Millo
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Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary
MILLO.A place near Shechem (the name of which would be better rendered Beth-millo, without translating the first element [house of Millo, AV [Note: Authorized Version.] and RV [Note: Revised Version.] ]), quite unknown, the inhabitants of which were associated in the coronation of Abimelech (Jdg_9:6; Jdg_9:20). Joash was slain at a Beth-millo, on the way that goeth down to Silla (2Ki_12:20). Whether this be the same place, or whether (perhaps more likely) it was somewhere near Jerusalem, and (if so) where or what it may have been, are questions to which no answer can be given. On the Millo of 2Sa_5:8, 1Ki_11:27 etc., see Jerusalem, II, § 2.
R. A. S. Macalister.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
Hebrew "THE Millo." On taking the Jehusites' citadel David "built the city (Jerusalem) from the Millo round about" (2Sa_5:9; 1Ch_11:8). Solomon raised his levy to repair Millo (1Ki_9:15; 1Ki_9:24; 1Ki_11:27). So Hezekiah (2Ch_32:5). It was part of "the city of David". (See JERUSALEM.) Septuagint translated Millo "the citadel." Probably an aboriginal term adopted by Israel. Near the Tyropoeon valley, dividing Jerusalem (2Ki_12:20). Probably a tower; for in Jdg_9:6; Jdg_9:46; Jdg_9:49 Millo is interchanged with Migdal, "a tower." The name may mean filling; it filled up (completed) the fortification of the city of David. On the N.W. corner of the wall, on the slope of the Tyropoeon valley, where Zion had least height and needed strengthening.
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.
Mil'lo. (a rampart, mound). A place in ancient Jerusalem. Both name and place seem to have been already in existence when the city was taken, from the Jebusites by David. 2Sa_5:9; 1Ch_11:8. Its repair or restoration was one of the great works, for which Solomon raised his "levy," 1Ki_9:15; 1Ki_9:24; 1Ki_11:27, and it formed a prominent part, of the fortifications by which Hezekiah prepared, for the approach of the Assyrians. 2Ch_32:5. The last passage seems to show that "the Milo" was part of the "city of David," that is, of Zion. Compare 2Ki_12:20.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863
a part or suburb of Jerusalem. David built round about from Millo and inward, 2Sa_5:9; that is, he built round about from the place where Millo was afterward erected by Solomon, or where more probably the senate house, or Millo of the Jebusites, had stood, which was pulled down to make room for the more sumptuous edifice of Solomon, to his own house; so that David built from Mount Zion, quite round to the opposite point. Hence, the residence of David, even in the reign of that renowned monarch, began to assume the size and splendour of a city.
Biblical and Theological Dictionary by Richard Watson
PRINTER 1849.
mil?ō. (מלּוא, millō' generally interpreted to mean a ?filling,? e.g. a solid tower or an earth embankment; in Jdg_9:6, Jdg_9:20; 2Ki_12:20, we get מלּוא בּית, bēth millō', translated in English Versions of the Bible ?House of Millo,? which Winckler thinks may have been the original Jebusite temple-shrine of Jerusalem (see BETH-MILLO); Septuagint reads Βηθμααλών, Bēthmaalṓn, also Maalṓn and oı́kos Maallṓn):
1. Old Testament References
It is generally supposed that ?The Millo? was some kind of fortress or other defense, but many speculations have been made regarding its position. In 2Sa_5:9, we read that David built round about from the Millo and inward, or (in the Septuagint, Septuagint) ?he fortified it, the city, round about from the Millo and his house? (compare 1Ch_11:8). In connection with Solomon's strengthening of the fortifications, there are several references to Millo. In 1Ki_9:15, Solomon raised a levy ?to build the house of Yahweh, and his own house, and Millo, and the wall of Jerusalem,? etc.; in 1Ki_9:24, ?Pharaoh's daughter came up out of the city of David unto her house which Solomon had built for her: then did he build Millo?; in 1Ki_11:27, Solomon ?built Millo, and repaired the breach of the city of David his father.? At a later time Hezekiah ?took courage, and built up all the wall that was broken down, and raised it up to the towers, and the other wall without, and strengthened Millo in the city of David? (2Ch_32:5; 2Ki_12:20); Joash was slain by his servants ?at the house of Millo, on the way that goeth down to Silla,? but possibly this may have been in Shechem (compare Jdg_9:6).
