Samos

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Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary


SAMOS was an important island in the Ægæan Sea off the coast of Ionia. It was a centre of luxury, art, and science. In b.c. 84 it was united to the province of Asia, and in b.c. 17 was made a free State by Augustus. This it was when St. Paul touched here (Act_20:15) on his way home from his third journey. There were many Jewish residents on the island, and it was one of the places addressed by the Romans in favour of the Jews (1Ma_15:23).
A. Souter.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909


("a height".) (especially by the sea shore.) An island off the boundary line between Ionia and Caria, three or four miles from the mainland. Mentioned in Paul's return from his third missionary journey (Act_20:15), on his way from Chios to Miletus. He spent the night at the anchorage of Trogyllium in the strait between Samos and the extremity of the ridge of Mycale on the mainland. The Greeks conquered the Persians in the sea fight of Mycale, B.C. 479.
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.


Samos. A Greek island off that part of Asia Minor, where Ionia touches Caria. Samos comes before our notice in the detailed account of St. Paul's return from his third missionary journey. Act_20:15.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863


sā?mos (Σάμος, Sámos, ?height,? ?mountain? (see Strabo 346, 457)): One of the most famous of the Ionian islands, third in size among the group which includes Lesbos, CHIOS (which see) and Cos (which see). It is situated at the mouth of the bay of Ephesus, between the cities of EPHESUS and MILETUS (which see), and separated from the mainland of Ionia by the narrow strait where the Greeks met and conquered the Persian fleet in the battle of Mycale, 479 BC (Herodotus ix.100 ff). The surface of the island is very rugged and mountainous, Mt. Kerki (modern name) rising to a height of 4,700 ft., and it was due to this that the island received its name (see above). See also SAMOTHRACE.
Samos was renowned in antiquity as one of the noted centers of Ionjan luxury, and reached its zenith of prosperity under the rule of the famous tyrant Polycrates (533-522 BC), who made himself master of the Aegean Sea. He carried on trade with Egypt, and his intercourse with that country, his friendship with Amasis, the famous ?ring? story and the revolting manner of the death of Polycrates arere all told in one of the most interesting stories of Herodotus (Herod. iii. 39 ff).
In 84 BC, the island was joined to the province of Asia, and in 17 BC it became a civitas libera, through the favor of Augustus (Dio Cass. liv. 9; Pliny, NH, v. 37). Both Marcus Agrippa and Herod visited the island; and according to Josephus (Ant., XVI, ii, 2; BJ, I, xxi, 11) ?bestowed a great many benefits? on it. In the Apocrypha, Samos is mentioned among the places to which Lucius, consul of the Romans, wrote, asking their good will toward the Jews (1 Macc 15:23).
In the New Testament, Paul touched here, after passing CHIOS (which see), on his return from his third missionary journey (Act_20:15). In Textus Receptus of the New Testament, we find in this passage καὶ μείναντες ἐν Τρωγυλλίῳ, kaı́ meı́nantes en Trōgullı́ō (?and having remained in Trogyllium?). This reading is wanting in the oldest manuscripts, and may be a sort of gloss, or explanation; due to the technical use of parabállein, ?to touch land? (compare Josephus, Ant., XVIII, vi, 4), and not necessarily ?to make a landing.? Trogyllium lay on the mainland opposite Samos, at the end of the ridge of Mycale. Still there is no particular reason why this reading should be supported, especially as it is not found in the earliest of authorities. Soden's 1913 text, however, retains the reading in brackets.

Literature.
Tozer, Islands of the Aegean (1890). Herodotus and Pausanias have rather full accounts of Samos, and Encyclopedia Brit (11th edition) gives a good bibliography of works both ancient and modern.

International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.


Sa?mos, an island in the Aegean Sea, near the coast of Lydia, in Asia Minor, and separated only by a narrow strait from the promontory which terminates in Cape Trogyllium. The apostle Paul touched at the island in his voyage from Greece to Syria (Act_20:15). Samos contained, some years ago, about 60,000 people, inhabiting eighteen large villages, and about twenty small ones.




