Wool
VIEW:20 DATA:01-04-2020
WOOL.Woollen stuffs were much used for clothes (Lev_13:47 ff., Pro_31:13 etc.); mainly, however, for outer garments. For underwear, linen was preferred, as being cooler and cleaner. Wool, falling swiftly a prey to moths and larvæ (Isa_51:8 etc.), was not used for wrapping the dead. A garment of mingled wool and linen might not he worn (Lev_19:19, Deu_22:11). Josephus says this was reserved exclusively for the priests (Ant. IV. viii. 11). Dyed wool is referred to (Heb_9:12, cf. Lev_14:4 f.), but its natural colour, white, makes it the criterion of whiteness and purity (Psa_147:16, Isa_1:18, Dan_7:9, Rev_1:14). Wool was a valuable article of commerce (Eze_27:18), and it figures in the tribute paid by king Mesha (2Ki_3:4).
W. Ewing.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
tsemer ("wool"), and gez ("fleece") meaning "shearing". Mesha's tribute to Israel (2Ki_3:4). A firstfruit to the priests (Deu_18:4). Symbolizing purity and whiteness (Isa_1:18, "shall be as wool" restored to its original undyed whiteness; Dan_7:9; Rev_1:14). Snow is compared to it (Psa_147:16).
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.
Wool. Wool was an article of the highest value among the Jews, as the staple material for the manufacture of clothing. Lev_13:47; Deu_22:11; Job_31:20; Pro_31:13; Eze_34:3; Hos_2:5.
The importance of wool is incidentally shown by the notice that Mesha's tribute was paid in a certain number of rams "with the wool." 2Ki_3:1. The wool of Damascus was highly prized in the mart of Tyre. Eze_27:18.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863
wool (צמר, cemer; ἔριον, érion): Wool and flax were the fibers most used by the ancient weavers. Wool was used principally for the outside garments (Lev_13:48 ff; Pro_31:13; Eze_34:3; Hos_2:5, Hos_2:9). Syrian wool is found on the world's markets today, but it is not rated as first quality, partly because it is so contaminated with thorns, straw and other foreign matter which become entangled with the wool while the sheep are wandering over the barren, rocky mountain sides in search of food. Extensive pastures are almost unknown.
Two kinds of wool are sold: (1) That obtained by shearing. This is removed from the animal as far as possible in one piece or fleece usually without previous washing. The fleeces are gathered in bales and carried to a washing-place, which is usually one of the stony river beds, with but a small stream flowing through it during the summer. The river bed is chosen because the rocks are clean and free from little sticks or straw which would cling to the washed wool. The purchaser of this washed wool submits it to a further washing with soap, ishnan (alkali plant), ?soapwort?, or other cleansing agent (see FULLER), and then cards it before spinning and weaving. The wool thus obtained is nearly snow white. (2) The second supply of wool is from the tanneries where the wool is removed from the skins with slaked lime (see TANNING). This is washed in many changes of water and used for stuffing mattresses, quilts, etc., but not for weaving.
Gideon used a fleece of wool to seek an omen from God (Jdg_6:37). Mesha, king of Moab, sent a large quantity of wool as a tribute to the king of Israel (2Ki_3:4).
Wool was forbidden to be woven with linen (Deu_2:11; compare Lev_19:19). Priests could not wear woolen garments (Eze_44:17). Wool dyed scarlet with the ḳermes was used in the blood-covenant ceremony (Heb_9:19; compare Lev 14; Num_19:6).
The whiteness of wool was used for comparison (1) with snow (Psa_147:16); (2) with sins forgiven (Isa_1:18); (3) with hair (Dan_7:9; Rev_1:14).
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
[SHEEP]
The Popular Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature
by John Kitto.
Lev_19:19 (c) We may use this as a type of human works mixed with divine provision. GOD condemns it. The garment described in this passage is quite typical of many religious professors. The linen represents the good works of man, for linen is made by men. The wool represents the divine work of GOD, for only GOD can make it. Man cannot cover himself with a religious garment, which is made partly of GOD's provision in CHRIST, and partly of his own provision in character building. Salvation must be all of GOD, with no mixture of human merit whatever.
Wilson's Dictionary of Bible Types
press 1957.
(Gr. ἔριον, Heb_9:19; Rev_1:4). The fleece of the sheep, as such, was properly called גֵזor גְּזָּה, while the material of which it was composed was called צֶמֶר; hence גַזִּת הִצֶּמֶר, a fleece of wool (Jdg_6:37). Wool was used by the Hebrews from an early period extensively for clothing (Lev_13:47; Deu_22:11; Job_31:20; Pro_31:13; Eze_34:3; Hos_2:5). The importance of wool is incidentally shown by the notice that Mesha's tribute was paid in a certain number of rams "with the wool" (2Ki_3:4), as well as by its being specified among the first-fruits to be offered to the priests (Deu_18:4). The wool of Damascus was highly prized in the mart of Tyre (Ezra 27:18), and is compared in the Sept. to the wool of Miletus (ἔρια ἐκ Μιλήτου), the fame of which was widely spread in the ancient world (Pliny 3:73; Virgil, Georg. 3:306; 4:334.) Wool is occasionally cited as an image of purity and brilliancy (Isa_1:18; Dan_7:9; Rev_1:14), and the flakes of snow are appropriately likened to it (Psa_147:16). The art of dyeing it was understood by the Jews (Mishna, Shab. 1, § 6). SEE SHEEP; SEE WOOLLEN.
