Tares
VIEW:17 DATA:01-04-2020
TARES (Gr. zizania, Arab. [Note: Arabic.] zuwân) are certain kinds of darnel growing plentifully in cornfields. The bearded darnel (Lolium temulentum) most resembles wheat. The seeds, though often poisonous to human beings on account of parasitic growths in them, are sold as chickens food. When harvest approaches and the tares can be distinguished, they are carefully weeded out by hand by women and children (cf. Mat_13:24-30).
E. W. G. Masterman.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
Mat_13:24-30. Zizanion, Arabic, zowan, Hebrew zownin; zan means "nausea." Not our vetch, but darnel; at first impossible to distinguish from wheat or barley, until the wheat's ear is developed, when the thin fruitless ear of the darnel is detected. Its root too so intertwines with that of the wheat that the farmer cannot separate them, without plucking up both, "till the time of harvest." The seed is like wheat, but smaller and black, and when mixed with wheat flour causes dizziness, intoxication, and paralysis; Lolium temulentum, "bearded darnel", the only deleterious grain among all the numerous grasses.
French, ivraie, "tipsy grass," from from whence our harmless "rye grass" is named. Hollow professors, having the form without the reality of godliness, nay, even hurtful and bad (Isa_29:13; Mat_15:8; Mar_7:6; Eze_33:31). None but the Lord of the harvest can distinguish the seeming from the real. The attempt to forestall His judgment for the sake of securing a pure church has always failed, and has only tended to foster spiritual pride and hypocrisy. Trench makes the "tares" into degenerate wheat (Parables, 91); sin is not a generation but a degeneracy.
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.
Tares. There can be little doubt that the zizania of the parable, Mat_13:25, denotes the weed called , "darnel", (Lolium temulentum). The darnel, before it comes into ear, is very similar in appearance to wheat; hence, the command that the zizania should be left to the harvest, lest while men plucked up the tares, "they should root up also the wheat with them."
Dr. Stanley, however, speaks of women and children picking up, from the wheat in the cornfields of Samaria, the tall green stalks, still called by the Arabs, zuwan. "These stalks," he continues, "if sown designedly throughout the fields, would be inseparable from the wheat, from which, even when growing naturally, and by chance, they are, at first sight, hardly distinguishable."
See also Thomson ("The Land and the Book," p. 420): "The grain is in just the proper stage to illustrate the parable. In those parts where the grain has headed out, the tares have done the same, and then a child cannot mistake them for wheat or barley; but where both are less developed, the closest scrutiny will often fail to detect them. Even the farmers, who in this country generally weed their fields, do not attempt to separate the one from the other." The grains of the (Lolium temulentum), if eaten, produce convulsions, and even death.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863
târz (ζιζάνια, zizánia (Mat_13:25 ff), margin ?darnel?): Zizania is equivalent to Arabic zuwān, the name given to several varieties of darnel of which Lolium temulentum, the ?bearded darnel,? is the one most resembling wheat, and has been supposed to be degenerated wheat. On the near approach of harvest it is carefully weeded out from among the wheat by the women and children. Zuwān is commonly used as chickens' food; it is not poisonous to human beings unless infected with the mold ergot.
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
The word (zizanion) thus rendered occurs in Mat_13:25, and several of the following verses. It is evident from the narrative that the wheat and the zizanion must have had considerable resemblance to each other in the herbaceous parts, which could hardly be the case, unless they were both of the family of the grasses. That such, however, is the case, is evident from what Volney says, that the peasants of Palestine and Syria do not cleanse away the seeds of weeds from their corn, but even leave that called Siwan by the Arabs, which stuns people and makes them giddy, as he himself experienced. The Ziwan of the Arabs is concluded to be our Darnel, the Lolium temulentum of botanists, and is well suited to the palate. It is a grass often found in corn-fields, resembling the wheat until both are in ear, and remarkable as one of the very few of the numerous family of grasses possessed of deleterious properties.
The Popular Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature
by John Kitto.
Mat_13:25 (a) Our Lord Himself tells us that the tares are the children of Satan. They are religious sinners, who are only professing Christians. They associate with Christians, as the tares grow with the wheat. In the little pods at the top of the wheat stalk, or that which looks like wheat, there are no grains. The pods are empty. So the hypocrite has no value - no eternal life.
Wilson's Dictionary of Bible Types
press 1957.
