Ziklag
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ZIKLAG.A town given by Achish king of Gath to the outlawed David (1Sa_27:6; 1Sa_30:1 ff., 2Sa_1:1; 2Sa_4:10, 1Ch_12:1; 1Ch_12:20). In the national register of cities it is assigned to Judah (Jos_15:31) or to Simeon (Jos_19:5), and is mentioned also in the post-exilic list (Neh_11:28). It has been identified with Zuheilîqa, 11 m. S. E. of Gaza, and 20 m. S.W. from Eleutheropolis.
H. L. Willett.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
A city in southern Judah, associated with Chesil and Hormah (Jos_15:31; Jos_19:5; 1Ch_4:30). Lieut. Conder identifies it with Zehleika or Khirbet Zuheilikah in the middle of the plain N. of Beersheba, 200 miles square, just where the narrative concerning David would lead us to look for it. The ruins are on three small hills, forming an equilateral triangle, almost half a mile apart; among the ruins are several cisterns. Simeon possessed it. Assigned by Achish king of Gath to David, for the Philistines had taken it.
Thence David went up against the Geshurites, Gezrites, and Amalekites (1Sa_27:8-9; 1Sa_30:14; 1Sa_30:26), for these tribes occupied the plateau overhanging the Philistine plain to the W. and wady Murreh to the S. He resided there a year and four months; it was there he received daily new accessions of forces (1Ch_12:1-20), and heard of Saul's death (2Sa_1:1; 2Sa_4:10); thence he went to Hebron (2Sa_2:1). Thus Ziklag lay at the confines of Philistia, Judah, and Amalek. Its position probably was in the open country, pastoral and amble, reached from the S. after passing out of wady er Ruheibeh. The term used in 1Sa_30:11 is "the field (sadeh) of the Philistines"; sadeh is applied to the country of Amalek (Gen_14:7). Reoccupied after the Babylonian captivity by the men of Judah (Neh_11:28).
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.
Zik'lag. (winding). A place which possesses a special interest from its having been the residence and the private property of David. It is first mentioned in the catalogue of the towns of Judah in Jos_15:31, and occurs, in the same connection, among the places which were allotted out of the territory of Judah to Simeon. Jos_19:5.
We next encounter it, in the possession of the Philistines, 1Sa_27:6, when it was, at David's request, bestowed upon him by Achish, king of Gath. He resided there for a year and four months. 1Sa_27:6-7; 1Sa_30:14; 1Sa_30:26; 1Ch_12:1; 1Ch_12:20. It was there, he received the news of Saul's death. 2Sa_1:1; 2Sa_4:10. He then relinquished it for Hebron. 2Sa_2:1.
Ziklag is finally mentioned as being reinhabited by the people of Judah after their return from captivity. Neh_11:28. The situation of the town is difficult to determine, and we only know for certain that it was in the south country.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863
a city of the Philistines, first assigned to the tribe of Judah, and afterward to that of Simeon, Jos_15:31; Jos_19:5; but it does not appear that the Philistines were ever driven out; as, when David fled into their country from Saul, Achish gave the city to him, 1Sa_27:5-6. It was afterward burned by the Amalekites, 1Sa_30:1. But it appears to have been rebuilt, as the author of the First Book of Samuel, when relating its being given to David, adds, that it pertained to the kings of Judah in his time.
Biblical and Theological Dictionary by Richard Watson
PRINTER 1849.
zik?lag (צקלג, ciḳelagh, צקלג, ciḳelāgh (2Sa_1:1), ציקלג, cı̄ḳelagh (1Ch_12:1, 1Ch_12:20); usually in the Septuagint Σεκελάκ, Sekelák, or Σικελάγ, Sikelág): A town assigned (Jos_19:5; 1Ch_4:30) to Simeon, but in Jos_15:31 named, between Hornah and Madmannah, as one of the cities of the Negeb of Judah, ?toward the border of Edom.? It is said (1Sa_27:6) to have remained a royal city. In Neh_11:28 it is in the list of towns reinhabited by the returning children of Judah. Its chief associations are with David. Achish the Philistine king of Gath gave it to David as a residence (1Sa_27:6 f; 1Ch_12:1, 1Ch_12:20); it was raided by the Amalekites, on whom David took vengeance and so recovered his property (1Sa_30:14, 1Sa_30:26); here the messenger who came to announce Saul's death was slain (2Sa_1:1; 2Sa_4:10).
