Shaaraim
VIEW:26 DATA:01-04-2020
gates; valuation; hairs
Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary
SHAARAIM.1. A town of Jadah, in the Shephçlah, mentioned in Jos_15:36. Some identify it with Khurbet Saîreh, west of Beit Atâb; others with Zakarîya. Shaaraim is perhaps mentioned again in the pursuit of the Philistines after the death of Goliath (1Sa_17:52, RVm [Note: Revised Version margin.] the two gates). 2. A town of Simeon (1Ch_4:31); called Sharuhen in Jos_19:5, and Shilhim in Jos_15:32.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
("two gateways".) A city assigned to Judah (Jos_15:36; 1Sa_17:52). In the Shephelah. (See SHEPHELAH.) (1Ch_4:31). (See SHILHIM.) The Septuagint read Sakarim, which favors identifying Shaaraim with Tell Zekariah above the southern bank of the valley of Elah, a large hill with terraced sides and caves.
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.
Sha-ara'im. (two gates). A city, in the territory allotted to Judah, Jos_15:36, in Authorized Version, incorrectly Sharaim. 1Sa_17:52. Shaaraim, one of the towns of Simeon, 1Ch_4:31, must be a different place.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863
shā-a-rā?im (שערים, sha‛ărayim, ?two gates?; Σακαρείμ, Sakareı́m; the King James Version Sharaim):
(1) A city in the Shephelah or ?lowland? of Judah mentioned (Jos_15:36) in close association with Socoh and Azekah; the vanquished army of the Philistines passed a Shaaraim in their flight from Socoh toward Gath and Ekron (1Sa_17:52). It is possible that in this latter reference the ?two gates? may refer - as Septuagint implies - to the two Philistine strongholds themselves. Shaaraim has been identified with Tell Zakarı̄ya (see however AZEKAH) and with Kh. Sa‛ı̄reh (PEF, III, 124, Sh XVII), an old site West of Beit ‛Atāb. Both proposals are hazardous.
(2) One of the towns of Simeon (1Ch_4:31), called (Jos_19:6) ?Sharuhen? and, as one of the uttermost cities of Judah, called (Jos_15:32) ?Shilhim.? This town was in Southwestern Palestine and is very probably identical with the fortress Sharhana, a place of some importance on the road from Gaza to Egypt. Aahmes (XVIIIth Dynasty) besieged and captured this city in the 5th year of his reign in his pursuit of the flying Hyksos (Petrie, Hist, II, 22, 35), and a century later Tahutmes III, in the 23rd year of his reign, took the city of Sharuhen on his way to the siege and capture of Megiddo (Petrie, Hist, II, 104). On philological grounds Tell esh-Sheri‛ah, 12 miles Northwest of Beersheba, large ruin, has been proposed, but it does not suit at all the Egyptian data (PEF, III, 399, Sh XXIV).
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
(Heb. Shaara'yim, שִׁעֲרִיַ ם, two gates; Sept. in Joshua Σακαρίμ, in Samuel αἱ πόλεις, in Chron. Σεωρείμ [v.r. Σαρίμ]; Vulg. Saraim, Saarim), a town in the valley or maritime plain of Judah (Jos_15:36, A.V. Sharaim, where it is named between Azekah and Adithaim). Its occurrence among the cities of Simeon (1Ch_4:31) is probably a clerical error for Sharuhen (Jos_19:6). It is mentioned again in the account of the rout which followed the fall of Goliath, where the wounded fell down on the road to Shaaraim and as far as Gath and Ekron (1Sa_17:52). These two notices are consistent with each other. Goliath probably fell in the Wady es-Sumt, on opposite sides of which stand the representatives of Socoh and Jarmuth; Gath was at or near Tell es-Safieh, a few miles west of Socoh at the mouth of the same wady; while Ekron (if Akir be Ekron) lies farther north. Shaaraim is probably therefore to be looked for somewhere west of Shuweikeh, on the lower slopes of the hills, where they subside into the great plain (Smith). The valley of Elah runs down among the hills for some distance, and then forks below Tell-Zakartah; one branch, or rather side valley, running to Gath (Tell es-Safieh), and the other to the plain of Ekron. Perhaps the town of Shaaraim may have been situated at the fork, and may have taken its name from the two passes' (see Porter, Hand-book for Sin. and Pal. p. 264) (Kitto). It is probably identical with. the Ir-Tarain of the Talmud (Tosephtah, Ahaloth, s.f.), for the Chaldee tarain has the same meaning, gates (Schwarz, Palest. p. 102). From the associated localities it must be sought in the vicinity of the modern Shahmeh, a village with traces of ruins about two and a half miles south of Ekron (Van de Velde, Memoir, p. 114). Lieut. Conder at first proposed Tell Zakariah as a suitable position for Shaaraim (Quar. Statement of the Pal. Explor. Fund, 1875, p. 194), but M. Ganneau suggests the ruin. Sa'ireh (ibid. p. 182), mentioned in Dr. Robinson's list (Append. to vol. 3, 1st ed. of Researches) between Shuweikeh and Beit-Netif, in which Lieut. Conder seems finally to coincide (Tent Work in Pal. 2, 339).
