Onion
VIEW:14 DATA:01-04-2020
Onion. This product is mentioned only in Num_11:5, as one of the good things of Egypt, of which the Israel regretted the loss. Onions have been, from time immemorial, a favorite article of food among the Egyptians,. The onions of Egypt are much milder in flavor, and less pungent than those of this country.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863
בצל , Num_11:5; a well known garden plant with a bulbous root. Onions and garlics were highly esteemed in Egypt; and not without reason, this country being admirably adapted to their culture. The allium cepa, called by the Arabs basal, Hasselquist thinks one of the species of onions for which the Israelites longed. He would infer this from the quantities still used in Egypt, and their goodness. Whoever has tasted onions in Egypt, says he, must allow that none can be had better in any part of the universe. Here they are sweet; in other countries they are nauseous and strong. Here they are soft; whereas in the northern and other parts they are hard, and their coats so compact that they are difficult of digestion. Hence they cannot in any place be eaten with less prejudice, and more satisfaction, than in Egypt. The Egyptians are reproached with swearing by the leeks and onions of their gardens. Juvenal ridicules some of these superstitious people who did not dare to eat leeks, garlic, or onions, for fear of injuring their gods:
Quis nescit, Volusi Bythynice, qualia demens
AEgyptus portenta coit?
Porrum et cepe nefas violare aut frangere morsu; O sanctas gentes quibus haec nascuntur in hortis Numina! Sat. 15.
How Egypt, mad with superstition grown, Makes gods of monsters, but too well is known.
Tis mortal sin an onion to devour; Each clove of garlic has a sacred power. Religious nation, sure! and blest abodes, Where ev'ry garden is o'errun with gods!
So Lucian in his Jupiter, where he is giving an account of the different deities worshipped by the several inhabitants of Egypt, says, Πηλουσιωταις δε κρομμυον, those of Pelusium worship the onion. Hence arises a question, how the Israelites durst venture to violate the national worship, by eating those sacred plants. We may answer, in the first place, that whatever might be the case of the Egyptians in later ages, it is not probable that they were arrived at such a pitch of superstition in the time of Moses; for we find no indications of this in Herodotus, the most ancient of the Greek historians: secondly, the writers here quoted appear to be mistaken in imagining these plants to have been generally the objects of religious worship. The priests, indeed, abstained from the use of them, and several other vegetables; and this might give rise to the opinion of their being reverenced as divinities: but the use of them was not prohibited to the people, as is plain from the testimonies of ancient authors, particularly of Diodorus Siculus.
Biblical and Theological Dictionary by Richard Watson
PRINTER 1849.
Onions are mentioned in Num_11:5, among the articles of food for which the Israelites murmured. The onion was early employed as an article of diet in Egypt. It is distinguished from other species of Allium by its fistular leaves and swelling stalks, and is well known to be cultivated in all parts of Europe and in most parts of Asia. Its native country is not known; but it is probable that some part of the Persian region may have first produced it in a wild state, as many species of Allium are found in the mountainous chain which extends from the Caspian to Cashmere, and likewise in the Himalayan Mountains. It is common in Persia, where it is called piaz, and has been long introduced into India, where it receives the same name. The onions of warm dry countries grow to a considerable size, and, instead of being acrid and pungent in taste, are comparatively bland, and mild and nutritious articles of diet. This is particularly conspicuous in the Portugal onions, which are largely imported into this country. Other celebrated varieties are those of Spain and Tripoli; but Egypt itself is famed for the production of fine onions, as stated by Hasselquist: 'Whoever has tasted onions in Egypt, must allow that none can be had better in any part of the universe. Here they are sweet; in other countries they are nauseous and strong. Here they are soft; whereas in the northern and other parts they are hard, and their coats are so compact, that they are difficult of digestion. Hence they cannot in any place be eaten with less prejudice and more satisfaction than in Egypt.'
The Popular Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature
by John Kitto.
Num_11:5 (c) This vegetable is a type of that which the world offers to the Christian in the place of manna from Heaven. It may consist of pleasures, business, sports, education, music, religion or evil practices. The world seeks to feed on these things rather than on the Lord JESUS CHRIST, His Word, and His Work. He is the Bread of Life. Those who eat onions carry the effect with them, the odor is unmistakable. So those who participate in the things of the world and have no use for the heavenly manna can easily be distinguished by the effect in their lives.