The site of this important place is not yet fixed with certainty; Conder proposed Zucheilı̄ka, a ruin 11 miles South-Southeast of Gaza, and 4 miles North of Wâdy es-Sherı̄‛ă, which may be the ?Brook Besor? (1Sa_30:9, 1Sa_30:10, 1Sa_30:21); Rowland (1842) proposed ‛Aslūj, a heap of ruins South of Beersheba and 7 miles to the East of Bered. Neither site is entirely satisfactory. See Williams, Holy City, I, 463-68; BR, II, 201, PEF, 288, Sh XX.
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
Zik?lag, a city belonging to the tribe of Simeon (Jos_15:31; Jos_19:5), but at times subject to the Philistines of Gath, whose king, Achish, bestowed it upon David for a residence; after which it pertained to Judah (1Sa_27:6; 1Sa_30:1; 1Sa_30:14; 1Sa_30:26; 2Sa_1:1; 1Ch_4:30; Neh_11:28).
While David was absent with his men to join Achish, Ziklag was burned and plundered by the Amalekites; and on his return, after receiving the spoil from them, he remained here till called to assume the crown after the death of Saul. It was during his stay in this place that he was joined by many considerable and valiant persons, whose adhesion to his cause was of much importance to him, and who were ever after held in high esteem in his court and army.
The Popular Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature
by John Kitto.
(Heb. Tsikclag צַקְלִג [on pause צַקַלָג, fully Tsikelag'; צַיקַלִג 1Ch_12:20], winding [Fürst]; Sept. Σεκελά or Σικελάγ v.r. Σικελά etc.; Josephus, Σίκελλα, Ant. 6:13, 10; 14, 6; Steph., Byz. Σέκελα; Vulg. Siceleg), a place which possesses a special interest from its having been the residence and the private property of David. It is first mentioned in the catalogue: of the towns of Judah in Joshua 15 where it is enumerated (Jos_15:31) among those of the extreme south, between Hormah (or Zephath) and Madmannah (possibly Beth-marcaboth). It next occurs in the same connection, among the places which were allotted out of the territory of Judah to Simeon (Jos_19:5). We next encounter it in the possession of the Philistines (1Sa_27:6), when it was, at David's request, bestowed upon him by Achish king of Gath. He resided there for a year and four months (1Sa_27:7; 1 Samuel 31; 1Sa_14:26; 1Ch_12:1; 1Ch_12:20; Josephus [Ant. 6:13, 10] gives this, as one, month and twenty-days). It was there he received the news of Saul's death (2Sa_1:1; in, 2Sa_1:10). He then relinquished it for Hebron (2, 1). Ziklag is finally mentioned, in company with, Beer-sheba, Hazarshual, and other towns of the south, as being reinhabited by the people of Judani after their return from the Captivity (Neh_11:28).
The situation of the town is difficult to determine, notwithstanding so many notices. On the other hand, that it was in the south (Negeb) seems certain, both from the towns named with it, and also from its mention with the south of the Cherethites and the south of Caleb some of whose descendants we know were at Ziph and Maon, perhaps even at Paran (1Sa_25:1). On the other hand, this is difficult to reconcile with its connection with the Philistines and with the fact which follows from the narrative of 1 Samuel 30 (see 1Sa_30:9-10; 1Sa_30:21) that it was north of the brook Besor. The word employed in 1Sa_27:5; 1Sa_27:7; 1Sa_27:11, to denote the region in which it stood is peculiar. It is not hash-Shephelah, as it must have been had Ziklag stood in the ordinary lowland of Philistia, but has-Sadeh, which Prof. Stanley (Sin and Pal. App. § 15) renders the field. On the whole, though the temptation is strong to suppose (as some have suggested) that there were two places of the same name, the only conclusion seems to be that Ziklag was in the south country, with a portion of which the Philistines had a connection, which man have lasted from the time of their residence there in the days of Abraham and Isaac. Ziklag does not appear to have been known to Eusebius and Jerome, or to any .f the older travelers. Mr. Rowlands, however, in his journey from Gaza to Suez in 1842 (in Williams, Holy City, 1, 463-468), was told of an ancient site called Asluj, or Kasluj, with some ancient walls, three hours east of Sebata, which again was two hours and a half south of Khalasa. This he considers as identical with Ziklag. Dr. Robinson had previously (in 1838) heard of Aslui as lying south-west of Milh, on the way to Abdeh (Bibl. Res. 2, 201), a position not discordant with that of Mr. Rowlands. The identification is supported by Mr. Wilton (Negeb, p. 209); but in the Arabic form of the name. the similarity which prompted Mr. Rowlands's conjecture almost entirely disappears (עשלג צקלג). Smith. The English engineers think that they have discovered the name and site of Ziklag in the ruins still called Khirbet Zuheilikah, occupying three small hills, nearly half a mile apart, in the form of an equilateral triangle, together with ancient cities, situated in an open, rolling plain eleven miles east-southeast of Gaza, and nineteen south-west of Beit-Jibrin. (Quar. Report of Pal. Explor. Fund, Jan. 1878, p. 12 sq.). SEE SIMEON.
