Jewish people, Caiaphas as actual high priest, Annas as resident of the Sanhedrin. Act_4:6. Others again suppose that Annas held the office of sagin, or substitute of the high priest; others still that Annas held the title and was really the ruling power. He lived to old age, having had five sons high priests.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863
or ANANUS, as Josephus calls him, was the son of Seth, and high priest of the Jews. He succeeded Joazar, the son of Simon, enjoyed the high priesthood eleven years, and was succeeded by Ishmael, the son of Phabi. After he was deposed, he still preserved the title of high priest, and had a great share in the management of public affairs. He is called high priest in conjunction with Caiaphas, when John the Baptist entered upon the exercise of his mission; though Calmet thinks that at that time he did not, strictly speaking, possess or officiate in that character, Luk_3:2. On the contrary, Macknight and some others are of opinion, that at this time Caiaphas was only the deputy of Annas. He was father-in-law to Caiaphas; and Jesus Christ was carried before him, directly after his seizure in the garden of Olives, Joh_18:13. Josephus remarks, that Annas was considered as one of the happiest men of his nation, for five of his sons were high priests, and he himself possessed that great dignity many years. This was an instance of good fortune which, till that time, had happened to no person.
Biblical and Theological Dictionary by Richard Watson
PRINTER 1849.
an?as (Ἄννας, Ánnas; Westcott and Hort, The New Testament in Greek Hannas; Josephus Ananos, the Greek form of Hebrew חנן, ḥānān; ?merciful,? ?gracious?; compare Neh_8:7, etc.):
(1) A high priest of the Jews, the virtual head of the priestly party in Jerusalem in the time of Christ, a man of commanding influence. He was the son of Seth (Josephus: Sethi), and was elevated to the high-priesthood by Quirinius, governor of Syria, 7 ad. At this period the office was filled and vacated at the caprice of the Roman procurators, and Annas was deposed by Valerius Gratus, 15 ad. But though deprived of official status, he continued to wield great power as the dominant member of the hierarchy, using members of his family as his willing instruments. That he was an adroit diplomatist is shown by the fact that five of his sons (Ant., XX, ix, 1) and his son-in-law Caiaphas (Joh_18:13) held the high-priesthood in almost unbroken succession, though he did not survive to see the office filled by his fifth son Annas or Ananus II, who caused Jas the Lord's brother to be stoned to death (circa 62 ad). Another mark of his continued influence is, that long after he had lost his office he was still called ?high priest,? and his name appears first wherever the names of the chief members of the sacerdotal faction are given. Act_4:6, ?And Annas the high priest was there, and Caiaphas, and John, and Alexander, and as many as were of the kindred of the high priest.? Annas is almost certainly called high priest in Joh_18:19, Joh_18:22, though in Joh_18:13, Joh_18:24 Caiaphas is mentioned as the high priest. Note especially the remarkable phrase in Luk_3:2, ?in the high-priesthood of Annas and Caiaphas,? as if they were joint holders of the office. The cases In which Josephus gives the title ?high-priest? to persons who no longer held the office afford no real parallel to this. The explanation seems to be that owing to age, ability and force of character Annas was the virtual, though Caiaphas the titular, high priest. He belonged to the Sadducean aristocracy, and, like others of that class, he seems to have been arrogant, astute, ambitious and enormously wealthy. He and his family were proverbial for their rapacity and greed. The chief source of their wealth seems to have been the sale of requisites for the temple sacrifices, such as sheep, doves, wine and oil, which they carried on in the four famous ?booths of the sons of Annas? on the Mount of Olives, with a branch within the precincts of the temple itself. During the great feasts, they were able to extort high monopoly prices for theft goods. Hence, our Lord's strong denunciation of those who made the house of prayer ?a den of robbers? (Mar_11:15-19), and the curse in the Talmud, ?Woe to the family of Annas! Woe to the serpent-like hisses? (Pes 57a). As to the part he played in the trial and death of our Lord, although he does not figure very prominently in the gospel narratives, he seems to have been mainly responsible for the course of events. Renan's emphatic statement is substantially correct, ?Annas was the principal actor in the terrible drama, and far more than Caiaphas, far more than Pilate, ought to bear the weight of the maledictions of mankind? (Life of Jesus). Caiaphas, indeed, as actual high priest, was the nominal head of the Sanhedrin which condemned Jesus, but the aged Annas was the ruling spirit. According to Joh_18:12, Joh_18:13, it was to him that the officers who arrested Jesus led Him first. ?The reason given for that proceeding (?for he was father-in-law of Caiaphas?) lays open alike the character of the man and the character of the trial? (Westcott, in the place cited). Annas (if he is the high priest of Joh_18:19-23, as seems most likely) questioned Him concerning His disciples and teaching. This trial is not mentioned by the synoptists, probably because it was merely informal and preliminary and of a private nature, meant to gather material for the subsequent trial. Failing to elicit anything to his purpose from Jesus, ?Annas therefore sent him bound unto Caiaphas the high priest? (Joh_18:24 the King James Version is incorrect and misleading) for formal trial before the Sanhedrin, ?but as one already stamped with a sign of condemnation? (Westcott). Doubtless Annas was present at the subsequent proceedings, but no further mention is made of him in New Testament, except that he was present at the meeting of the Sanhedrin after Pentecost when Peter and John defended themselves for preaching the gospel of the resurrection (Act_4:6).
(2) Head of a family who returned with Ezra (1 Esdras 9:32), called ?Harim? in Ezr_10:31.
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
Annas
(῎Αννας, probably a contracted form of the name Ananiah in its Greek form, ῎Ανανος), a highpriest of the Jews mentioned in Luke (3, 2) as being high-priest along with Caiaphas his son-in-law. Our Lord's first hearing (Joh_18:13) was before Annas, who then sent him bound to Caiaphas. In Act_4:6, he is plainly called the high-priest, and Caiaphas merely named with others of his family. He is called by Josephus Ananus (q.v.) the son of Seth; and was first appointed to that office in his 37th year by Quirinus, proconsul of Syria, about A.D. 7 (Ant. 18, 2, 1), but was afterward deprived of it by Valerius Gratus, procurator of Judaea (A.D. 14), who gave the office first to Ismael the son of Phabaeus, and a short time after to Eleazar the son of Annas (Josephus, Ant. 18, 2, 1 and 2). He held the office one year, and was then succeeded by Simon the son of Camithus, who, after another year, was followed by Joseph, also called Caiaphas, the son-in-law of Annas, A.D. ante 27, who continued in office until A.D. 37. In the passages of the New Testament above cited, therefore, it is apparent that Caiaphas was the only actual and proper high- priest; but Annas, being his father-in-law, and having been formerly himself high-priest, and being also perhaps his substitute (sagan), had great influence and authority, and could with great propriety be still termed high- priest along with Caiaphas. (See Anger, De temp. p. 185: Lightfoot, Hor. Hebrews p. 744 sq.; Rus, Harmon. Evang. 1, 313 sq.; III, 2:962 sq.; Vitringa, Observ. Sacr. 6, 529 sq.; Casaubon, Exerc. antibar. p. 216 sq.; Wieseler, Chronol. Synops. p. 186 sq.; Selden, De Synedriis, 2, 655; Saubert, De Sacerdotio Ebrceor. 1, 5; Kuinol, Comment. on Luk_3:2.) SEE HIGH-PRIEST. He died at an advanced age, and was succeeded by his first son in the sacerdotal dignity (Josephus, Ant. 20, 9, 1).
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
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