Asp

VIEW:51 DATA:01-04-2020
ASP.—See Serpent.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909


See ADDER.
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.


Asp. (Hebrew, pethen), translated (adder) in Psa_58:4; Psa_91:13. Probably the Egyptian cobra, a small and very poisonous serpent, a dweller in the holes of walls, Isa_11:8, and a snake upon which the serpent-charmers practiced their art.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863


פתן . Deu_32:33; Job_20:14; Job_20:16; Psa_58:4; Psa_91:13; Isa_11:8. A very venomous serpent, whose poison is so subtle as to kill within a few hours with a universal gangrene. This may well refer to the baeten of the Arabians, which M. Forskal describes as spotted with black and white, about one foot in length, and nearly half an inch in thickness, oviparous, and whose bite is death. It is the aspic of the ancients, and is so called now by the literati of Cyprus, though the common people call it kufi, (κουφη,) deaf. With the PETHEN we may connect the python of the Greeks, which was, according to fable, a huge serpent that had an oracle at mount Parnassus, famous for predicting future events. Apollo is said to have slain this serpent, and hence he was called “Pythius.” Those possessed with a spirit of divination were also styled Πυθωνες. The word occurs in Act_16:16, as the characteristic of a young woman who had a pythonic spirit. It is well known that the serpent was particularly employed by the Heathens in their enchantments and divinations. See SERPENT.
Pethen, פתן , is variously translated in our version; but interpreters generally consider it as referring to the asp. Zophar alludes to it more than once in his description of a wicked man: “Yet his meat in his bowels is turned, it is the gall of asps within him. He shall suck the poison of asps: the viper's tongue shall slay him.” The venom of asps is the most subtle of all; it is incurable; and, if the wounded part be not instantly amputated, it speedily terminates the existence of the sufferer. To these circumstances, Moses evidently alludes in his character of the Heathen: “Their wine is the poison of dragons, and the cruel venom of asps.” To tread upon the asp is attended with extreme danger; therefore, to express in the strongest manner the safety which the godly man enjoys under the protection of his heavenly Father, it is promised, that he shall tread with impunity upon these venomous creatures. No person of his own accord approaches the hole of these deadly reptiles; for he who gives them the smallest disturbance is in extreme danger of paying the forfeit of his rashness with his life. Hence, the Prophet Isaiah, predicting the conversion of the Gentiles to the faith of Christ, and the glorious reign of peace and truth in those regions which, prior to that period, were full of horrid cruelty, marvellously heightens the force of the whole description by declaring, “The sucking child shall play on the hole of the asp, and the weaned child shall put his hand on the cockatrice' den. They shall not hurt nor destroy in all my holy mountain; for the earth shall be full of the knowledge of the Lord, as the waters cover the sea.”
Biblical and Theological Dictionary by Richard Watson
PRINTER 1849.


(פתן, pethen (Deu_32:33; Job_20:14, Job_20:16; Isa_11:8); ἀσπίς, aspı́s (Rom_3:13)); Any poisonous snake, or even poisonous snakes in general, would satisfy the context in all the passages cited. Pethen is also translated ADDER (which see) in Psa_58:4; Psa_91:13. Most authors have supposed the Egyptian cobra (Naia haje, L.) to be the snake meant, but while this is widely distributed throughout Africa, its occurrence in Southern Palestine seems to rest solely on the authority of Canon Tristram, who did not collect it. There are Other poisonous snakes in Palestine, any one of which would satisfy the requirements of these passages. See SERPENT. While the aspis of classical Greek literature may well have been the Egyptian cobra, it is to be noted that Vipera aspis, L., is confined to central and western Europe.
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.


Deu_32:33 (a) The effect of liquor on the soul is compared to the poison that comes from the bite of the serpent. It contaminates the blood, it affects every part of the body, it ends in death.

Job_20:14 (a) The feeling expressed by Job caused his friends to say that he was feeding from the poison that comes from the snake. Job was considering and meditating in his heart the things that were bitter, harsh and evil in his life.

Rom_3:13 (b) This refers to the teaching and the ministry of false religious teachers whose doctrines are of the Devil. The messages which come from their mouths are as poison and they damage those who hear them. (See also Mat_3:7).
Wilson's Dictionary of Bible Types
press 1957.


Asp
(פֶּתֶן, pe'then, so called probably from extending itself, Deu_32:33; Job_20:14; Job_20:16; Isa_11:8; "adder”; Psa_57:4; Psa_91:13; ἄσπις, Rom_3:3), a venomous kind of serpent, perhaps correctly designated by this rendering, since the Chald., Syr., and Arabic equivalents appear to denote some member of the Coluber family (see Gesenius, Thesaur. p. 1140). Bochart (Hieroz. iii, 156, ed. Lips.) incorrectly refers to the Syr. name for dragon (comp. his treatise De aspide surda ad Psa_58:5, ibid. p. 161 sq.). Kitto (Pict. Bible, at Job_20:14) compares the bceten of the Arabs, called by the Cyprians kufi (κωφή, deaj; comp. Psalm lviii, 4). This reptile, which more exactly corresponds in name to the Heb., is thus described by Forskal (Descr. Anin. p. 15): " Spotted all over with black and white; a foot long, and about twice as thick as one's thumb; oviparous; the bite instantly fatal, causing the body to swell." SEE ADDER.
The "asp" is often mentioned by ancient authors (see Smith's Dict. of Class. Antiq. s.v. Aspis), but in such vague terms (except that they agree in its extreme venom, whence it was selected by Cleopatra as the surest and speediest means of her suicide) that little can be positively determined respecting it, if indeed several species of serpent are not thus designated. From the description of Pliny, however (Hist. Nat. 8:35), naturalists have generally fixed upon the el-Haje (or Nasher, described by Forskal, Anim. p. 14) of the Arabs (Vipera Haje of Daudin) as representing the ancient asp. It is from three to five feet in length, of a dark green color, marked obliquely with bands of brown, and closely allied to the celebrated cobra-de-cal pello of India in its power of swelling the neck when irritated, and of rising on its tail in striking its prey (see Penny Cyclopcedia, s.v.). It is often figured as a sacred symbol on the Egyptian monuments under the name Kneph (Rawlinson's Herodotus, ii, 105). SEE SERPENT.



CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.





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