2. Identical with the Akra Site:
The mention of the site in the days of David and the reference to it in connection with the city of David (1Ki_11:27) point to some part of the southeastern hill South of the temple. It is suggestive that Millo is in Septuagint always translated by ?Akra.? It seems to the present writer very probable that it was a fortress crowning the hill on which at a later time stood the Syrian Akra, which hill, if we are to believe Josephus (BJ, V, iv, 1, etc.), was cut down because its commanding situation dominated the temple. This hill cannot have been the site of Zion afterward known as ?David's Burg? (City of David), because the tombs of the Judean kings were within its walls, and that alone would have made the complete leveling of the site impossible, but whereas the Jebusite fortress was probably not far from Gihon, this fortified summit may have been, as Watson suggests for the Akra, as far north as where the present Al Aqsa mosque is situated. In David's time it may have been an isolated and detached fort guarding the north approach, but if it was originally a Jebusite high place (Winckler) partly of sun-dried brick like similar constructions in Babylonia, the account of its being leveled would be much more credible. The importance of this site in the days of Solomon is fully explicable if this was the citadel guarding the newly built temple and royal palaces.
Dr. G.A. Smith is inclined to think that Millo may have been a fortress ?off the south end of Ophel, to retain and protect the old pool,? and Vincent suggests that the site of Millo is that now occupied by the great causeway connecting the Western and Eastern hills along which runs the ṭarı̄ḳ bāb es silsileh.
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
Mil?lo. This word denotes 'fullness,' and is applied to a mound or rampart, probably as being filled up with stones or earth. Hence it is the name given to
Part of the citadel of Jerusalem, probably the rampart (2Sa_5:9; 1Ki_9:15; 1Ki_9:24; 1Ki_11:27; 1Ch_11:8; 2Ch_32:5).
The fortress in Shechem. 'All the men of Shechem, and all that dwelt in the house of Millo;' that is, in the castle or citadel (Jdg_9:6; Jdg_9:20).
The Popular Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature
by John Kitto.
Millo
(Heb. always with the art. ham millo', המַּלּוֹאthe fulness; Sept. [Alex.] in 1 Kings 9 only ἡ Μελιο; Vulg. Mello), properly a mound or rampart, as being filled in with stones and earth; hence a fortress or castle; applied to two structures or fortifications:
(a) According to Gesenius (Thes. Heb. page 789), a part of the citadel of Jerusalem, probably the rampart or intrenchment; or, as Winer thinks (Worterb. s.v.), the tower afterwards called Hippicus (2Sa_5:9; 1Ki_9:15; 1Ki_9:24; 1Ki_11:27; 1Ch_11:8; 2Ch_32:5). In the last of these texts, where David is said to have restored or fortified the Millo of (not in) the city of David, the Sept. has τὸ ἀνάλῃμμα τῆς πόλεως, the fortification of the city of David; in the other passages it has simply ἄκρα, the mound or tower. The Targum merely Chaldaizes the Heb. term (מְלֵיתָא מִלְיְתָא, vallum) Both name and thing seem to have been already in existence when the city was taken from the Jebusites by David. His first occupation, after getting possession, was to build around about, from the Millo and to the house' (A.V. inward.' 2Sa_5:9); or, as the parallel passage has it, he built the city round about, and from the Millo round about' (1Ch_11:8). Its repair or restoration was one of the great works for which Solomon raised his levy' (1Ki_9:15; 1Ki_9:24; 1Ki_11:27); and it formed a prominent part of the fortifications by which Hezekiah prepared for the approach of the Assyrians (2Ch_32:5). The same place is probably meant by the house of Millo, where Joash was killed (2Ki_12:21). Others are of the opinion that Millo was the name of a valley in Jerusalem, which separated ancient Jebus from the city of David, but which was afterwards filled up by David and Solomon (Barclay, City of the Great King, page 113). Schwarz (Pcrlest. page 241) holds that it was on the eastern declivity towards the spring of Siloam (reading Shiloah for Silla). The most natural impression from the notices is that it was some region or space adjacent to Mount Zion, perhaps that portion of the Tyropoeon enclosed by the first wall, the bridge, and the Temple. (See Lightfoot, Works, 2:189; Hamelsveld, Bibl. Geogr. 2:46 sq.; Ewald, Jsr. Gesch. 3:70; Strong's Harm. and Expos. of the Gospels, Append. 2, page 24; Schulz, Jerusalem, page 80.) SEE JERUSALEM.
(b) The fortress or citadel of Shechem, all the occupants or garrison of which joined in proclaiming Abimelech their king (Jdg_9:6; Jdg_9:20). SEE BETH-MILLO; SEE SILLA.