Wilson's Dictionary of Bible Types
press 1957.
Onion
(בֶּצֶל, betsel, only found in Num_11:5, in the plural form בְּצָלַים, from the root בָּצִל, same as כּצִל, to peel; Sept. κρόμμυον; Vulg. caepe). The Israelites in Taberah, weeping for the flesh of Egypt, said: We remember the fish, which we did eat in Egypt freely; the cucumbers, and the melons, and the leeks and the onions (betsalim), and the garlic (Num_11:4-5). Though the identification of many Biblical plants is considered uncertain, there can be no doubt that betsel means the common onion, the Alium cepa of botanists. This is proved by its Arabic name, and its early employment as an article of diet in Egypt. In the present day the onion, distinguished from other species of Allium by its fistular leaves and swelling stalks, is well known as cultivated in all parts of Europe aid in most parts of Asia. Its native country is not known; but it is probable that some part of the Persian region first produced it in a wild state, as many species of Aliudm are found in the mountainous chain which extends from the Caspian to Cashmere, and likewise in the Himalaya Mountains. It is common in Persia, where it is called piaz, and has long been introduced into India, where it receives the same name. By the Arabs it is called basl or bassal, under which name it is described in their works on Materia Medica, where the description of κρόμμυον given by Dioscorides (2:181) is adopted. That the onion has long been cultivated in the south of Europe and in the north of Asia is evident. from the different kinds enumerated by Theophrastus, which he states derived their names chiefly from the places where they were reared. Among these probably some other species may have been included; but no doubt several were varieties only of the onion. Pliny (Hist. Nat. 19:6) also enumerates these as well as others cultivated in Italy, and notices the superstition of the Egyptians in regard to them: Where, by the way, I cannot overpass the foolish superstition of the Egyptians, who used to swear by garlick and onions, calling them to witness in taking their othes, as if they were no less than some gods (Holland's transl.). Juvenal (Sat. 15:9) in like manner ridicules the Egyptians for their superstitious veneration of onions, etc.: holy nation, that raises in gardens its inviolable divinities, the leeks and the onions! This, however, must be an exaggerated statement, as it is unlikely that the Israelites should have been allowed to regale themselves upon what was considered too sacred for or forbidden to their taskmasters. It is probable, as suggested by Dr. Harris, that the priests only refrained from what was freely partaken of in the rest of the people.
This may be observed in the present day among the Brahmins of India. It has also been supposed that some particular kind of onion may have been held sacred, from its utility as a medicine. as the sea-onion, or squill (Scilla maritima), which grows in abundance on the sea-coast in the neighborhood of Pelusium, whose inhabitants are said by Lucian to have especially worshipped the onion. But it is evident that the Israelites in the desert did not long for that acrid bulb as they did for the melons and cucumbers (Kitto). It may, moreover, be remarked that the onions of warm, dry countries grow to a considerable size, and instead of being acrid and pungent in taste, are comparatively bland and mild and nutritious articles of diet.' This is conspicuous in the Portugalonionis, which are largely imported into other countries; but it especially distinguishes the onions of Egypt, as travelers have often remarked (Wilkinson, Anc. Egyptians [Harpers' ed.], 1:169), they being an important part of the food of the nation (Herod. 2:125; comp. Wilkinson, 1:168 sq.) and a leading article of the markets (Sonini, Trav. 2:321; comp. Arvieux, Voyage, I, 176; Korte, Reis. p. 430). Hasselquist (Trav. p. 290) says, Whoever has tasted onions in Egypt must allow that none can be had better in any other part of the universe: here they are sweet; in other countries they are nauseous and strong. They eat them roasted, cut into four pieces, with some bits of roasted meat which the Turks in Egypt call kebab; and with this dish they are so delighted that I have heard them wish they might enjoy it in Paradise. They likewise make a soup of them. The Jews cultivated onions in Palestine, and the Talmud often mentions them (see Mishna, Terumoth, 2:5; 10:1; Meaaser. v. 8). Korte (Reis. p. 430) remarks that in Asia Minor also the onions are better than in Europe.
