Peniel
VIEW:37 DATA:01-04-2020
face or vision of God; that sees God
(same as Penuel)
Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary
PENIEL.See Penuel.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
PENIEL or PENUEL ("face of God"). Name given by Jacob to the place where he saw God face to face and wrestled with Him (Gen_32:30; compare Gen_33:10; Jdg_8:5; Jdg_8:8; 1Ki_12:25).
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.
Peni'el. (face of God). The name, which Jacob gave to the place, in which he had wrestled with God: "He called the name of the place, 'face of El,' for I have seen Elohim face to face." Gen_32:30. In Gen_32:31, and the other passages in which the name occurs, its form is changed to Penuel. From the narrative, it is evident that Peniel lay somewhere, on the north bank of the Jabbok, and between that torrent, and the fords of the Jordan at Succoth, a few miles north of the glen, where the Jabbok falls into the Jordan.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863
pḗ-nı̄?el, pen?i-el, pē?ni-el (פּניאל, penı̄'ēl, ?face of God?; Εἶδος θεοῦ, Eı́dos theoú): This is the form of the name in Gen_32:30. In the next verse and elsewhere it appears as ?Penuel.? The name is said to have been given to the place by Jacob after his night of wrestling by the Jabbok, because, as he said, ?I have seen God face to face, and my life is preserved.? It was a height evidently close by the stream over which Jacob passed in the morning. Some have thought it might be a prominent cliff, the contour of which resembled a human face. Such a cliff on the seashore to the South of Tripoli was called theoú prósōpon, ?face of God? (Strabo xvi. 2, 15 f). In later times a city with a strong tower stood upon it. This lay in the line of Gideon's pursuit of the Midianites. When he returned victorious, he beat down the place because of the churlishness of the inhabitants (Jdg_8:8, Jdg_8:9, Jdg_8:17). It was one of the towns ?built? or fortified by Jeroboam (1Ki_12:25). Merrill would identify it with Telūl edh-Dhahab, ?hills of gold,? two hills with ruins that betoken great antiquity, and that speak of great strength, on the South of the Jabbok, about 10 miles East of Jordan (for description see Merrill, East of the Jordan, 390 if). A difficulty that seems fatal to this identification is that here the banks of the Jabbok are so precipitous as to be impassable. Conder suggests Jebel 'Osha. The site was clearly not far from Succoth; but no certainty is yet possible.
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
Peni?el (face of God), or Penuel, a place beyond the Jordan, where Jacob wrestled with the angel, and 'called the name of the place Peniel; for I have seen God face to face, and my life is preserved' (Gen_32:30). There was in after-times a fortified town in this place, the inhabitants of which exposed themselves to the resentment of Gideon, for refusing succor to his troops when pursuing the Midianites (Jdg_8:8). The site is not known; but it must have been at some point on or not far from the north bank of the Jabbok. Men of this name occur in 1Ch_4:4; 1Ch_8:25.
The Popular Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature
by John Kitto.
Peniel
(Heb. Penil', פְּנַיאֵל, face of God; Samar. פנו אל; Sept. ειδος θεοῦ; Vulg. Phanuel, and so also the Peshito), the name which Jacob gave to the: place in which he had wrestled with God: He called the name of the place Face of El,' for I have seen Elohim face to face (Gen_32:30). With that singular correspondence between the two parts of this narrative which has already been noticed under MAHANAIM, there is apparently an allusion to the bestowal of the name in 33:10, where Jacob says to Esau, I have seen thy face as one sees the face of Elohim. In 32:31, and the other passages in which the name occurs, its form is changed to PENUEL (פְנוּאֵל, Penuel', apparently of the same signification). On this change the lexicographers throw no light. It is perhaps not impossible that Penuel was the original form of the name, and that the slight change to Peniel was made by Jacob or by the historian to suit his allusion to the circumstance under which the patriarch first saw it. The Samaritan Pentateuch has Penuel in all. The promontory of the Ras-el-Shukah. on the coast of Syria above Beirfit, was formerly called Theouprosopon, probably a translation of Peniel, or, its Phoenician equivalent. The scene of Jacob's vision was evidently some spot on the north bank of the Jabbok, between that torrent and Succoth (comp. 32:22 with 33:17). This is in exact agreement with the terms of its next occurrence.
