Meekness
VIEW:30 DATA:01-04-2020
MEEKNESS.In the earlier literature of revelation meekness is simply an excellent virtue. Moses is described as very meek, above all the men which were upon the face of the earth (Num_12:3), and his character illustrates the Hebrew ideal of meekness in those days. There was no weakness or cowardice about him. He was a still, strong man, patient and pitiful. Subsequently the word acquired a peculiar significance. In the days of Israels conflict the men of pride and violence came to the front, while the godly were thrust into the background, contemned and oppressed (cf. Psa_10:2; Psa_10:8-10). Thus rich and wicked came to be synonymous (Isa_53:9); and corresponding to these there was a group of terms: meek, humble (or lowly), poor, needy. In our Lords time these terms denoted the godly remnant in Israel, those who, despised by the rulers, lived devout lives in obscure corners, nourishing their faith on the Scriptures, and waiting for the consolation of Israel (Luk_2:25; Luk_2:38), the blessed Advent of the Messiah. And, just as the Psalmists and Prophets had sympathized with the Lords hidden ones and promised them deliverance (Psa_9:12; Psa_9:18; Psa_10:12-18; Psa_37:11 [cf. Mat_5:5] Psa_72:2; Psa_72:4, Isa_11:4), so Jesus was their champion. He called them blessed (Mat_5:3-12), and He took His place by their side, Himself meek and lowly (Mat_11:29), the homeless Son of Man, despised and rejected of men. He shared their humility that they might share His glory.
David Smith.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
In the Bible, meekness is so closely linked with humility, gentleness and kindness that the reader may have difficulty distinguishing between them. Together they represent a quality of human nature that was found perfectly in Jesus Christ (2Co_10:1), and that is desirable in all those who follow him (Eph_4:1-2).
There is nothing weak or colourless about meekness. It is the very opposite of all that is self-centred, and therefore is a quality of strength. It enables people not merely to be patient when suffering unjust criticism or persecution, but to be positively forgiving (Col_3:12-13; Tit_3:2; see PATIENCE). The meek do not demand revenge, but leave the matter in Gods hands (Num_12:1-3; Num_16:4-5; 1Pe_2:20-23). They do not insist upon their rights, but when circumstances arise where they are forced either to defend themselves or correct opponents, they do so with gentleness (2Ti_2:25; 1Pe_3:15).
Jesus is the perfect example of meekness. He never made a show to attract praise for himself, and never damaged the faith of even the weakest believer (Mat_12:19-20; Mat_18:5-6; Mat_21:5). Yet he never hesitated to denounce cruelty, pride, injustice and hypocrisy, even when it made him unpopular (Mat_15:7-14; Mat_21:12-13; Mat_23:13; Mat_23:33). He submitted to his Father and willingly served the needy around him (Mat_20:28; Joh_5:30), and he expected others to do likewise. As the meek and gentle one, he accepted the burden of sin on behalf of repentant sinners. At the same time he demanded that they accept his lordship in their daily lives (Mat_11:28-30; cf. Psa_25:8-10).
Meekness is a characteristic of life in Christs kingdom (Mat_5:5); therefore, those who enter that kingdom must exercise meekness (Mat_20:25-26). They will learn to do this as the indwelling Spirit of God changes them into the likeness of Christ and produces the quality of meekness in them (Gal_5:22-23; Php_2:3-5). (See also HUMILITY.)
Bridgeway Bible Dictionary by Don Fleming
PRINTER 1990.