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863
בצל , Num_11:5; a well known garden plant with a bulbous root. Onions and garlics were highly esteemed in Egypt; and not without reason, this country being admirably adapted to their culture. The allium cepa, called by the Arabs basal, Hasselquist thinks one of the species of onions for which the Israelites longed. He would infer this from the quantities still used in Egypt, and their goodness. Whoever has tasted onions in Egypt, says he, must allow that none can be had better in any part of the universe. Here they are sweet; in other countries they are nauseous and strong. Here they are soft; whereas in the northern and other parts they are hard, and their coats so compact that they are difficult of digestion. Hence they cannot in any place be eaten with less prejudice, and more satisfaction, than in Egypt. The Egyptians are reproached with swearing by the leeks and onions of their gardens. Juvenal ridicules some of these superstitious people who did not dare to eat leeks, garlic, or onions, for fear of injuring their gods:
Quis nescit, Volusi Bythynice, qualia demens
AEgyptus portenta coit?
Porrum et cepe nefas violare aut frangere morsu; O sanctas gentes quibus haec nascuntur in hortis Numina! Sat. 15.
How Egypt, mad with superstition grown, Makes gods of monsters, but too well is known.
Tis mortal sin an onion to devour; Each clove of garlic has a sacred power. Religious nation, sure! and blest abodes, Where ev'ry garden is o'errun with gods!
So Lucian in his Jupiter, where he is giving an account of the different deities worshipped by the several inhabitants of Egypt, says, Πηλουσιωταις δε κρομμυον, those of Pelusium worship the onion. Hence arises a question, how the Israelites durst venture to violate the national worship, by eating those sacred plants. We may answer, in the first place, that whatever might be the case of the Egyptians in later ages, it is not probable that they were arrived at such a pitch of superstition in the time of Moses; for we find no indications of this in Herodotus, the most ancient of the Greek historians: secondly, the writers here quoted appear to be mistaken in imagining these plants to have been generally the objects of religious worship. The priests, indeed, abstained from the use of them, and several other vegetables; and this might give rise to the opinion of their being reverenced as divinities: but the use of them was not prohibited to the people, as is plain from the testimonies of ancient authors, particularly of Diodorus Siculus.
Biblical and Theological Dictionary by Richard Watson
PRINTER 1849.
Onions are mentioned in Num_11:5, among the articles of food for which the Israelites murmured. The onion was early employed as an article of diet in Egypt. It is distinguished from other species of Allium by its fistular leaves and swelling stalks, and is well known to be cultivated in all parts of Europe and in most parts of Asia. Its native country is not known; but it is probable that some part of the Persian region may have first produced it in a wild state, as many species of Allium are found in the mountainous chain which extends from the Caspian to Cashmere, and likewise in the Himalayan Mountains. It is common in Persia, where it is called piaz, and has been long introduced into India, where it receives the same name. The onions of warm dry countries grow to a considerable size, and, instead of being acrid and pungent in taste, are comparatively bland, and mild and nutritious articles of diet. This is particularly conspicuous in the Portugal onions, which are largely imported into this country. Other celebrated varieties are those of Spain and Tripoli; but Egypt itself is famed for the production of fine onions, as stated by Hasselquist: 'Whoever has tasted onions in Egypt, must allow that none can be had better in any part of the universe. Here they are sweet; in other countries they are nauseous and strong. Here they are soft; whereas in the northern and other parts they are hard, and their coats are so compact, that they are difficult of digestion. Hence they cannot in any place be eaten with less prejudice and more satisfaction than in Egypt.'
The Popular Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature
by John Kitto.
Num_11:5 (c) This vegetable is a type of that which the world offers to the Christian in the place of manna from Heaven. It may consist of pleasures, business, sports, education, music, religion or evil practices. The world seeks to feed on these things rather than on the Lord JESUS CHRIST, His Word, and His Work. He is the Bread of Life. Those who eat onions carry the effect with them, the odor is unmistakable. So those who participate in the things of the world and have no use for the heavenly manna can easily be distinguished by the effect in their lives.