(ζιζάνια; Vulg. zizania). There can be little doubt that the ζιζάνια of the parable (Mat_13:25) denote the weed called darnel (Lolium temulentum), a widely distributed grass, and the only species of the order that has deleterious properties. The word used by the evangelist is an Oriental, and not a Greek, term (the native Greek word seems to be αιρα, Dioscor. 2, 91). It is the Arabic zawân, the Syriac zizàna, and the zoni (זוֹנַין) of the Talmud (Mishna, 1, 109; see Buxtorf, Lex. Talm. s.v.). The derivation of the Arabic word from zân, nausea, is well suited to the character of the plant, the grains of which produce vomiting and purging, convulsions, and even death. Volhey (Trav. 2, 306) experienced the ill effects of eating its seeds; and the whole of the inmates of the Sheffield work house were attacked some years ago with symptoms supposed to be produced by their oatmeal having been accidentally adulterated with lolium (Engl. Cyclop s.v. Lolium).
The darnel before it comes into ear is very similar in appearance to wheat; hence the command that the zizania should be left to the harvest, lest while nen plucked up the tares they should root up also the wheat with them. Prof. Stanley, however (Sinai and Palest. p. 426), speaks of women and children picking out from the wheat in the cornfields of Samaria the tall green stalks, still' called by the Arabs zuwan. These stalks, he continues, if sown designedly throughout the fields, would be inseparable from the wheat, from which, even when growing naturally and by chance, they are at first sight hardly distinguishable. See also Thomson (Land and Book, 2, 111): The grain is just in the proper stage to illustrate the parable. In those parts where the grain has headed out, the tares have done the same, and then a child cannot mistake them for wheat or barley; but where both are less developed, the closest scrutiny will often fail to detect them. Even the farmers, who in this country generally weed their fields, do not attempt to separate the one from the other. The grain-growers in Palestine believe that the zawân is merely a legenerate wheat; that in wet seasons the wheat turns to tares. Dr. Thomson asserts that this is their fixed opinion. It is curious' to observe the retention of the fallacy through many ages. Wheat and zunin, says Lightfoot (Hor. Heb. on Mat_13:25), quoting from the Talmud, are not seeds of different kinds. See also Buxtorf (Lex. Talm. s.v. זוֹנין): Zizania, species tritici degeneris, sic dicti, quod scortando cum bono tritico, in pejorem naturam degenerat. The Roman writers (comp. Infelix lolium, Virgil, Georg. 1, 154) appear to have entertained a similar opinion with respect to some of the cereals. Thus Pliny (Hist. Nat. 18:17), borrowing probably from Theophrastus, asserts that barley will degenerate into the oat. The notion that the zizania of the parable are merely diseased or (egenerate wheat has been defended by Brederod (see his letter to Schultetus in Exercit. Evang. 2, 65), and strangely adopted by Trench, who (Notes on the Parables, p. 91, 4th ed.) regards the distinction of these two plants to be a falsely assumed fact. If the zizania of the parable denote the darnel, and there cannot be any reasonable doubt about it, the plants are certainly distinct, and the L. temulentum has as much right to specific distinction as any other kind of grass.
On the route from Beirat to Akka (1852), Dr. Robinson describes fields of wheat of the most luxuriant growth, finer than which I had not before seen in this or any other country. Among these splendid fields of grain are still found the tares spoken of in the New Test. As described to me, they are not to be distinguished from the wheat until the ear appears. The seed resembles wheat in form, but is smaller and black. In Beirut, poultry are fed upon this seed, and it is kept for sale for that purpose. When not separated from the wheat, bread made from the flour often causes dizziness to those who eat of it (Bibl. Res. 3, 55). The bearded darnel has the bad reputation of yielding the only deleterious grain among all the countless grasses. We are not aware that any injurious quality has been detected in the seeds of its own congeners, Lolium arvense, L. perenne, the rye-grasses so familiar to British husbandry; but if mixed with bread, L. temulentum occasions giddiness, nausea, difficulty of articulation, and other symptoms ranging from intoxication to paralysis, and instances are on record where mortification of the extremities, or even death, has ensued (see Burnett, Plantce Utiliores, vol. 3). Hence the French have named it icraie, or tipsy-grass, a word from which the English have dropped the first syllable, and bestowed it on those unoffending ray or rye grasses, by which the darnel is represented in our hay-fields. Thus understood, how well do these tares' represent those who make a false profession; who appear among God's people; who draw near with their mouth, and honor God with their lips, but their heart is far from him (Isa_29:13; Mat_15:8; Mar_7:6) ! Both grow together, and at first may seem alike. Man cannot accurately distinguish between the true and the false; but at the great harvest-day the Lord will separate them. He will gather the wheat into his garner, while the tares shall be consumed (Balfour, Bot. and Religo p. 251). See Kitto, Pict. Bible, ad loc.; Hackett, Ilustr. of'Script. p. 130; Calcott [Lady], Script. Herbal, p. 475 sq.; Tristram, Na Ht. s. of the Bible, p. 486; Bochelius, De Zizaniis in Eccles. Dei Disseminatis (Arg. 1661).