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
H. L. Willett.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
A city in southern Judah, associated with Chesil and Hormah (Jos_15:31; Jos_19:5; 1Ch_4:30). Lieut. Conder identifies it with Zehleika or Khirbet Zuheilikah in the middle of the plain N. of Beersheba, 200 miles square, just where the narrative concerning David would lead us to look for it. The ruins are on three small hills, forming an equilateral triangle, almost half a mile apart; among the ruins are several cisterns. Simeon possessed it. Assigned by Achish king of Gath to David, for the Philistines had taken it.
Thence David went up against the Geshurites, Gezrites, and Amalekites (1Sa_27:8-9; 1Sa_30:14; 1Sa_30:26), for these tribes occupied the plateau overhanging the Philistine plain to the W. and wady Murreh to the S. He resided there a year and four months; it was there he received daily new accessions of forces (1Ch_12:1-20), and heard of Saul's death (2Sa_1:1; 2Sa_4:10); thence he went to Hebron (2Sa_2:1). Thus Ziklag lay at the confines of Philistia, Judah, and Amalek. Its position probably was in the open country, pastoral and amble, reached from the S. after passing out of wady er Ruheibeh. The term used in 1Sa_30:11 is "the field (sadeh) of the Philistines"; sadeh is applied to the country of Amalek (Gen_14:7). Reoccupied after the Babylonian captivity by the men of Judah (Neh_11:28).
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.
Zik'lag. (winding). A place which possesses a special interest from its having been the residence and the private property of David. It is first mentioned in the catalogue of the towns of Judah in Jos_15:31, and occurs, in the same connection, among the places which were allotted out of the territory of Judah to Simeon. Jos_19:5.
We next encounter it, in the possession of the Philistines, 1Sa_27:6, when it was, at David's request, bestowed upon him by Achish, king of Gath. He resided there for a year and four months. 1Sa_27:6-7; 1Sa_30:14; 1Sa_30:26; 1Ch_12:1; 1Ch_12:20. It was there, he received the news of Saul's death. 2Sa_1:1; 2Sa_4:10. He then relinquished it for Hebron. 2Sa_2:1.
Ziklag is finally mentioned as being reinhabited by the people of Judah after their return from captivity. Neh_11:28. The situation of the town is difficult to determine, and we only know for certain that it was in the south country.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863
a city of the Philistines, first assigned to the tribe of Judah, and afterward to that of Simeon, Jos_15:31; Jos_19:5; but it does not appear that the Philistines were ever driven out; as, when David fled into their country from Saul, Achish gave the city to him, 1Sa_27:5-6. It was afterward burned by the Amalekites, 1Sa_30:1. But it appears to have been rebuilt, as the author of the First Book of Samuel, when relating its being given to David, adds, that it pertained to the kings of Judah in his time.
Biblical and Theological Dictionary by Richard Watson
PRINTER 1849.
zik?lag (צקלג, ciḳelagh, צקלג, ciḳelāgh (2Sa_1:1), ציקלג, cı̄ḳelagh (1Ch_12:1, 1Ch_12:20); usually in the Septuagint Σεκελάκ, Sekelák, or Σικελάγ, Sikelág): A town assigned (Jos_19:5; 1Ch_4:30) to Simeon, but in Jos_15:31 named, between Hornah and Madmannah, as one of the cities of the Negeb of Judah, ?toward the border of Edom.? It is said (1Sa_27:6) to have remained a royal city. In Neh_11:28 it is in the list of towns reinhabited by the returning children of Judah. Its chief associations are with David. Achish the Philistine king of Gath gave it to David as a residence (1Sa_27:6 f; 1Ch_12:1, 1Ch_12:20); it was raided by the Amalekites, on whom David took vengeance and so recovered his property (1Sa_30:14, 1Sa_30:26); here the messenger who came to announce Saul's death was slain (2Sa_1:1; 2Sa_4:10).
The site of this important place is not yet fixed with certainty; Conder proposed Zucheilı̄ka, a ruin 11 miles South-Southeast of Gaza, and 4 miles North of Wâdy es-Sherı̄‛ă, which may be the ?Brook Besor? (1Sa_30:9, 1Sa_30:10, 1Sa_30:21); Rowland (1842) proposed ‛Aslūj, a heap of ruins South of Beersheba and 7 miles to the East of Bered. Neither site is entirely satisfactory. See Williams, Holy City, I, 463-68; BR, II, 201, PEF, 288, Sh XX.
