Tirshatha

VIEW:22 DATA:01-04-2020
a governor
Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary


TIRSHATHA.—A Persian word = ‘His Excellency,’ or more probably ‘His Reverence,’ mentioned Ezr_2:63 (= Neh_7:65), Neh_7:70; Neh_8:9; Neh_10:1. In the first three passages he is unnamed, but is apparently Zerubbabel; in the last two he is Nehemiah. The title is used interchangeably with the Assyr. [Note: Assyrian.] pechah or ‘governor,’ of which it may be the Persian equivalent, and apparently represents a plenipotentiary appointed for a special mission.
C. W. Emmet.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909


The official title of the Persian governor of Judaea (Ezr_2:63; Neh_7:65; Neh_7:70); applied to Nehemiah (Neh_8:9; Neh_10:1); also to Zerubbabel (Ezr_2:63). From a Persian root, "his severity." Like the German title of consuls of free and imperial cities, gestrenger herr. So "our most dread sovereign." Pecheh (our pasha) is the title of Nehemiah in Neh_12:26; Hag_1:1; Hag_2:2; Ezr_5:3; implying governor of a province less than a satrapy.
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.


Tirshatha. (always written with the article). The title of the governor of Judea, under the Persians, perhaps derived from a Persian root signifying, stern, severe, and it is added as a title, after the name of Nehemiah, Neh_8:9; Neh_10:1 and occurs also, in three other places. In the margin of the Authorized Version, Ezr_2:63; Neh_7:65; Neh_10:1, it is rendered as "governor".
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863


tẽr-shā?tha, tûr?sha-tha (תּרשׁתא, tirshāthā'; Ἁθερσαθά, Hathersathá): A title which occurs 5 times in Ezra and Nehemiah (Ezr_2:63; Neh_7:65, the American Standard Revised Version and the English Revised Version margin ?governor?). In Neh_8:9; Neh_10:1, Nehemiah is called the tirshāthā'. In Ezr_2:63; Neh_7:65, Neh_7:70, it is the title of Sheshbazzar, or Zerubbabel. As in Neh_12:26, Nehemiah is called a peḥāh, or governor, a title which in Ezr_5:14 is given to Sheshbazzar also, it has been supposed that peḥāh and tirshāthā' were equivalent terms, the former being of Assyrio-Babylonian and the latter of Persian origin. According to Lagarde, it comes from the Bactrian antarekshatra, that is, ?he who takes the place of the king.? According to Meyer and Scheftelowitz it is a modified form of a hypothetical Old Persian word tarsata. According to Gesenius and Ewald, it is to be compared with the Persian torsh, ?severe,? ?austere,? i.e. ?stern lord.? It seems more probable that it is derived from the Babylonian root rashu, ?to take possession of,? from which we get the noun rashu, ?creditor.? In this case it may well have had the sense of a tax-collector. One of the principal duties of the Persian satrap, or governor, was to assess and collect the taxes (see Rawlinson's Persia, chapter viii). This would readily account for the fact that in Neh_7:70 the tirshāthā' gave to the treasure to be used in the building of the temple a thousand drachms of gold, etc., and that in Ezr_1:8 Cyrus numbered the vessels of the house of the Lord unto Sheshbazzar. This derivation would connect it with the Aramaic rashya, ?creditor,? and the New Hebrew rāshūth, ?highest power,? ?magistrate.?

International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.



[most Tir'shatha] (Heb. always with the article, hat-Tirshatha', הִתַּרַשָׁתָא; hence the Sept. gives the word Α᾿θερσασθά [4.r. Α᾿θερσαθά]. Ezr_2:63; Neh_7:65, and ‘ Α᾿ρταρσασθά, Neh_10:1; Vulg. Athersatha), the title of the governor of Judaea under the Persians, derived by Gesenius from the Persian root torsh, signifying “stern,” “severe.” He compares the title Gestrenger Herr, formerly given to the magistrates of the free and imperial cities of Germany (comp. also our expression, “most dread sovereign”). It is added as a title after the name of Nehemiah (Neh_8:9; Neh_10:1 [Hebrews 2]); and occurs also. in three other places (Ezr_2:63, and the repetition of that account in Neh_7:65-70), where probably it is intended to denote Zerubbabel, who had held the, office before Nehemiah. In the margin of the A. V. (Ezr_2:63; Neh_7:65; Neh_10:1) it is rendered “governor;” an explanation justified by Neh_12:26, where “Nehemiah the governor הִפֶּחָה(Pechah, probably from the same root as the word we write pacha, or pasha), occurs instead of the more usual expression” Nehemiah the Tirshatha.” This word, פֶּהָה, is twice applied by Nehemiah to himself (Neh_5:14; Neh_5:18), and by the prophet Haggai (Hag_1:1; Hag_2:2; Hag_2:21) to Zerubbabel. According to Gesenius, it denotes the prefect or governor of a province of less extent than a satrapy. The word is used of officers and governors under the Assyrian (2Ki_18:24; Isa_36:9), Babylonian (Jer_51:57; Eze_23:6; Eze_23:23; see also Ezr_5:3; Ezr_5:14; Ezr_6:7; Dan_3:2-3; Dan_3:27; Dan_6:7 [Hebrews 8]), Median (Jer_51:28), and Persian (Est_8:9; Est_9:3) monarchies. Under this last we find it applied to the rulers of the provinces bordered by the Euphrates (Ezr_8:36; Neh_2:7; Neh_2:9; Neh_3:7), and to the governors of Judaea, Zerubbabel and Nehemiah (comp. Mal_1:8). It is found also at an earlier period in the times of Solomon (1Ki_10:15; 2Ch_9:14) and Benhadad king of Syria (1Ki_20:24), from which last place, compared with others (2Ki_18:24; Isa_36:9),we find that military commands were often held by these governors; the word, indeed, is often rendered by the A. V., either in the text or the margin, “captain.” By thus briefly examining the sense of Pechdh, which (though of course a much more general and less distinctive word) ‘is given as an equivalent to Tirshath'. we have no difficulty in forming an opinion as to the general notion implied in it. We have, however, no sufficient information to enable us to explain in detail in what consisted the special peculiarities in honor or functions that distinguished the Tirshatha from others of the same class, governors, captains, princes, rulers of provinces. SEE GOVERNOR.



CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.





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