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
E. W. G. Masterman.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
Mat_13:24-30. Zizanion, Arabic, zowan, Hebrew zownin; zan means "nausea." Not our vetch, but darnel; at first impossible to distinguish from wheat or barley, until the wheat's ear is developed, when the thin fruitless ear of the darnel is detected. Its root too so intertwines with that of the wheat that the farmer cannot separate them, without plucking up both, "till the time of harvest." The seed is like wheat, but smaller and black, and when mixed with wheat flour causes dizziness, intoxication, and paralysis; Lolium temulentum, "bearded darnel", the only deleterious grain among all the numerous grasses.
French, ivraie, "tipsy grass," from from whence our harmless "rye grass" is named. Hollow professors, having the form without the reality of godliness, nay, even hurtful and bad (Isa_29:13; Mat_15:8; Mar_7:6; Eze_33:31). None but the Lord of the harvest can distinguish the seeming from the real. The attempt to forestall His judgment for the sake of securing a pure church has always failed, and has only tended to foster spiritual pride and hypocrisy. Trench makes the "tares" into degenerate wheat (Parables, 91); sin is not a generation but a degeneracy.
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.
Tares. There can be little doubt that the zizania of the parable, Mat_13:25, denotes the weed called , "darnel", (Lolium temulentum). The darnel, before it comes into ear, is very similar in appearance to wheat; hence, the command that the zizania should be left to the harvest, lest while men plucked up the tares, "they should root up also the wheat with them."
Dr. Stanley, however, speaks of women and children picking up, from the wheat in the cornfields of Samaria, the tall green stalks, still called by the Arabs, zuwan. "These stalks," he continues, "if sown designedly throughout the fields, would be inseparable from the wheat, from which, even when growing naturally, and by chance, they are, at first sight, hardly distinguishable."
See also Thomson ("The Land and the Book," p. 420): "The grain is in just the proper stage to illustrate the parable. In those parts where the grain has headed out, the tares have done the same, and then a child cannot mistake them for wheat or barley; but where both are less developed, the closest scrutiny will often fail to detect them. Even the farmers, who in this country generally weed their fields, do not attempt to separate the one from the other." The grains of the (Lolium temulentum), if eaten, produce convulsions, and even death.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863
târz (ζιζάνια, zizánia (Mat_13:25 ff), margin ?darnel?): Zizania is equivalent to Arabic zuwān, the name given to several varieties of darnel of which Lolium temulentum, the ?bearded darnel,? is the one most resembling wheat, and has been supposed to be degenerated wheat. On the near approach of harvest it is carefully weeded out from among the wheat by the women and children. Zuwān is commonly used as chickens' food; it is not poisonous to human beings unless infected with the mold ergot.
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
The word (zizanion) thus rendered occurs in Mat_13:25, and several of the following verses. It is evident from the narrative that the wheat and the zizanion must have had considerable resemblance to each other in the herbaceous parts, which could hardly be the case, unless they were both of the family of the grasses. That such, however, is the case, is evident from what Volney says, that the peasants of Palestine and Syria do not cleanse away the seeds of weeds from their corn, but even leave that called Siwan by the Arabs, which stuns people and makes them giddy, as he himself experienced. The Ziwan of the Arabs is concluded to be our Darnel, the Lolium temulentum of botanists, and is well suited to the palate. It is a grass often found in corn-fields, resembling the wheat until both are in ear, and remarkable as one of the very few of the numerous family of grasses possessed of deleterious properties.
The Popular Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature
by John Kitto.
Mat_13:25 (a) Our Lord Himself tells us that the tares are the children of Satan. They are religious sinners, who are only professing Christians. They associate with Christians, as the tares grow with the wheat. In the little pods at the top of the wheat stalk, or that which looks like wheat, there are no grains. The pods are empty. So the hypocrite has no value - no eternal life.
Wilson's Dictionary of Bible Types
press 1957.
(ζιζάνια; Vulg. zizania). There can be little doubt that the ζιζάνια of the parable (Mat_13:25) denote the weed called darnel (Lolium temulentum), a widely distributed grass, and the only species of the order that has deleterious properties. The word used by the evangelist is an Oriental, and not a Greek, term (the native Greek word seems to be αιρα, Dioscor. 2, 91). It is the Arabic zawân, the Syriac zizàna, and the zoni (זוֹנַין) of the Talmud (Mishna, 1, 109; see Buxtorf, Lex. Talm. s.v.). The derivation of the Arabic word from zân, nausea, is well suited to the character of the plant, the grains of which produce vomiting and purging, convulsions, and even death. Volhey (Trav. 2, 306) experienced the ill effects of eating its seeds; and the whole of the inmates of the Sheffield work house were attacked some years ago with symptoms supposed to be produced by their oatmeal having been accidentally adulterated with lolium (Engl. Cyclop s.v. Lolium).