It does not appear that there was any town or village upon the spot at the time of this wondrous event; but it was probably then marked by some rude cairn or stone to serve as a record of the divine presence. We hear no more of it for five hundred years. After the defeat of the Midianites in the valley of Jezreel, Gideon pursued them to their home in the eastern district. On reaching the fords of the Jordan at Succoth, he asked the people of that city to supply food to his fainting followers; they refused, and he went up thence to Penuel, and spake unto them likewise (Jdg_8:8). He probably ascended from the valley of the Jordan through the glen of the Jabbok, which falls into the Jordan a few miles below Succoth. This would bring him direct to the site of Peniel, on which a city appears to have been built in the interval. It was natural, and in accordance with Eastern custom, that a holy place such as Penuel should become the nucleus of a town. In the time of Gideon there was a tower (מגדל) at Peniel, which Gideon destroyed on his return from the conquest of the Midianites. It would seem too that the city was then completely depopulated (Jdg_8:17). It may have remained a ruin till the days of Jeroboam, of whom we read that after taking up his abode in Shechem, he went out from thence, and built Penuel (1Ki_12:25). This was done, no doubt, on account of its commanding the fords of Succoth and the road from the east of Jordan to his capital city of Shechem, and also, perhaps, as being an ancient sanctuary. We hear no more of Peniel in Scripture. Josephus merely repeats the Scripture notices (Ant. 1:20, 2; 8:8, 4), as do Eusebius and Jerome (Onomast. s.v. Fanuel). They do not appear to have known the exact site; and, indeed, Jerome represents the Penuel of Jacob, Gideon, and Jeroboam as distinct places.
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
(same as Penuel)
Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary
PENIEL.See Penuel.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
PENIEL or PENUEL ("face of God"). Name given by Jacob to the place where he saw God face to face and wrestled with Him (Gen_32:30; compare Gen_33:10; Jdg_8:5; Jdg_8:8; 1Ki_12:25).
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.
Peni'el. (face of God). The name, which Jacob gave to the place, in which he had wrestled with God: "He called the name of the place, 'face of El,' for I have seen Elohim face to face." Gen_32:30. In Gen_32:31, and the other passages in which the name occurs, its form is changed to Penuel. From the narrative, it is evident that Peniel lay somewhere, on the north bank of the Jabbok, and between that torrent, and the fords of the Jordan at Succoth, a few miles north of the glen, where the Jabbok falls into the Jordan.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863
pḗ-nı̄?el, pen?i-el, pē?ni-el (פּניאל, penı̄'ēl, ?face of God?; Εἶδος θεοῦ, Eı́dos theoú): This is the form of the name in Gen_32:30. In the next verse and elsewhere it appears as ?Penuel.? The name is said to have been given to the place by Jacob after his night of wrestling by the Jabbok, because, as he said, ?I have seen God face to face, and my life is preserved.? It was a height evidently close by the stream over which Jacob passed in the morning. Some have thought it might be a prominent cliff, the contour of which resembled a human face. Such a cliff on the seashore to the South of Tripoli was called theoú prósōpon, ?face of God? (Strabo xvi. 2, 15 f). In later times a city with a strong tower stood upon it. This lay in the line of Gideon's pursuit of the Midianites. When he returned victorious, he beat down the place because of the churlishness of the inhabitants (Jdg_8:8, Jdg_8:9, Jdg_8:17). It was one of the towns ?built? or fortified by Jeroboam (1Ki_12:25). Merrill would identify it with Telūl edh-Dhahab, ?hills of gold,? two hills with ruins that betoken great antiquity, and that speak of great strength, on the South of the Jabbok, about 10 miles East of Jordan (for description see Merrill, East of the Jordan, 390 if). A difficulty that seems fatal to this identification is that here the banks of the Jabbok are so precipitous as to be impassable. Conder suggests Jebel 'Osha. The site was clearly not far from Succoth; but no certainty is yet possible.