mēk?nes (ענוה, ‛ănāwāh; πραότης, praótēs, πραΰ́της, praútēs): ?Meekness? in the Old Testament (‛ănāwāh, ‛anwāh) is from ‛ānāw, ?suffering,? ?oppressed,? ?afflicted,? denoting the spirit produced under such experiences. The word is sometimes translated ?poor? (Job_24:4, the Revised Version margin ?meek?; Amo_8:4); ?humble? (Psa_9:12, Psa_9:18, the Revised Version margin ?meek?); ?lowly? (Pro_3:34; Pro_16:19, the Revised Version (British and American) ?poor,? margin ?meek?). It is generally associated with some form of oppression. The ?meek? were the special objects of the Divine regard, and to them special blessings are promised (Psa_22:26, ?The meek shall eat and be satisfied?; Psa_25:9, ?The meek will he guide in justice; and the meek will he teach his way?; Psa_37:11, ?The meek shall inherit the land?; Psa_147:6, ?Yahweh upholdeth the meek?; Psa_149:4, ?He will beautify the meek with salvation,? the Revised Version margin ?victory?; compare Isa_11:4; Isa_29:19; Isa_61:1, ?Yahweh hath anointed me to preach good tidings unto the meek,? the Revised Version margin ?poor?; Zep_2:3; Psa_45:4, ?because of (the Revised Version margin ?in behalf of?) truth and meekness and righteousness?). Of Moses it is said he ?was very meek, above all the men that were upon the face of the earth,? notwithstanding the Divine revelations given him, and in the face of opposition (Num_12:3; compare 2Co_12:1-6). Meekness is ascribed even to Yahweh Himself (2Sa_22:36, ?Thy gentleness (‛ănāwāh) hath made me great?; compare Psa_18:36 (‛ănwāh), the Revised Version margin ?condescension?); men are exhorted to seek it (Zep_2:3, ?Seek righteousness, seek meekness?; compare Pro_15:1; Pro_16:14; Pro_25:15; Ecc_10:4).
In the Apocrypha also ?meekness? holds a high place (Ecclesiasticus 1:27, ?The fear of the Lord is wisdom and instruction: faith and meekness are his delight,? the Revised Version (British and American) ?in faith and meekness is his good pleasure?; Ecclesiasticus 3:19, ?Mysteries are revealed unto the meek? (the Revised Version (British and American) omits); compare 10:14).
?Meekness? in the New Testament (praotēs, prautēs) is not merely a natural virtue, but a Christian ?grace?; it is one of the ?fruits of the Spirit? (Gal_5:23). The conception of meekness, as it had been defined by Aristotle, was raised by Christianity to a much higher level, and associated with the commonly despised quality of humility (see under the word). It was the spirit of the Saviour Himself (Mat_11:29): ?I am meek (práos) and lowly in heart? (compare 2Co_10:1, ?by the meekness and gentleness of Christ?); it presupposes humility, flows from it, and finds expression in moderation (see under the word). (See Trench, Syn. of New Testament, 145; Westcott and Hort, The New Testament in Greek, New Testament Lexicon, under the word) Christians are exhorted to cherish it and show it in their relations to one another (Eph_4:2; Col_3:12; 1Ti_6:11; Tit_3:2, ?showing all meekness toward all men?); it ought to characterize Christian teachers or those in authority in ?instructing (the Revised Version (British and American) ?correcting,? margin ?instructing?) them that oppose themselves? (2Ti_2:25); the saving, ?implanted? (the Revised Version margin ?inborn?) word is to be received ?with meekness? (Jam_1:21); a man is to ?show by his good life his works in meekness of wisdom? (Jam_3:13), and to give a reason for the hope that is in him, ?with meekness and fear? (1Pe_3:15).
The interchangeableness of ?meek? with ?poor,? etc., in the Old Testament ought to be specially noted. our Lord's opening of His ministry at Nazareth (Luk_4:18, ?He anointed me to preach good tidings to the poor?), and His message to John (Mat_11:5, ?The poor have good tidings preached to them?) are in harmony therewith.
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
Meekness
(עִנְוָה, πραότης), a calm, serene temper of mind, not easily ruffled or provoked to resentment (Jam_3:7-8). Where the great principles of Christianity have disciplined the soul, where the holy grace of meekness reigns, it subdues the impetuous disposition, and causes it, trusting in God, both to submit and to forgive. It teaches us to govern our own anger whenever we are at any time provoked, and patiently to bear' the anger of others, that it may not be a provocation to us. The former is its office, especially in superiors; the latter in inferiors, and both in equals (Jam_3:13). The excellency of such a spirit appears, if we consider that it enables us to gain a victory over corrupt nature (Pro_16:32); that it is a beauty and an ornament to human beings (1Pe_3:4); that it is obedience to God's word, and conformity to the best patterns (Eph_5:12; Php_4:8). It is productive of the highest peace to the professor (Luk_21:19; Mat_11:28-29). It fits us for any duty, instruction, relation, condition, or persecution (Php_4:11-12). To obtain this spirit, consider that it is a divine injunction (Zep_2:3; Col_3:12; 1Ti_6:11). Observe the many examples of it: Jesus Christ (Mat_11:28), Abraham (Genesis 13; Gen_16:5-6), Moses (Num_12:3), David (Zec_12:8; 2Sa_16:10; 2Sa_16:12; Psa_131:2), Paul (1Co_9:19). Note how lovely a spirit it is in itself, and how it secures us from a variety of evils; that peculiar promises are made to such (Mat_5:5; Isa_66:2); that such give evidence of their being under the influence of divine grace, and shall enjoy the divine blessing (Isa_57:15). See Henry, On. Meekness; Dunlop, Sermons, 2:434; Evans, Sermons on the Christian Temper, ser. 29; Tillotson, Sermon on 1Pe_2:21, and on Mat_5:44; Logan, Sermons, vol. i, ser. 10; Jortin, Sermons, vol. iii, ser. 11.