The darnel before it comes into ear is very similar in appearance to wheat; hence the command that the zizania should be left to the harvest, lest while nen plucked up the tares they should root up also the wheat with them. Prof. Stanley, however (Sinai and Palest. p. 426), speaks of women and children picking out from the wheat in the cornfields of Samaria the tall green stalks, still' called by the Arabs zuwan. These stalks, he continues, if sown designedly throughout the fields, would be inseparable from the wheat, from which, even when growing naturally and by chance, they are at first sight hardly distinguishable. See also Thomson (Land and Book, 2, 111): The grain is just in the proper stage to illustrate the parable. In those parts where the grain has headed out, the tares have done the same, and then a child cannot mistake them for wheat or barley; but where both are less developed, the closest scrutiny will often fail to detect them. Even the farmers, who in this country generally weed their fields, do not attempt to separate the one from the other. The grain-growers in Palestine believe that the zawân is merely a legenerate wheat; that in wet seasons the wheat turns to tares. Dr. Thomson asserts that this is their fixed opinion. It is curious' to observe the retention of the fallacy through many ages. Wheat and zunin, says Lightfoot (Hor. Heb. on Mat_13:25), quoting from the Talmud, are not seeds of different kinds. See also Buxtorf (Lex. Talm. s.v. זוֹנין): Zizania, species tritici degeneris, sic dicti, quod scortando cum bono tritico, in pejorem naturam degenerat. The Roman writers (comp. Infelix lolium, Virgil, Georg. 1, 154) appear to have entertained a similar opinion with respect to some of the cereals. Thus Pliny (Hist. Nat. 18:17), borrowing probably from Theophrastus, asserts that barley will degenerate into the oat. The notion that the zizania of the parable are merely diseased or (egenerate wheat has been defended by Brederod (see his letter to Schultetus in Exercit. Evang. 2, 65), and strangely adopted by Trench, who (Notes on the Parables, p. 91, 4th ed.) regards the distinction of these two plants to be a falsely assumed fact. If the zizania of the parable denote the darnel, and there cannot be any reasonable doubt about it, the plants are certainly distinct, and the L. temulentum has as much right to specific distinction as any other kind of grass.
On the route from Beirat to Akka (1852), Dr. Robinson describes fields of wheat of the most luxuriant growth, finer than which I had not before seen in this or any other country. Among these splendid fields of grain are still found the tares spoken of in the New Test. As described to me, they are not to be distinguished from the wheat until the ear appears. The seed resembles wheat in form, but is smaller and black. In Beirut, poultry are fed upon this seed, and it is kept for sale for that purpose. When not separated from the wheat, bread made from the flour often causes dizziness to those who eat of it (Bibl. Res. 3, 55). The bearded darnel has the bad reputation of yielding the only deleterious grain among all the countless grasses. We are not aware that any injurious quality has been detected in the seeds of its own congeners, Lolium arvense, L. perenne, the rye-grasses so familiar to British husbandry; but if mixed with bread, L. temulentum occasions giddiness, nausea, difficulty of articulation, and other symptoms ranging from intoxication to paralysis, and instances are on record where mortification of the extremities, or even death, has ensued (see Burnett, Plantce Utiliores, vol. 3). Hence the French have named it icraie, or tipsy-grass, a word from which the English have dropped the first syllable, and bestowed it on those unoffending ray or rye grasses, by which the darnel is represented in our hay-fields. Thus understood, how well do these tares' represent those who make a false profession; who appear among God's people; who draw near with their mouth, and honor God with their lips, but their heart is far from him (Isa_29:13; Mat_15:8; Mar_7:6) ! Both grow together, and at first may seem alike. Man cannot accurately distinguish between the true and the false; but at the great harvest-day the Lord will separate them. He will gather the wheat into his garner, while the tares shall be consumed (Balfour, Bot. and Religo p. 251). See Kitto, Pict. Bible, ad loc.; Hackett, Ilustr. of'Script. p. 130; Calcott [Lady], Script. Herbal, p. 475 sq.; Tristram, Na Ht. s. of the Bible, p. 486; Bochelius, De Zizaniis in Eccles. Dei Disseminatis (Arg. 1661).
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
BUSCADAVERDADE
Visite o nosso canal youtube.com/buscadaverdade e se INSCREVA agora mesmo! Lá temos uma diversidade de temas interessantes sobre: Saúde, Receitas Saudáveis, Benefícios dos Alimentos, Benefícios das Vitaminas e Sais Minerais... Dê uma olhadinha, você vai gostar! E não se esqueça, dê o seu like e se INSCREVA! Clique abaixo e vá direto ao canal!
Saiba Mais
-
Nutrição
Vegetarianismo e a Vitamina B12 -
Receita
Como preparar a Proteína Vegetal Texturizada -
Arqueologia
Livro de Enoque é um livro profético?
Tags