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
W. Ewing.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
tsemer ("wool"), and gez ("fleece") meaning "shearing". Mesha's tribute to Israel (2Ki_3:4). A firstfruit to the priests (Deu_18:4). Symbolizing purity and whiteness (Isa_1:18, "shall be as wool" restored to its original undyed whiteness; Dan_7:9; Rev_1:14). Snow is compared to it (Psa_147:16).
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.
Wool. Wool was an article of the highest value among the Jews, as the staple material for the manufacture of clothing. Lev_13:47; Deu_22:11; Job_31:20; Pro_31:13; Eze_34:3; Hos_2:5.
The importance of wool is incidentally shown by the notice that Mesha's tribute was paid in a certain number of rams "with the wool." 2Ki_3:1. The wool of Damascus was highly prized in the mart of Tyre. Eze_27:18.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863
wool (צמר, cemer; ἔριον, érion): Wool and flax were the fibers most used by the ancient weavers. Wool was used principally for the outside garments (Lev_13:48 ff; Pro_31:13; Eze_34:3; Hos_2:5, Hos_2:9). Syrian wool is found on the world's markets today, but it is not rated as first quality, partly because it is so contaminated with thorns, straw and other foreign matter which become entangled with the wool while the sheep are wandering over the barren, rocky mountain sides in search of food. Extensive pastures are almost unknown.
Two kinds of wool are sold: (1) That obtained by shearing. This is removed from the animal as far as possible in one piece or fleece usually without previous washing. The fleeces are gathered in bales and carried to a washing-place, which is usually one of the stony river beds, with but a small stream flowing through it during the summer. The river bed is chosen because the rocks are clean and free from little sticks or straw which would cling to the washed wool. The purchaser of this washed wool submits it to a further washing with soap, ishnan (alkali plant), ?soapwort?, or other cleansing agent (see FULLER), and then cards it before spinning and weaving. The wool thus obtained is nearly snow white. (2) The second supply of wool is from the tanneries where the wool is removed from the skins with slaked lime (see TANNING). This is washed in many changes of water and used for stuffing mattresses, quilts, etc., but not for weaving.
Gideon used a fleece of wool to seek an omen from God (Jdg_6:37). Mesha, king of Moab, sent a large quantity of wool as a tribute to the king of Israel (2Ki_3:4).
Wool was forbidden to be woven with linen (Deu_2:11; compare Lev_19:19). Priests could not wear woolen garments (Eze_44:17). Wool dyed scarlet with the ḳermes was used in the blood-covenant ceremony (Heb_9:19; compare Lev 14; Num_19:6).
The whiteness of wool was used for comparison (1) with snow (Psa_147:16); (2) with sins forgiven (Isa_1:18); (3) with hair (Dan_7:9; Rev_1:14).
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
[SHEEP]
The Popular Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature
by John Kitto.
Lev_19:19 (c) We may use this as a type of human works mixed with divine provision. GOD condemns it. The garment described in this passage is quite typical of many religious professors. The linen represents the good works of man, for linen is made by men. The wool represents the divine work of GOD, for only GOD can make it. Man cannot cover himself with a religious garment, which is made partly of GOD's provision in CHRIST, and partly of his own provision in character building. Salvation must be all of GOD, with no mixture of human merit whatever.
Wilson's Dictionary of Bible Types
press 1957.
(Gr. ἔριον, Heb_9:19; Rev_1:4). The fleece of the sheep, as such, was properly called גֵזor גְּזָּה, while the material of which it was composed was called צֶמֶר; hence גַזִּת הִצֶּמֶר, a fleece of wool (Jdg_6:37). Wool was used by the Hebrews from an early period extensively for clothing (Lev_13:47; Deu_22:11; Job_31:20; Pro_31:13; Eze_34:3; Hos_2:5). The importance of wool is incidentally shown by the notice that Mesha's tribute was paid in a certain number of rams "with the wool" (2Ki_3:4), as well as by its being specified among the first-fruits to be offered to the priests (Deu_18:4). The wool of Damascus was highly prized in the mart of Tyre (Ezra 27:18), and is compared in the Sept. to the wool of Miletus (ἔρια ἐκ Μιλήτου), the fame of which was widely spread in the ancient world (Pliny 3:73; Virgil, Georg. 3:306; 4:334.) Wool is occasionally cited as an image of purity and brilliancy (Isa_1:18; Dan_7:9; Rev_1:14), and the flakes of snow are appropriately likened to it (Psa_147:16). The art of dyeing it was understood by the Jews (Mishna, Shab. 1, § 6). SEE SHEEP; SEE WOOLLEN.
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
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