Mattock

VIEW:23 DATA:01-04-2020

MATTOCK.—The mattock of Isa_7:25 is rather the hoe with which land inaccessible to the plough was hoed—noun and verb being the same here, cf. Isa_5:6 RV [Note: Revised Version.] ‘hoed’ for AV [Note: Authorized Version.] ‘digged.’ For descriptions and illustrations of the triangular hoe and the mattock, or pick, of modern Palestine, see PEFSt [Note: Quarterly Statement of the same.] , 1901, p. 110 f., and Hastings’ DB [Note: Dictionary of the Bible.] iii. 306. The passage 1Sa_13:20 f. is very corrupt, and in 1Sa_13:20 at least’ mattock’ should probably be ‘goad.’ The same applies to 2Ch_34:6, where AVm [Note: Authorized Version margin.] suggests ‘mauls,’ and RV [Note: Revised Version.] has ‘ruins.’
A. R. S. Kennedy.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909

Isa_7:25. A single headed pickax or hoe, for loosening the ground.
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.

Mattock. Isa_7:25. The tool used in Arabia for loosening the ground, described by Neibuhr, answers generally to our mattock or grubbing-axe, that is, a single-headed pickaxe. The ancient Egyptian hoe was of wood, and answered for hoe, spade and pick.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863

mat?ok: The translation of 3 Hebrew words: (1) מחרשה, maḥărēshāh, probably ?a pick-axe? (1Sa_13:20, 1Sa_13:21; compare 1Sa_13:21 margin); (2) חרב, ḥerebh, ?sword,? ?ax,? ?tool? (2Ch_34:6 the King James Version, ?with their mattocks,? the King James Version margin ?mauls,? the Revised Version (British and American) ?in their ruins,? the Revised Version margin ?with their axes?); (3) מעדּר, ma‛dēr, ?a hoe,? ?rake,? ?chopping instrument? (Isa_7:25). Vines were usually grown on terraces on the hills of Palestine, and then the mattock was in constant use. The usual mattock is a pick with one end broad, the other pointed.

International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.

Mattock
an old English name for an agricultural implement like a pickaxe with a wide point, for grubbing up and digging out roots and stones, is the rendering adopted in the Auth. Vers. for three Hebrew words. מִעְדֵּר(mader', an instrument for dressing or pruning a vineyard; occurs only in Isa_7:25) denotes a weeding-hook or hoe; מִחֲרֵשָׁה(machareshah', 1Sa_13:20) and מִחֲרֶשֶׁת(machare'sheth, “share,” 1Sa_13:20) are the names of two agricultural cutting instruments (for they needed sharpening by a smith), one of which is perhaps an ordinary hoe and the other a pick-axe (from הָרִשׁ, to scrape; but the plur. of one is מַחֲרֵשׁוֹת; machareshoth', “mattocks,” 1Sa_13:21). SEE PLOUGH. חֶרֶב(che'reb, 2Ch_34:6; elsewhere usually a “sword”) signifies any sharp instrument, as a knife, dagger, chisel; and possibly a spade in the passage in question (marg. “maul”). The tool used in Arabia for loosening the ground, described by Niebuhr (Descr. de l'Arabie, p. 137), answers generally to our mattock or grubbing-axe (London, Encyclop. of Gardening, p. 617; Hasselquist, Trav. p. 100), i.e. a single-headed pickaxe, the sarculus simplex, as opposed to bicornis, of Palladius (De Re Rust. 1:43). The ancient Egyptian hoe was of wood, a and answered for hoe, spade, and mattock. The blade was inserted in or through the handle and the two were attached about the center by a twisted rope, See Wilkinson, Anc. Egypt. 2:16, 18, abridgm.; comp, Her. 2:14. SEE AGRICULTURE.

CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.

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