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
Peni?el (face of God), or Penuel, a place beyond the Jordan, where Jacob wrestled with the angel, and 'called the name of the place Peniel; for I have seen God face to face, and my life is preserved' (Gen_32:30). There was in after-times a fortified town in this place, the inhabitants of which exposed themselves to the resentment of Gideon, for refusing succor to his troops when pursuing the Midianites (Jdg_8:8). The site is not known; but it must have been at some point on or not far from the north bank of the Jabbok. Men of this name occur in 1Ch_4:4; 1Ch_8:25.
The Popular Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature
by John Kitto.
Peniel
(Heb. Penil', פְּנַיאֵל, face of God; Samar. פנו אל; Sept. ειδος θεοῦ; Vulg. Phanuel, and so also the Peshito), the name which Jacob gave to the: place in which he had wrestled with God: He called the name of the place Face of El,' for I have seen Elohim face to face (Gen_32:30). With that singular correspondence between the two parts of this narrative which has already been noticed under MAHANAIM, there is apparently an allusion to the bestowal of the name in 33:10, where Jacob says to Esau, I have seen thy face as one sees the face of Elohim. In 32:31, and the other passages in which the name occurs, its form is changed to PENUEL (פְנוּאֵל, Penuel', apparently of the same signification). On this change the lexicographers throw no light. It is perhaps not impossible that Penuel was the original form of the name, and that the slight change to Peniel was made by Jacob or by the historian to suit his allusion to the circumstance under which the patriarch first saw it. The Samaritan Pentateuch has Penuel in all. The promontory of the Ras-el-Shukah. on the coast of Syria above Beirfit, was formerly called Theouprosopon, probably a translation of Peniel, or, its Phoenician equivalent. The scene of Jacob's vision was evidently some spot on the north bank of the Jabbok, between that torrent and Succoth (comp. 32:22 with 33:17). This is in exact agreement with the terms of its next occurrence.
It does not appear that there was any town or village upon the spot at the time of this wondrous event; but it was probably then marked by some rude cairn or stone to serve as a record of the divine presence. We hear no more of it for five hundred years. After the defeat of the Midianites in the valley of Jezreel, Gideon pursued them to their home in the eastern district. On reaching the fords of the Jordan at Succoth, he asked the people of that city to supply food to his fainting followers; they refused, and he went up thence to Penuel, and spake unto them likewise (Jdg_8:8). He probably ascended from the valley of the Jordan through the glen of the Jabbok, which falls into the Jordan a few miles below Succoth. This would bring him direct to the site of Peniel, on which a city appears to have been built in the interval. It was natural, and in accordance with Eastern custom, that a holy place such as Penuel should become the nucleus of a town. In the time of Gideon there was a tower (מגדל) at Peniel, which Gideon destroyed on his return from the conquest of the Midianites. It would seem too that the city was then completely depopulated (Jdg_8:17). It may have remained a ruin till the days of Jeroboam, of whom we read that after taking up his abode in Shechem, he went out from thence, and built Penuel (1Ki_12:25). This was done, no doubt, on account of its commanding the fords of Succoth and the road from the east of Jordan to his capital city of Shechem, and also, perhaps, as being an ancient sanctuary. We hear no more of Peniel in Scripture. Josephus merely repeats the Scripture notices (Ant. 1:20, 2; 8:8, 4), as do Eusebius and Jerome (Onomast. s.v. Fanuel). They do not appear to have known the exact site; and, indeed, Jerome represents the Penuel of Jacob, Gideon, and Jeroboam as distinct places.
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
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