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
Zik?lag, a city belonging to the tribe of Simeon (Jos_15:31; Jos_19:5), but at times subject to the Philistines of Gath, whose king, Achish, bestowed it upon David for a residence; after which it pertained to Judah (1Sa_27:6; 1Sa_30:1; 1Sa_30:14; 1Sa_30:26; 2Sa_1:1; 1Ch_4:30; Neh_11:28).
While David was absent with his men to join Achish, Ziklag was burned and plundered by the Amalekites; and on his return, after receiving the spoil from them, he remained here till called to assume the crown after the death of Saul. It was during his stay in this place that he was joined by many considerable and valiant persons, whose adhesion to his cause was of much importance to him, and who were ever after held in high esteem in his court and army.
The Popular Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature
by John Kitto.
(Heb. Tsikclag צַקְלִג [on pause צַקַלָג, fully Tsikelag'; צַיקַלִג 1Ch_12:20], winding [Fürst]; Sept. Σεκελά or Σικελάγ v.r. Σικελά etc.; Josephus, Σίκελλα, Ant. 6:13, 10; 14, 6; Steph., Byz. Σέκελα; Vulg. Siceleg), a place which possesses a special interest from its having been the residence and the private property of David. It is first mentioned in the catalogue: of the towns of Judah in Joshua 15 where it is enumerated (Jos_15:31) among those of the extreme south, between Hormah (or Zephath) and Madmannah (possibly Beth-marcaboth). It next occurs in the same connection, among the places which were allotted out of the territory of Judah to Simeon (Jos_19:5). We next encounter it in the possession of the Philistines (1Sa_27:6), when it was, at David's request, bestowed upon him by Achish king of Gath. He resided there for a year and four months (1Sa_27:7; 1 Samuel 31; 1Sa_14:26; 1Ch_12:1; 1Ch_12:20; Josephus [Ant. 6:13, 10] gives this, as one, month and twenty-days). It was there he received the news of Saul's death (2Sa_1:1; in, 2Sa_1:10). He then relinquished it for Hebron (2, 1). Ziklag is finally mentioned, in company with, Beer-sheba, Hazarshual, and other towns of the south, as being reinhabited by the people of Judani after their return from the Captivity (Neh_11:28).
The situation of the town is difficult to determine, notwithstanding so many notices. On the other hand, that it was in the south (Negeb) seems certain, both from the towns named with it, and also from its mention with the south of the Cherethites and the south of Caleb some of whose descendants we know were at Ziph and Maon, perhaps even at Paran (1Sa_25:1). On the other hand, this is difficult to reconcile with its connection with the Philistines and with the fact which follows from the narrative of 1 Samuel 30 (see 1Sa_30:9-10; 1Sa_30:21) that it was north of the brook Besor. The word employed in 1Sa_27:5; 1Sa_27:7; 1Sa_27:11, to denote the region in which it stood is peculiar. It is not hash-Shephelah, as it must have been had Ziklag stood in the ordinary lowland of Philistia, but has-Sadeh, which Prof. Stanley (Sin and Pal. App. § 15) renders the field. On the whole, though the temptation is strong to suppose (as some have suggested) that there were two places of the same name, the only conclusion seems to be that Ziklag was in the south country, with a portion of which the Philistines had a connection, which man have lasted from the time of their residence there in the days of Abraham and Isaac. Ziklag does not appear to have been known to Eusebius and Jerome, or to any .f the older travelers. Mr. Rowlands, however, in his journey from Gaza to Suez in 1842 (in Williams, Holy City, 1, 463-468), was told of an ancient site called Asluj, or Kasluj, with some ancient walls, three hours east of Sebata, which again was two hours and a half south of Khalasa. This he considers as identical with Ziklag. Dr. Robinson had previously (in 1838) heard of Aslui as lying south-west of Milh, on the way to Abdeh (Bibl. Res. 2, 201), a position not discordant with that of Mr. Rowlands. The identification is supported by Mr. Wilton (Negeb, p. 209); but in the Arabic form of the name. the similarity which prompted Mr. Rowlands's conjecture almost entirely disappears (עשלג צקלג). Smith. The English engineers think that they have discovered the name and site of Ziklag in the ruins still called Khirbet Zuheilikah, occupying three small hills, nearly half a mile apart, in the form of an equilateral triangle, together with ancient cities, situated in an open, rolling plain eleven miles east-southeast of Gaza, and nineteen south-west of Beit-Jibrin. (Quar. Report of Pal. Explor. Fund, Jan. 1878, p. 12 sq.). SEE SIMEON.
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
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