Pestilence

VIEW:28 DATA:01-04-2020
PESTILENCE.—See Medicine, p. 598b.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909


Pestilence. See Plague, The.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863


or plague, generally is used by the Hebrews for all epidemic or contagious diseases. The prophets usually connect together sword, pestilence, and famine, being three of the most grievous inflictions of the Almighty upon a guilty people. See DISEASES.
Biblical and Theological Dictionary by Richard Watson
PRINTER 1849.


pes?ti-lens (דּבר, debher; λοιμός, loimós): Any sudden fatal epidemic is designated by this word, and in its Biblical use it generally indicates that these are divine visitations. The word is most frequently used in the prophetic books, and it occurs 25 times in Jeremiah and Ezekiel, always associated with the sword and famine. In 4 other passages it is combined with noisome or evil beasts, or war. In Amo_4:10 this judgment is compared with the plagues of Egypt, and in Hab_3:5 it is a concomitant of the march of God from the Arabian mountain. There is the same judicial character associated with pestilence in Exo_5:3; Exo_9:15; Lev_26:25; Num_14:12; Deu_28:21; 2Sa_24:21; 1Ch_21:12; Eze_14:19, Eze_14:21. In the dedication prayer of Solomon, a special value is besought for such petitions against pestilence as may be presented toward the temple (2Ch_6:28). Such a deliverance is promised to those who put their trust in God (Psa_91:6). Here the pestilence is called noisome, a shortened form of ?annoysome,? used in the sense of ?hateful? or that which causes trouble or distress. In modern English it has acquired the sense of loathsome. ?Noisome? is used by Tyndale where the King James Version and the Revised Version (British and American) have ?hurtful? in 1Ti_6:9.
The Latin word pestilentia is connected with pestis, ?the plague,? but pestilence is used of any visitation and is not the name of any special disease; debher is applied to diseases of cattle and is translated ?murrain.?
In the New Testament pestilence is mentioned in our Lord's eschatological discourse (Mat_24:7 the King James Version; Luk_21:11) coupled with famine. The assonance of loimós and limós in these passages (loimos is omitted in the Revised Version (British and American) passage for Mt) occurs in several classical passages, e.g. Herodotus vii. 171. The pestilence is said to walk in darkness (Psa_91:6) on account of its sudden onset out of obscurity not associated with any apparent cause.

International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.


The terms pestilence and plague are used with much laxity in our Authorized Version. The latter, however, is by far the wider term, as we read of 'plagues of leprosy,' 'of hail,' and of many other visitations. Pestilence is employed to denote a deadly epidemic. In our time however, both these terms are nearly synonymous; but plague is, by medical writers at least, restricted to mean the glandular plague of the East. There is indeed no description of any pestilence in the Bible, which would enable us to form an adequate idea of its specific character. Severe epidemics are the common accompaniments of dense crowding in cities, and of famine; and we accordingly often find them mentioned in connection (Lev_26:25; Jer_14:12; Jer_29:18; Mat_24:7; Luk_21:11). But there is no better argument for believing that 'pestilence' in these instances means the glandular plague, than the fact of its being at present a prevalent epidemic of the East. It is also remarkable that the Mosaic law, which contains such strict rules for the seclusion of lepers, should have allowed a disease to pass unnoticed, which is above all others the most deadly, and, at the same time, the most easily checked by sanitary regulations of the same kind.




The Popular Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature
by John Kitto.


Pestilence
is the invariable rendering in the A.V. (except in Exo_9:3, “murrain,” and in Hos_13:14, “plagues”) of the Heb. דֶּבֶר, deber (Sept. usually θάνατος), which originally seems to mean simply destruction, but is regularly applied to that common Oriental epidemic the plague (q.v.). The same term is also used in the Hebrew Scriptures for all epidemic or contagious diseases (Lev_26:25). The writers everywhere attribute it either to the agency of God himself or of that legate or angel whom they denominate מלא, malak; hence the Sept. renders the word דבר, deber, or pestilence, in Psa_91:6, by δαιμόνιον μεσήμβρινον, “the daemon of noonday,” and Jonathan also renders the same word in the Chaldee Targum (Hab_3:5) by the Chaldee word לא, angel or messenger. The prophets usually connect together sword, pestilence, and famine, being three of the most grievous inflictions of the Almighty upon a guilty people (2Sa_24:19). In the N.T. the term rendered “pestilence” is λοιμός (Mat_24:7; Luk_21:11; “pestilent fellow,” Act_24:5). SEE DISEASE.

CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.





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