Threshing
VIEW:16 DATA:01-04-2020
Threshing. See Agriculture.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863
thresh?ing (דּוּשׁ, dūsh; ἀλοάω, aloáō): Dūsh means literally, ?to trample out.? In Jer_51:33, דּרך, dārakh, is used of threshing. Fitches and cummin were beaten off with a rod. The distinction between beating and threshing is made in Isa_28:27. Gideon, in order to avoid being seen by the Midianites, beat out his wheat in a wine press instead of threshing it on the threshing-floor (Jdg_6:11). For a general description of the threshing operations see AGRICULTURE.
Figurative: ?Thou shalt thresh the mountains,? i.e. thou wilt overcome great difficulties (Isa_41:15). Babylon's destruction was foretold poetically in the language of the threshing-floor (Isa_21:10; Jer_51:33; Dan_2:35); Zion's foes would be gathered as sheaves on the threshing-floor (Mic_4:12, Mic_4:13; compare 2Ki_13:7; Amo_1:3; Hab_3:12); threshing unto the vintage, i.e. throughout the summer, indicated an extra abundant yield (Lev_26:5).
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
[AGRICULTURE]
The Popular Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature
by John Kitto.
(prop. הוּשׁ; but sometimes הַדְרַיךְ, to tread out, ἀλοάειν; and occasionally חָבִט). The Hebrews made use of three different-processes for separating the grain from the stalk (comp. Isa_28:27 sq.), an operation always carried on in the open air. SEE STRAW.
1. In the earliest period, and even later for small quantities, especially in the former part of the harvest season, and for the frailer kinds of grain, the seed was beaten out with sticks (חָבִט, Sept. ῥαβδίζειν). This was a process applied to other agricultural products (Jerome, ad Isaiah loc. cit.), as well as to field grain (Jdg_6:11;. Rth_2:17; Isa_28:27; comp. Columel. 2, 21; Strabo, 4:201). It is a method still in use in the East (Robinson, 2, 650; 3, 233). SEE HARVEST.
2. Usually, however, horned cattle (Mishna, Shebiith, 5, 8, as still in Egypt, Arabia, and Syria), seldom asses or (in modern times) horses (Shaw, p. 124; Buckingham, p. 288), were driven around, usually yoked in pairs or several abreast, and these, by means of their hoofs (Mic_4:13), cut up and separated the chaff and straw from the grain (Isa_28:28; Jer_50:11; Hos_10:11; comp. Varro, De Re Rust. 1, 51; Homer, 11. 20:495 sq.; Pliny, 18:72). So also in ancient Egypt (Wilkinson, 2nd ser. 1, 87, 90). SEE THRESHING-FLOOR.
3. The most, effectual method of threshing was by means of threshing- machines ( מוֹרִג חִרוּוֹ[Arab. noraj], or simply חָרוּוֹ, Isa_28:27; Isa_41:15; Job_41:22; also בִּרְקָן, Jdg_8:7; Jdg_8:16; see Gesen. Thesaur. p. 244; τρίβολον, tribulum, Pliny, 18:72; Talm. טריבל). These consisted sometimes of a wooden plank (trahea, or traha) set with sharp stones or iron points, which was dragged over the sheaves (Rashi, on Isa_41:15; comp. Varro, 1, 52; Columel. 2, 21; Virgil, Georg. 1, 164), sometimes of a sort of cart or wheeled sledge (plostellum Phanicum; comp. Jerome, ad Isa_25:10; Isa_28:27). Such a wagon is mentioned in Isa_28:27 sq. ( אוֹפִן עֲגָלָה and גִּלְגִּל עֲגָלָה). SEE THRESHING- INSTRUMENT.
Cattle were used for this vehicle, as usually still among the Arabians (Wellsted, 1, 194); and the Mosaic law forbade the yoking-together of various kinds of beasts, as well as the muzzling of the animals (Deu_25:4; Josephus, Ant. 4:8, 21; 1Co_9:9; Talmud, Kelim, 16:7; comp. Elian, Anim. 4:25), a usage prevalent among the ancient Egyptians and other nations (Bochart, Hieroz. 1, 401; comp. Michaelis, Mos. Recht, 3, 130). SEE MUZZLE.
Threshing is frequently employed by the Hebrew poets as a figure of the divine or providential chastisements, especially national invasion (Isa_41:15; Jer_51:33; Mic_4:13; Hab_3:12). In one passage (Isa_21:10), the bruised grain is made an image of the captive Jews. See generally Schöttgen, Triturce et Fullonice Antiquitates (Tr. ad Rh. 1727; Lips. 1763); Paulsen, Ackersbau, p. 110 sq. SEE AGRICULTURE.