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
David Smith.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
In the Bible, meekness is so closely linked with humility, gentleness and kindness that the reader may have difficulty distinguishing between them. Together they represent a quality of human nature that was found perfectly in Jesus Christ (2Co_10:1), and that is desirable in all those who follow him (Eph_4:1-2).
There is nothing weak or colourless about meekness. It is the very opposite of all that is self-centred, and therefore is a quality of strength. It enables people not merely to be patient when suffering unjust criticism or persecution, but to be positively forgiving (Col_3:12-13; Tit_3:2; see PATIENCE). The meek do not demand revenge, but leave the matter in Gods hands (Num_12:1-3; Num_16:4-5; 1Pe_2:20-23). They do not insist upon their rights, but when circumstances arise where they are forced either to defend themselves or correct opponents, they do so with gentleness (2Ti_2:25; 1Pe_3:15).
Jesus is the perfect example of meekness. He never made a show to attract praise for himself, and never damaged the faith of even the weakest believer (Mat_12:19-20; Mat_18:5-6; Mat_21:5). Yet he never hesitated to denounce cruelty, pride, injustice and hypocrisy, even when it made him unpopular (Mat_15:7-14; Mat_21:12-13; Mat_23:13; Mat_23:33). He submitted to his Father and willingly served the needy around him (Mat_20:28; Joh_5:30), and he expected others to do likewise. As the meek and gentle one, he accepted the burden of sin on behalf of repentant sinners. At the same time he demanded that they accept his lordship in their daily lives (Mat_11:28-30; cf. Psa_25:8-10).
Meekness is a characteristic of life in Christs kingdom (Mat_5:5); therefore, those who enter that kingdom must exercise meekness (Mat_20:25-26). They will learn to do this as the indwelling Spirit of God changes them into the likeness of Christ and produces the quality of meekness in them (Gal_5:22-23; Php_2:3-5). (See also HUMILITY.)
Bridgeway Bible Dictionary by Don Fleming
PRINTER 1990.
mēk?nes (ענוה, ‛ănāwāh; πραότης, praótēs, πραΰ́της, praútēs): ?Meekness? in the Old Testament (‛ănāwāh, ‛anwāh) is from ‛ānāw, ?suffering,? ?oppressed,? ?afflicted,? denoting the spirit produced under such experiences. The word is sometimes translated ?poor? (Job_24:4, the Revised Version margin ?meek?; Amo_8:4); ?humble? (Psa_9:12, Psa_9:18, the Revised Version margin ?meek?); ?lowly? (Pro_3:34; Pro_16:19, the Revised Version (British and American) ?poor,? margin ?meek?). It is generally associated with some form of oppression. The ?meek? were the special objects of the Divine regard, and to them special blessings are promised (Psa_22:26, ?The meek shall eat and be satisfied?; Psa_25:9, ?The meek will he guide in justice; and the meek will he teach his way?; Psa_37:11, ?The meek shall inherit the land?; Psa_147:6, ?Yahweh upholdeth the meek?; Psa_149:4, ?He will beautify the meek with salvation,? the Revised Version margin ?victory?; compare Isa_11:4; Isa_29:19; Isa_61:1, ?Yahweh hath anointed me to preach good tidings unto the meek,? the Revised Version margin ?poor?; Zep_2:3; Psa_45:4, ?because of (the Revised Version margin ?in behalf of?) truth and meekness and righteousness?). Of Moses it is said he ?was very meek, above all the men that were upon the face of the earth,? notwithstanding the Divine revelations given him, and in the face of opposition (Num_12:3; compare 2Co_12:1-6). Meekness is ascribed even to Yahweh Himself (2Sa_22:36, ?Thy gentleness (‛ănāwāh) hath made me great?; compare Psa_18:36 (‛ănwāh), the Revised Version margin ?condescension?); men are exhorted to seek it (Zep_2:3, ?Seek righteousness, seek meekness?; compare Pro_15:1; Pro_16:14; Pro_25:15; Ecc_10:4).