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary
SHAARAIM.1. A town of Jadah, in the Shephçlah, mentioned in Jos_15:36. Some identify it with Khurbet Saîreh, west of Beit Atâb; others with Zakarîya. Shaaraim is perhaps mentioned again in the pursuit of the Philistines after the death of Goliath (1Sa_17:52, RVm [Note: Revised Version margin.] the two gates). 2. A town of Simeon (1Ch_4:31); called Sharuhen in Jos_19:5, and Shilhim in Jos_15:32.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
("two gateways".) A city assigned to Judah (Jos_15:36; 1Sa_17:52). In the Shephelah. (See SHEPHELAH.) (1Ch_4:31). (See SHILHIM.) The Septuagint read Sakarim, which favors identifying Shaaraim with Tell Zekariah above the southern bank of the valley of Elah, a large hill with terraced sides and caves.
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.
Sha-ara'im. (two gates). A city, in the territory allotted to Judah, Jos_15:36, in Authorized Version, incorrectly Sharaim. 1Sa_17:52. Shaaraim, one of the towns of Simeon, 1Ch_4:31, must be a different place.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863
shā-a-rā?im (שערים, sha‛ărayim, ?two gates?; Σακαρείμ, Sakareı́m; the King James Version Sharaim):
(1) A city in the Shephelah or ?lowland? of Judah mentioned (Jos_15:36) in close association with Socoh and Azekah; the vanquished army of the Philistines passed a Shaaraim in their flight from Socoh toward Gath and Ekron (1Sa_17:52). It is possible that in this latter reference the ?two gates? may refer - as Septuagint implies - to the two Philistine strongholds themselves. Shaaraim has been identified with Tell Zakarı̄ya (see however AZEKAH) and with Kh. Sa‛ı̄reh (PEF, III, 124, Sh XVII), an old site West of Beit ‛Atāb. Both proposals are hazardous.
(2) One of the towns of Simeon (1Ch_4:31), called (Jos_19:6) ?Sharuhen? and, as one of the uttermost cities of Judah, called (Jos_15:32) ?Shilhim.? This town was in Southwestern Palestine and is very probably identical with the fortress Sharhana, a place of some importance on the road from Gaza to Egypt. Aahmes (XVIIIth Dynasty) besieged and captured this city in the 5th year of his reign in his pursuit of the flying Hyksos (Petrie, Hist, II, 22, 35), and a century later Tahutmes III, in the 23rd year of his reign, took the city of Sharuhen on his way to the siege and capture of Megiddo (Petrie, Hist, II, 104). On philological grounds Tell esh-Sheri‛ah, 12 miles Northwest of Beersheba, large ruin, has been proposed, but it does not suit at all the Egyptian data (PEF, III, 399, Sh XXIV).
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
(Heb. Shaara'yim, שִׁעֲרִיַ ם, two gates; Sept. in Joshua Σακαρίμ, in Samuel αἱ πόλεις, in Chron. Σεωρείμ [v.r. Σαρίμ]; Vulg. Saraim, Saarim), a town in the valley or maritime plain of Judah (Jos_15:36, A.V. Sharaim, where it is named between Azekah and Adithaim). Its occurrence among the cities of Simeon (1Ch_4:31) is probably a clerical error for Sharuhen (Jos_19:6). It is mentioned again in the account of the rout which followed the fall of Goliath, where the wounded fell down on the road to Shaaraim and as far as Gath and Ekron (1Sa_17:52). These two notices are consistent with each other. Goliath probably fell in the Wady es-Sumt, on opposite sides of which stand the representatives of Socoh and Jarmuth; Gath was at or near Tell es-Safieh, a few miles west of Socoh at the mouth of the same wady; while Ekron (if Akir be Ekron) lies farther north. Shaaraim is probably therefore to be looked for somewhere west of Shuweikeh, on the lower slopes of the hills, where they subside into the great plain (Smith). The valley of Elah runs down among the hills for some distance, and then forks below Tell-Zakartah; one branch, or rather side valley, running to Gath (Tell es-Safieh), and the other to the plain of Ekron. Perhaps the town of Shaaraim may have been situated at the fork, and may have taken its name from the two passes' (see Porter, Hand-book for Sin. and Pal. p. 264) (Kitto). It is probably identical with. the Ir-Tarain of the Talmud (Tosephtah, Ahaloth, s.f.), for the Chaldee tarain has the same meaning, gates (Schwarz, Palest. p. 102). From the associated localities it must be sought in the vicinity of the modern Shahmeh, a village with traces of ruins about two and a half miles south of Ekron (Van de Velde, Memoir, p. 114). Lieut. Conder at first proposed Tell Zakariah as a suitable position for Shaaraim (Quar. Statement of the Pal. Explor. Fund, 1875, p. 194), but M. Ganneau suggests the ruin. Sa'ireh (ibid. p. 182), mentioned in Dr. Robinson's list (Append. to vol. 3, 1st ed. of Researches) between Shuweikeh and Beit-Netif, in which Lieut. Conder seems finally to coincide (Tent Work in Pal. 2, 339).
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
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