Wilson's Dictionary of Bible Types
press 1957.
Onion
(בֶּצֶל, betsel, only found in Num_11:5, in the plural form בְּצָלַים, from the root בָּצִל, same as כּצִל, to peel; Sept. κρόμμυον; Vulg. caepe). The Israelites in Taberah, weeping for the flesh of Egypt, said: We remember the fish, which we did eat in Egypt freely; the cucumbers, and the melons, and the leeks and the onions (betsalim), and the garlic (Num_11:4-5). Though the identification of many Biblical plants is considered uncertain, there can be no doubt that betsel means the common onion, the Alium cepa of botanists. This is proved by its Arabic name, and its early employment as an article of diet in Egypt. In the present day the onion, distinguished from other species of Allium by its fistular leaves and swelling stalks, is well known as cultivated in all parts of Europe aid in most parts of Asia. Its native country is not known; but it is probable that some part of the Persian region first produced it in a wild state, as many species of Aliudm are found in the mountainous chain which extends from the Caspian to Cashmere, and likewise in the Himalaya Mountains. It is common in Persia, where it is called piaz, and has long been introduced into India, where it receives the same name. By the Arabs it is called basl or bassal, under which name it is described in their works on Materia Medica, where the description of κρόμμυον given by Dioscorides (2:181) is adopted. That the onion has long been cultivated in the south of Europe and in the north of Asia is evident. from the different kinds enumerated by Theophrastus, which he states derived their names chiefly from the places where they were reared. Among these probably some other species may have been included; but no doubt several were varieties only of the onion. Pliny (Hist. Nat. 19:6) also enumerates these as well as others cultivated in Italy, and notices the superstition of the Egyptians in regard to them: Where, by the way, I cannot overpass the foolish superstition of the Egyptians, who used to swear by garlick and onions, calling them to witness in taking their othes, as if they were no less than some gods (Holland's transl.). Juvenal (Sat. 15:9) in like manner ridicules the Egyptians for their superstitious veneration of onions, etc.: holy nation, that raises in gardens its inviolable divinities, the leeks and the onions! This, however, must be an exaggerated statement, as it is unlikely that the Israelites should have been allowed to regale themselves upon what was considered too sacred for or forbidden to their taskmasters. It is probable, as suggested by Dr. Harris, that the priests only refrained from what was freely partaken of in the rest of the people.
This may be observed in the present day among the Brahmins of India. It has also been supposed that some particular kind of onion may have been held sacred, from its utility as a medicine. as the sea-onion, or squill (Scilla maritima), which grows in abundance on the sea-coast in the neighborhood of Pelusium, whose inhabitants are said by Lucian to have especially worshipped the onion. But it is evident that the Israelites in the desert did not long for that acrid bulb as they did for the melons and cucumbers (Kitto). It may, moreover, be remarked that the onions of warm, dry countries grow to a considerable size, and instead of being acrid and pungent in taste, are comparatively bland and mild and nutritious articles of diet.' This is conspicuous in the Portugalonionis, which are largely imported into other countries; but it especially distinguishes the onions of Egypt, as travelers have often remarked (Wilkinson, Anc. Egyptians [Harpers' ed.], 1:169), they being an important part of the food of the nation (Herod. 2:125; comp. Wilkinson, 1:168 sq.) and a leading article of the markets (Sonini, Trav. 2:321; comp. Arvieux, Voyage, I, 176; Korte, Reis. p. 430). Hasselquist (Trav. p. 290) says, Whoever has tasted onions in Egypt must allow that none can be had better in any other part of the universe: here they are sweet; in other countries they are nauseous and strong. They eat them roasted, cut into four pieces, with some bits of roasted meat which the Turks in Egypt call kebab; and with this dish they are so delighted that I have heard them wish they might enjoy it in Paradise. They likewise make a soup of them. The Jews cultivated onions in Palestine, and the Talmud often mentions them (see Mishna, Terumoth, 2:5; 10:1; Meaaser. v. 8). Korte (Reis. p. 430) remarks that in Asia Minor also the onions are better than in Europe.
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
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