In the Apocrypha also ?meekness? holds a high place (Ecclesiasticus 1:27, ?The fear of the Lord is wisdom and instruction: faith and meekness are his delight,? the Revised Version (British and American) ?in faith and meekness is his good pleasure?; Ecclesiasticus 3:19, ?Mysteries are revealed unto the meek? (the Revised Version (British and American) omits); compare 10:14).
?Meekness? in the New Testament (praotēs, prautēs) is not merely a natural virtue, but a Christian ?grace?; it is one of the ?fruits of the Spirit? (Gal_5:23). The conception of meekness, as it had been defined by Aristotle, was raised by Christianity to a much higher level, and associated with the commonly despised quality of humility (see under the word). It was the spirit of the Saviour Himself (Mat_11:29): ?I am meek (práos) and lowly in heart? (compare 2Co_10:1, ?by the meekness and gentleness of Christ?); it presupposes humility, flows from it, and finds expression in moderation (see under the word). (See Trench, Syn. of New Testament, 145; Westcott and Hort, The New Testament in Greek, New Testament Lexicon, under the word) Christians are exhorted to cherish it and show it in their relations to one another (Eph_4:2; Col_3:12; 1Ti_6:11; Tit_3:2, ?showing all meekness toward all men?); it ought to characterize Christian teachers or those in authority in ?instructing (the Revised Version (British and American) ?correcting,? margin ?instructing?) them that oppose themselves? (2Ti_2:25); the saving, ?implanted? (the Revised Version margin ?inborn?) word is to be received ?with meekness? (Jam_1:21); a man is to ?show by his good life his works in meekness of wisdom? (Jam_3:13), and to give a reason for the hope that is in him, ?with meekness and fear? (1Pe_3:15).
The interchangeableness of ?meek? with ?poor,? etc., in the Old Testament ought to be specially noted. our Lord's opening of His ministry at Nazareth (Luk_4:18, ?He anointed me to preach good tidings to the poor?), and His message to John (Mat_11:5, ?The poor have good tidings preached to them?) are in harmony therewith.
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
Meekness
(עִנְוָה, πραότης), a calm, serene temper of mind, not easily ruffled or provoked to resentment (Jam_3:7-8). Where the great principles of Christianity have disciplined the soul, where the holy grace of meekness reigns, it subdues the impetuous disposition, and causes it, trusting in God, both to submit and to forgive. It teaches us to govern our own anger whenever we are at any time provoked, and patiently to bear' the anger of others, that it may not be a provocation to us. The former is its office, especially in superiors; the latter in inferiors, and both in equals (Jam_3:13). The excellency of such a spirit appears, if we consider that it enables us to gain a victory over corrupt nature (Pro_16:32); that it is a beauty and an ornament to human beings (1Pe_3:4); that it is obedience to God's word, and conformity to the best patterns (Eph_5:12; Php_4:8). It is productive of the highest peace to the professor (Luk_21:19; Mat_11:28-29). It fits us for any duty, instruction, relation, condition, or persecution (Php_4:11-12). To obtain this spirit, consider that it is a divine injunction (Zep_2:3; Col_3:12; 1Ti_6:11). Observe the many examples of it: Jesus Christ (Mat_11:28), Abraham (Genesis 13; Gen_16:5-6), Moses (Num_12:3), David (Zec_12:8; 2Sa_16:10; 2Sa_16:12; Psa_131:2), Paul (1Co_9:19). Note how lovely a spirit it is in itself, and how it secures us from a variety of evils; that peculiar promises are made to such (Mat_5:5; Isa_66:2); that such give evidence of their being under the influence of divine grace, and shall enjoy the divine blessing (Isa_57:15). See Henry, On. Meekness; Dunlop, Sermons, 2:434; Evans, Sermons on the Christian Temper, ser. 29; Tillotson, Sermon on 1Pe_2:21, and on Mat_5:44; Logan, Sermons, vol. i, ser. 10; Jortin, Sermons, vol. iii, ser. 11.
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
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