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary
MILLO.A place near Shechem (the name of which would be better rendered Beth-millo, without translating the first element [house of Millo, AV [Note: Authorized Version.] and RV [Note: Revised Version.] ]), quite unknown, the inhabitants of which were associated in the coronation of Abimelech (Jdg_9:6; Jdg_9:20). Joash was slain at a Beth-millo, on the way that goeth down to Silla (2Ki_12:20). Whether this be the same place, or whether (perhaps more likely) it was somewhere near Jerusalem, and (if so) where or what it may have been, are questions to which no answer can be given. On the Millo of 2Sa_5:8, 1Ki_11:27 etc., see Jerusalem, II, § 2.
R. A. S. Macalister.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
Hebrew "THE Millo." On taking the Jehusites' citadel David "built the city (Jerusalem) from the Millo round about" (2Sa_5:9; 1Ch_11:8). Solomon raised his levy to repair Millo (1Ki_9:15; 1Ki_9:24; 1Ki_11:27). So Hezekiah (2Ch_32:5). It was part of "the city of David". (See JERUSALEM.) Septuagint translated Millo "the citadel." Probably an aboriginal term adopted by Israel. Near the Tyropoeon valley, dividing Jerusalem (2Ki_12:20). Probably a tower; for in Jdg_9:6; Jdg_9:46; Jdg_9:49 Millo is interchanged with Migdal, "a tower." The name may mean filling; it filled up (completed) the fortification of the city of David. On the N.W. corner of the wall, on the slope of the Tyropoeon valley, where Zion had least height and needed strengthening.
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.
Mil'lo. (a rampart, mound). A place in ancient Jerusalem. Both name and place seem to have been already in existence when the city was taken, from the Jebusites by David. 2Sa_5:9; 1Ch_11:8. Its repair or restoration was one of the great works, for which Solomon raised his "levy," 1Ki_9:15; 1Ki_9:24; 1Ki_11:27, and it formed a prominent part, of the fortifications by which Hezekiah prepared, for the approach of the Assyrians. 2Ch_32:5. The last passage seems to show that "the Milo" was part of the "city of David," that is, of Zion. Compare 2Ki_12:20.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863
a part or suburb of Jerusalem. David built round about from Millo and inward, 2Sa_5:9; that is, he built round about from the place where Millo was afterward erected by Solomon, or where more probably the senate house, or Millo of the Jebusites, had stood, which was pulled down to make room for the more sumptuous edifice of Solomon, to his own house; so that David built from Mount Zion, quite round to the opposite point. Hence, the residence of David, even in the reign of that renowned monarch, began to assume the size and splendour of a city.
Biblical and Theological Dictionary by Richard Watson
PRINTER 1849.
mil?ō. (מלּוא, millō' generally interpreted to mean a ?filling,? e.g. a solid tower or an earth embankment; in Jdg_9:6, Jdg_9:20; 2Ki_12:20, we get מלּוא בּית, bēth millō', translated in English Versions of the Bible ?House of Millo,? which Winckler thinks may have been the original Jebusite temple-shrine of Jerusalem (see BETH-MILLO); Septuagint reads Βηθμααλών, Bēthmaalṓn, also Maalṓn and oı́kos Maallṓn):
1. Old Testament References
It is generally supposed that ?The Millo? was some kind of fortress or other defense, but many speculations have been made regarding its position. In 2Sa_5:9, we read that David built round about from the Millo and inward, or (in the Septuagint, Septuagint) ?he fortified it, the city, round about from the Millo and his house? (compare 1Ch_11:8). In connection with Solomon's strengthening of the fortifications, there are several references to Millo. In 1Ki_9:15, Solomon raised a levy ?to build the house of Yahweh, and his own house, and Millo, and the wall of Jerusalem,? etc.; in 1Ki_9:24, ?Pharaoh's daughter came up out of the city of David unto her house which Solomon had built for her: then did he build Millo?; in 1Ki_11:27, Solomon ?built Millo, and repaired the breach of the city of David his father.? At a later time Hezekiah ?took courage, and built up all the wall that was broken down, and raised it up to the towers, and the other wall without, and strengthened Millo in the city of David? (2Ch_32:5; 2Ki_12:20); Joash was slain by his servants ?at the house of Millo, on the way that goeth down to Silla,? but possibly this may have been in Shechem (compare Jdg_9:6).
