Corner-Stone
VIEW:17 DATA:01-04-2020
Corner-Stone. A quoin or cornerstone, of great importance in binding together the sides of a building. The phrase "corner-stone" is sometimes used to denote any principal person, as the princes of Egypt, Isa_19:13, and is thus, applied to our Lord. Isa_28:16; Mat_21:42; 1Pe_2:6-7.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863
kôr?nẽr stōn (פנּה, pinnāh, זוית, zāwı̄th; ἀκρογωνιαῖος, akrogōniaı́os): Part of the public or imposing buildings, to which importance has been attached in all ages and in many nations, both on account of its actual service and its figurative meaning. Ordinarily its use in the Bible is figurative, or symbolical. No doubt the original meaning was some important stone, which was laid at the foundation of a building.
(1) With the Canaanites, who preceded Israel in the possession of Palestine, corner-stone laying seems to have been a most sacred and impressive ceremonial. Under this important stone of temples, or other great structures, bodies of children or older persons would be laid, consecrating the building by such human sacrifice (see FORTIFICATION, II, 1). This was one of many hideous rites and practices which Israel was to extirpate. It may throw light on the curse pronounced upon the rebuilding of Jericho (Jos_6:26; see PEFS, January, 1904, July, 1908). See CANAAN.
(2) Old Testament references. - The Hebrew word pinnāh, ?corner,? is found or implied in every occurrence of this idea. Derived from a root signifying ?to turn,? it means ?turning,? and therefore ?edge? or ?corner.? Ordinarily it is used with 'ebhen, ?stone? (Psa_118:22); or it may occur alone, having acquired for itself through frequent use the whole technical phrase-idea (Zec_10:4 the King James Version).
Figurative Uses
While all the passages indicate the stone at the corner, there appear to be two conceptions: (a) The foundation-stone upon which the structure rested (Job_38:6; Isa_28:16; Jer_51:26); or (b) The topmost or cap-stone, which linked the last tier together (Psa_118:22; Zec_4:7); in both cases it is an important or key-stone, and figurative of the Messiah, who is ?the First and the Last.? In Job_38:6 it beautifully expresses in figures the stability of the earth, which Yahweh created. In Zec_10:4 the leader or ruler in the Messianic age is represented by the corner-stone. The ancient tradition of the one missing stone, when the temple was in building, is reflected in or has been suggested by Psa_118:22 (Midrash quoted by Pusey under Zec_4:7). It is probable that we should read in Psa_144:12 not ?corner-stones,? but ?corner-pillars,? or supports (compare Greek Caryatides) from a different Hebrew word, zāwı̄th, Brown, Driver, and Briggs, Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament, under the word
(3) New Testament passages. - Psa_118:22 is quoted and interpreted as fulfilled in Jesus Christ in a number of passages: Mat_21:42; Mar_12:10; Luk_20:17; Act_4:11 and 1Pe_2:7; it is also the evident basis for Eph_2:20. Isa_28:16 is quoted twice in the New Testament: Rom_9:33, from Septuagint combined with the words of Isa_8:14, and in 1Pe_2:6, which is quoted with some variation from Septuagint. The Old Testament passages were understood by the rabbis to be Messianic, and were properly so applied by the New Testament writers. See also HOUSE.
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
The symbolic title of 'chief corner stone' is applied to Christ in Eph_2:20, and 1Pe_2:8; 1Pe_2:16, which last passage is a quotation from Isa_28:16. There seems no valid reason for distinguishing this from the stone called 'the head of the corner' (Mat_21:42), although some contend that the latter is the top-stone or coping. The 'corner-stone' was a large and massive stone so formed as, when placed at a corner, to bind together two outer walls of an edifice. This properly makes no part of the foundation, from which it is distinguished in Jer_51:26; though, as the edifice rests thereon, it may be so called. Sometimes it denotes those massive slabs which, being placed towards the bottom of any wall, serve to bind the work together, as in Isa_28:16. Of these there were often two layers, without cement or mortar. This explanation will sufficiently indicate the sense in which the title of 'chief corner-stone' is applied to Christ.
The Popular Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature
by John Kitto.
Corner-stone
is the first stone of a church, properly laid on the north-east side, as determined by the orientation of the sun on the day of the feast, or patron saint. At Beaulieu only one stone was found on the ground, and it was in this position; that of Avranches, the solitary relic of a cathedral, is still pointed out. In modern churches then most prominent or convenient corner is selected, and the corner-stone is a square block of suitable size, laid at the angle of the topmost course of the foundation. It is customary to hollow it out in a box-like manner, and to deposit within it memorial papers, etc.