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863
thresh?ing (דּוּשׁ, dūsh; ἀλοάω, aloáō): Dūsh means literally, ?to trample out.? In Jer_51:33, דּרך, dārakh, is used of threshing. Fitches and cummin were beaten off with a rod. The distinction between beating and threshing is made in Isa_28:27. Gideon, in order to avoid being seen by the Midianites, beat out his wheat in a wine press instead of threshing it on the threshing-floor (Jdg_6:11). For a general description of the threshing operations see AGRICULTURE.
Figurative: ?Thou shalt thresh the mountains,? i.e. thou wilt overcome great difficulties (Isa_41:15). Babylon's destruction was foretold poetically in the language of the threshing-floor (Isa_21:10; Jer_51:33; Dan_2:35); Zion's foes would be gathered as sheaves on the threshing-floor (Mic_4:12, Mic_4:13; compare 2Ki_13:7; Amo_1:3; Hab_3:12); threshing unto the vintage, i.e. throughout the summer, indicated an extra abundant yield (Lev_26:5).
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
[AGRICULTURE]
The Popular Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature
by John Kitto.
(prop. הוּשׁ; but sometimes הַדְרַיךְ, to tread out, ἀλοάειν; and occasionally חָבִט). The Hebrews made use of three different-processes for separating the grain from the stalk (comp. Isa_28:27 sq.), an operation always carried on in the open air. SEE STRAW.
1. In the earliest period, and even later for small quantities, especially in the former part of the harvest season, and for the frailer kinds of grain, the seed was beaten out with sticks (חָבִט, Sept. ῥαβδίζειν). This was a process applied to other agricultural products (Jerome, ad Isaiah loc. cit.), as well as to field grain (Jdg_6:11;. Rth_2:17; Isa_28:27; comp. Columel. 2, 21; Strabo, 4:201). It is a method still in use in the East (Robinson, 2, 650; 3, 233). SEE HARVEST.
2. Usually, however, horned cattle (Mishna, Shebiith, 5, 8, as still in Egypt, Arabia, and Syria), seldom asses or (in modern times) horses (Shaw, p. 124; Buckingham, p. 288), were driven around, usually yoked in pairs or several abreast, and these, by means of their hoofs (Mic_4:13), cut up and separated the chaff and straw from the grain (Isa_28:28; Jer_50:11; Hos_10:11; comp. Varro, De Re Rust. 1, 51; Homer, 11. 20:495 sq.; Pliny, 18:72). So also in ancient Egypt (Wilkinson, 2nd ser. 1, 87, 90). SEE THRESHING-FLOOR.
3. The most, effectual method of threshing was by means of threshing- machines ( מוֹרִג חִרוּוֹ[Arab. noraj], or simply חָרוּוֹ, Isa_28:27; Isa_41:15; Job_41:22; also בִּרְקָן, Jdg_8:7; Jdg_8:16; see Gesen. Thesaur. p. 244; τρίβολον, tribulum, Pliny, 18:72; Talm. טריבל). These consisted sometimes of a wooden plank (trahea, or traha) set with sharp stones or iron points, which was dragged over the sheaves (Rashi, on Isa_41:15; comp. Varro, 1, 52; Columel. 2, 21; Virgil, Georg. 1, 164), sometimes of a sort of cart or wheeled sledge (plostellum Phanicum; comp. Jerome, ad Isa_25:10; Isa_28:27). Such a wagon is mentioned in Isa_28:27 sq. ( אוֹפִן עֲגָלָה and גִּלְגִּל עֲגָלָה). SEE THRESHING- INSTRUMENT.
Cattle were used for this vehicle, as usually still among the Arabians (Wellsted, 1, 194); and the Mosaic law forbade the yoking-together of various kinds of beasts, as well as the muzzling of the animals (Deu_25:4; Josephus, Ant. 4:8, 21; 1Co_9:9; Talmud, Kelim, 16:7; comp. Elian, Anim. 4:25), a usage prevalent among the ancient Egyptians and other nations (Bochart, Hieroz. 1, 401; comp. Michaelis, Mos. Recht, 3, 130). SEE MUZZLE.
Threshing is frequently employed by the Hebrew poets as a figure of the divine or providential chastisements, especially national invasion (Isa_41:15; Jer_51:33; Mic_4:13; Hab_3:12). In one passage (Isa_21:10), the bruised grain is made an image of the captive Jews. See generally Schöttgen, Triturce et Fullonice Antiquitates (Tr. ad Rh. 1727; Lips. 1763); Paulsen, Ackersbau, p. 110 sq. SEE AGRICULTURE.
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
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