2. Identical with the Akra Site:
The mention of the site in the days of David and the reference to it in connection with the city of David (1Ki_11:27) point to some part of the southeastern hill South of the temple. It is suggestive that Millo is in Septuagint always translated by ?Akra.? It seems to the present writer very probable that it was a fortress crowning the hill on which at a later time stood the Syrian Akra, which hill, if we are to believe Josephus (BJ, V, iv, 1, etc.), was cut down because its commanding situation dominated the temple. This hill cannot have been the site of Zion afterward known as ?David's Burg? (City of David), because the tombs of the Judean kings were within its walls, and that alone would have made the complete leveling of the site impossible, but whereas the Jebusite fortress was probably not far from Gihon, this fortified summit may have been, as Watson suggests for the Akra, as far north as where the present Al Aqsa mosque is situated. In David's time it may have been an isolated and detached fort guarding the north approach, but if it was originally a Jebusite high place (Winckler) partly of sun-dried brick like similar constructions in Babylonia, the account of its being leveled would be much more credible. The importance of this site in the days of Solomon is fully explicable if this was the citadel guarding the newly built temple and royal palaces.
Dr. G.A. Smith is inclined to think that Millo may have been a fortress ?off the south end of Ophel, to retain and protect the old pool,? and Vincent suggests that the site of Millo is that now occupied by the great causeway connecting the Western and Eastern hills along which runs the ṭarı̄ḳ bāb es silsileh.
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
Mil?lo. This word denotes 'fullness,' and is applied to a mound or rampart, probably as being filled up with stones or earth. Hence it is the name given to
Part of the citadel of Jerusalem, probably the rampart (2Sa_5:9; 1Ki_9:15; 1Ki_9:24; 1Ki_11:27; 1Ch_11:8; 2Ch_32:5).
The fortress in Shechem. 'All the men of Shechem, and all that dwelt in the house of Millo;' that is, in the castle or citadel (Jdg_9:6; Jdg_9:20).
The Popular Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature
by John Kitto.
Millo
(Heb. always with the art. ham millo', המַּלּוֹאthe fulness; Sept. [Alex.] in 1 Kings 9 only ἡ Μελιο; Vulg. Mello), properly a mound or rampart, as being filled in with stones and earth; hence a fortress or castle; applied to two structures or fortifications:
(a) According to Gesenius (Thes. Heb. page 789), a part of the citadel of Jerusalem, probably the rampart or intrenchment; or, as Winer thinks (Worterb. s.v.), the tower afterwards called Hippicus (2Sa_5:9; 1Ki_9:15; 1Ki_9:24; 1Ki_11:27; 1Ch_11:8; 2Ch_32:5). In the last of these texts, where David is said to have restored or fortified the Millo of (not in) the city of David, the Sept. has τὸ ἀνάλῃμμα τῆς πόλεως, the fortification of the city of David; in the other passages it has simply ἄκρα, the mound or tower. The Targum merely Chaldaizes the Heb. term (מְלֵיתָא מִלְיְתָא, vallum) Both name and thing seem to have been already in existence when the city was taken from the Jebusites by David. His first occupation, after getting possession, was to build around about, from the Millo and to the house' (A.V. inward.' 2Sa_5:9); or, as the parallel passage has it, he built the city round about, and from the Millo round about' (1Ch_11:8). Its repair or restoration was one of the great works for which Solomon raised his levy' (1Ki_9:15; 1Ki_9:24; 1Ki_11:27); and it formed a prominent part of the fortifications by which Hezekiah prepared for the approach of the Assyrians (2Ch_32:5). The same place is probably meant by the house of Millo, where Joash was killed (2Ki_12:21). Others are of the opinion that Millo was the name of a valley in Jerusalem, which separated ancient Jebus from the city of David, but which was afterwards filled up by David and Solomon (Barclay, City of the Great King, page 113). Schwarz (Pcrlest. page 241) holds that it was on the eastern declivity towards the spring of Siloam (reading Shiloah for Silla). The most natural impression from the notices is that it was some region or space adjacent to Mount Zion, perhaps that portion of the Tyropoeon enclosed by the first wall, the bridge, and the Temple. (See Lightfoot, Works, 2:189; Hamelsveld, Bibl. Geogr. 2:46 sq.; Ewald, Jsr. Gesch. 3:70; Strong's Harm. and Expos. of the Gospels, Append. 2, page 24; Schulz, Jerusalem, page 80.) SEE JERUSALEM.
(b) The fortress or citadel of Shechem, all the occupants or garrison of which joined in proclaiming Abimelech their king (Jdg_9:6; Jdg_9:20). SEE BETH-MILLO; SEE SILLA.
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
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