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863
kôr?nẽr stōn (פנּה, pinnāh, זוית, zāwı̄th; ἀκρογωνιαῖος, akrogōniaı́os): Part of the public or imposing buildings, to which importance has been attached in all ages and in many nations, both on account of its actual service and its figurative meaning. Ordinarily its use in the Bible is figurative, or symbolical. No doubt the original meaning was some important stone, which was laid at the foundation of a building.
(1) With the Canaanites, who preceded Israel in the possession of Palestine, corner-stone laying seems to have been a most sacred and impressive ceremonial. Under this important stone of temples, or other great structures, bodies of children or older persons would be laid, consecrating the building by such human sacrifice (see FORTIFICATION, II, 1). This was one of many hideous rites and practices which Israel was to extirpate. It may throw light on the curse pronounced upon the rebuilding of Jericho (Jos_6:26; see PEFS, January, 1904, July, 1908). See CANAAN.
(2) Old Testament references. - The Hebrew word pinnāh, ?corner,? is found or implied in every occurrence of this idea. Derived from a root signifying ?to turn,? it means ?turning,? and therefore ?edge? or ?corner.? Ordinarily it is used with 'ebhen, ?stone? (Psa_118:22); or it may occur alone, having acquired for itself through frequent use the whole technical phrase-idea (Zec_10:4 the King James Version).
Figurative Uses
While all the passages indicate the stone at the corner, there appear to be two conceptions: (a) The foundation-stone upon which the structure rested (Job_38:6; Isa_28:16; Jer_51:26); or (b) The topmost or cap-stone, which linked the last tier together (Psa_118:22; Zec_4:7); in both cases it is an important or key-stone, and figurative of the Messiah, who is ?the First and the Last.? In Job_38:6 it beautifully expresses in figures the stability of the earth, which Yahweh created. In Zec_10:4 the leader or ruler in the Messianic age is represented by the corner-stone. The ancient tradition of the one missing stone, when the temple was in building, is reflected in or has been suggested by Psa_118:22 (Midrash quoted by Pusey under Zec_4:7). It is probable that we should read in Psa_144:12 not ?corner-stones,? but ?corner-pillars,? or supports (compare Greek Caryatides) from a different Hebrew word, zāwı̄th, Brown, Driver, and Briggs, Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament, under the word
(3) New Testament passages. - Psa_118:22 is quoted and interpreted as fulfilled in Jesus Christ in a number of passages: Mat_21:42; Mar_12:10; Luk_20:17; Act_4:11 and 1Pe_2:7; it is also the evident basis for Eph_2:20. Isa_28:16 is quoted twice in the New Testament: Rom_9:33, from Septuagint combined with the words of Isa_8:14, and in 1Pe_2:6, which is quoted with some variation from Septuagint. The Old Testament passages were understood by the rabbis to be Messianic, and were properly so applied by the New Testament writers. See also HOUSE.
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
The symbolic title of 'chief corner stone' is applied to Christ in Eph_2:20, and 1Pe_2:8; 1Pe_2:16, which last passage is a quotation from Isa_28:16. There seems no valid reason for distinguishing this from the stone called 'the head of the corner' (Mat_21:42), although some contend that the latter is the top-stone or coping. The 'corner-stone' was a large and massive stone so formed as, when placed at a corner, to bind together two outer walls of an edifice. This properly makes no part of the foundation, from which it is distinguished in Jer_51:26; though, as the edifice rests thereon, it may be so called. Sometimes it denotes those massive slabs which, being placed towards the bottom of any wall, serve to bind the work together, as in Isa_28:16. Of these there were often two layers, without cement or mortar. This explanation will sufficiently indicate the sense in which the title of 'chief corner-stone' is applied to Christ.
The Popular Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature
by John Kitto.
Corner-stone
is the first stone of a church, properly laid on the north-east side, as determined by the orientation of the sun on the day of the feast, or patron saint. At Beaulieu only one stone was found on the ground, and it was in this position; that of Avranches, the solitary relic of a cathedral, is still pointed out. In modern churches then most prominent or convenient corner is selected, and the corner-stone is a square block of suitable size, laid at the angle of the topmost course of the foundation. It is customary to hollow it out in a box-like manner, and to deposit within it memorial papers, etc.
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
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