Convocation

VIEW:18 DATA:01-04-2020

Convocation. This term (with one exception) — Isa_1:13 — is applied, invariably, to meetings of a religious character, in contradistinction to congregation.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863

kon-vō̇-kā?shun: A rendering for מקרא, miḳrā' chiefly in the frequent ?Holy Convocation?; but the word is sometimes used alone, e.g. Num_10:2; Isa_1:13; Isa_4:5. On a holy convocation no work could be done. The phrase differs from ?solemn assembly,? which in the Pentateuch is only applied to the concluding festivals at the end of Passover and Tabernacles, while ?Holy Convocation? is used of the Sabbath and all the great holy days of the Mosaic legislation.

International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.

Convocation
(מַקְרָא, mira', from קָרָא, kara', to call; comp. Num_10:2; Isa_1:13), applied invariably to meetings of a religious character, in contradistinction to congregation, in which political and legal matters were occasionally settled. SEE GOVERNMENT. Hence it is connected with קֹדֶשׁ, holy, and is applied only to the Sabbath and the great annual festivals of the Jews (Exo_12:16; Lev_23:2 sq.; Num_28:18 sq.; Num_29:1 sq.). In this sense, with one exception (Isa_1:13, “assembly”), the word is peculiar to the Pentateuch; but in Isa_4:5, it denotes the place of gathering (“assemblies”), and in Neh_8:3, it signifies the public “reading” of the law in the synagogue service. The Sept. treats it as an adjective (κλητός, ἐπίκλητος; called); but there can be no doubt that the A. V. is correct in its rendering (Smith, s.v.). SEE CONGREGATION. Like the Greek πανηγυρις or mass-meeting (Smith's Dict. of Class. Antiq. s.v. Panegyris), it signifies “a meeting or solemn assembly of a whole people for the purpose of worshipping at a common sanctuary.” The phrase “holy convocation” is applied,
I. To the FEASTS:
1. To the Sabbaths, all of which were “holy convocations” (Lev_23:2-3).
2. To the Passover.
(a.) its first day (Exo_12:16; Lev_23:7; Num_28:18);
(b.) its last day (Exo_12:16; Lev_23:8; Num_28:25).
3. To the Pentecost (Lev_23:21).
4. To the Feast of Trumpets on the 1st of Tisri, the New Year's day of the civil year (Lev_23:24; Num_29:1).
5. To the Feast of Weeks or First-fruits (Num_28:26).
6. To the Feast of Tabernacles:
(a.) its first day (Lev_23:35; Num_29:12);
(b.) its last day (Lev_23:36).
7. As introductory to the enumeration of these feasts (Lev_23:4), and as closing it (Lev_23:7).
II. To the one great FAST, the annual Day of Atonement (Lev_23:27; Num_29:7). To the deep solemnities of “the Holy Convocation,” whether of joy or of sorrow (“afflicting the soul,” as in the last passage), one great feature was common, marked by the command, “Ye shall do no servile work therein” (see all the passages); or more fully in Exo_12:16, “No manner of work shall be done in them, save that which every man must eat, that only may be done of you.” (Such as are curious about the Rabbinical opinions of what might be done, and what might not, on these occasions, may find them in Buxtorf's Synagoga Judaica, especially ch. 19; the joyous celebrations are described in ch. 21, and the expiatory in ch. 25, 26; see also Ugolini Thesaur. 4:988-1052). With this may be compared Strabo's statement (bk. 10), “This is a common practice both of Greeks and barbarians, to perform their sacred services with a festive cessation of labor.” SEE SABBATH.

CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.

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