Caesar

VIEW:14 DATA:01-04-2020

CÆSAR.—This is the cognomen or surname of the gens Julia, which was borne, for example, by its most illustrious representative, Caius Julius Cæsar. The emperor Augustus (b.c. 23–a.d. 14) had it by adoption, and was officially named ‘Imperator Cæsar Augustus.’ His stepson, the emperor Tiberius, officially ‘Tiberius Cæsar Augustus’ (a.d. 14–37), had it through his adoption by Augustus. It was borne also, amongst other less important persons, by the emperor Caius Cæsar Germanicus (nicknamed ‘Caligula,’ ‘Boots’) (a.d. 37–41), who was a son of Germanicus, the adopted son of the emperor Tiberius. These alone among the Roman emperors had it as a family name, but all the emperors bore it as a title except Vitellius (a.d. 69), and hence we find it continued in the titles Kaiser and Czar. The beginning of this use is seen in the NT. There the name is found always, except twice (Luk_2:1; Luk_3:1), by itself, simply equal to ‘the Emperor.’ The remaining emperors of the 1st cent. are Claudius (wh. see), Nero (wh. see), Galba (9 June 68–15 Jan. 69), Otho (15 Jan.–25 Apr. 69), Vitellius (2 Jan. 69–20 [?] Dec. 70), Vespasian (69–79), Titus (71–79–81), Domitian (81–96), Nerva (96–98), Trajan (97–98–117).
A. Souter.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909

The common title of the successive Roman emperors, taken from Julius Caesar. In the New Testament Augustus in Luk_2:1, Tiberius in Luk_3:1, Claudius in Act_11:28, Nero in Act_25:11, etc. Roman citizens as Paul had the right of "appeal to Caesar," and in criminal cases were sent for judgment to Rome, where was the emperor's court (Php_4:22; compare Php_1:13); Nero is the emperor meant. John's exile to Patmos (Rev_1:9) was probably in Domitian's reign. The current coin bore Caesar's image, the argument which Jesus used to show Caesar could claim tribute (Mat_22:17, etc.). Though Caesar did not call himself "king," the Jews did (Joh_19:15), in which respect Josephus (B. J. 5:2, section 2) confirms the gospel undesignedly.
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.

Cae'sar. Always, in the New Testament, the Roman emperor, the sovereign of Judea. Joh_19:12; Joh_19:15; Act_17:7.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863

a title borne by all the Roman emperors till the destruction of the empire. It took its rise from the surname of the first emperor, Caius Julius Caesar; and this title, by a decree of the senate, all the succeeding emperors were to bear. In Scripture, the reigning emperor is generally mentioned by the name of Caesar, without expressing any other distinction:
so in Mat_22:21,” Render unto Caesar,” &c, Tiberius is meant; and in Act_25:10, “I appeal unto Caesar,” Nero is intended.
Biblical and Theological Dictionary by Richard Watson
PRINTER 1849.

The name ‘Caesar’ was a Roman family name that became famous through Caesar Augustus, the man who in 27 BC introduced a new era in Roman affairs. Out of the disorder that characterized Rome and its colonies, Caesar Augustus founded what became known as the Roman Empire (Luk_2:1). People held him in such honour that later rulers took his name Caesar as their title (Luk_3:1). By New Testament times the common practice was to refer to the Emperor simply as Caesar (Mar_12:14; Luk_20:22; Joh_19:15; Act_17:7; Act_25:11; Act_25:25). For further details see ROME.
Bridgeway Bible Dictionary by Don Fleming
PRINTER 1990.

sē?zar (Καίσαρ, Kaı́sar): Originally the surname of the Julian gens (Thus, Caius Julius Caesar); afterward a name borne by the Roman emperors. In the New Testament the name is definitely applied to Augustus (Luk_2:1, ?Caesar Augustus?), to whom it belonged by adoption, and to Tiberius (Luk_3:1, ?Tiberius Caesar?; compare Mat_22:17, Mat_22:21). The ?Caesar? to whom Paul appealed (Act_25:11, Act_25:12, Act_25:21) was Nero. The form is perpetuated in ?Kaiser? and ?Czar.?

International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.

C??sar, a name assumed by, or conferred upon, all the Roman emperors after Julius Caesar. In this way it became a sort of title like Pharaoh, and, as such, is usually applied to the emperors in the New Testament, without their distinctive proper names (Augustus). The Caesars mentioned in the New Testament are Augustus (Luk_2:1); Tiberius (Luk_3:1; Luk_20:22). Claudius (Act_11:28); Nero (Act_25:8); Caligula, who succeeded Tiberius, is not mentioned.
The Popular Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature
by John Kitto.

Mat_22:21 (b) He represents anyone who rightfully rules over us and to whom certain obligations are due.

Joh_19:12 (c) Here he is a type of any earthly relationship which replaces or displaces the Lordship of CHRIST.
Wilson's Dictionary of Bible Types
press 1957.

Caesar
(Graecized Καῖσαρ; hence the Germ. title Kaiser, Russian Czar), a name assumed by or conferred upon all the Roman emperors after Julius Caesar (who is said to have been so named from his having been born by a surgical operation, ccEsus). In this way It became a sort of title, like Pharaoh, and, as such, is usually applied to the emperors in the New Testament, as the sovereign of Judaea (Joh_19:15; Act_17:7), without theirdistinctive proper names. SEE AUGUSTUS.
It was to him that the Jews paid tribute (Mat_22:17; Luk_20:22; Luk_23:2), and to him that such Jews as were cives Romani had the right of appeal (Act_25:11; Act_26:32; Act_28:19); in which cise, if their cause was a criminal one, they were sent to Rome (Act_25:12; Act_25:21; comp. Pliny, Epp. 10:97), where was the court of the emperor (Php_4:22). The Caesars mentioned in the New Testament are Augustus (Luk_2:1), Tiberius (Luk_3:1; Luk_20:22), Claudius (Act_11:28), Nero (Act_25:8); Caligula, who succeeded Tiberius, is not mentioned. See each name. On Php_4:22, SEE HOUSEHOLD.

CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.

FACEBOOK

Participe de nossa rede facebook.com/osreformadoresdasaude

Novidades, e respostas das perguntas de nossos colaboradores