The Popular Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature
by John Kitto.


Samos
(Σάμος, distinguished), a noted island in the Aegean Sea, near the coast of Lydia, in Asia Minor, and separated only by a narrow strait from the promontory which terminates in Cape Trogyllium. This strait, in the narrowest part, is not quite a mile in width (Pliny, Hist. Nat. 5, 34; Strabo, 14, 634; comp. Leake, Map of Asia Minor). For its history, from the time when it was a powerful member of the Ionic confederacy to its recent struggles against Turkey during the war of independence, and since, we must refer to Smith's Dict. of Gr. and Rom. Geog. s.v. Samos is a very lofty and commanding island; the word, in fact, denotes a height, especially by the seashore: hence, also, the name of Samothracia, or “the Thracian Samos,” for another similar island. Samos was illustrious at a period of remote antiquity, and was at one time mistress of the sea, but its greatness was of no long duration. Tradition ascribes the birth of Pythagoras to this island, and Creophilus, said to be the son-in-law of Homer, and himself a poet of no mean pretensions, was also a Samian. The period during which Samos enjoyed the greatest prosperity was that occupied by the government of Polycrates, who made himself master of many among the surrounding islands. The island fell subsequently under the Athenian dominion, and was considered as one of the most valuable dependencies of Athens. The people of Samos were especially worshippers of Juno or Hera, and her temple, called the Hermeon, was enriched by some of the finest works of art known in Greece, particularly statues by Myron, Polycletus, and Praxiteles. The chief manufacture carried on by the inhabitants was that of pottery, the Samian ware being celebrated all over the civilized world. It was made of a fine smooth clay of a deep red color, and many specimens of it remain to adorn the cabinets of archaeologists. It must be borne in mind, however, that the term Samian ware was soon applied to all of a similar character, wherever fabricated, just as at the present time all porcelain is called by the general name of china. The island is sometimes stated to have been famous for its wines, but, in fact, the wine of Samos was in ill repute. Strabo says expressly that the island was οὐκ εὔοινος. It now, however, ranks high for its Levantine wine, which is largely exported, as are also grapes and raisins. Samos, which is still called Samo, contained, some years ago, about 60,000 people, inhabiting eighteen large villages and about twenty small ones. Vathi is the chief town of the island in every respect, except that it is not the residence of the governor, who lives at Colonna, which takes its name from a solitary column (about fifty feet high and six in diameter), a remnant of the ancient Temple of Juno, of which some insignificant remains are lying near. Various travelers (Clarke, Tournefort, Pococke, Dallaway, Ross) have described this island. See also Georgirenes, Description of Samos, etc. (Lond. 1678); Panofka, Res Samiorum (Berlin, 1822); and especially Guerin, Description de l'Ile de Patmos et de l'Ile de Samos (Paris, 1856).
Samos is briefly referred to in two places in Scripture. The Romans wrote to the governor in favor of the Jews, in the time of Simon Maccabaeus (1Ma_15:23), and Paul touched there when going to Jerusalem, on his return from his third missionary journey (Act_20:15). He had been at Chios, and was about to proceed to Miletus, having passed by Ephesus without touching there. The topographical notices given incidentally by Luke are most exact. The night was spent at the anchorage of Trogyllium, in the narrow strait between Samos and the extremity of the mainland ridge of Mycale. This spot is famous both for the great battle of the old Greeks against the Persians in B.C. 479, and also for a gallant action of the modern Greeks against the Turks in 1824. Here, however, it is more natural (especially since we know, as above from 1Ma_15:23, that Jews resided here) to allude to the meeting of Herod the Great with Marcus Agrippa in Samos, whence resulted many privileges to the Jews (Josephus, Ant. 16, 2, 2, 4). At that time and when Paul was there it was politically a “free city” in the province of Asia (q.v.). See Conybeare and Howson, St. Paul, 2, 18; Lewin, St. Paul, 2, 87 sq. SEE PAUL.

CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.





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