Valley
VIEW:20 DATA:01-04-2020
(See VALE.)
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.
Valley. It is hardly necessary to state that these words signify a hollow sweep of ground between two more or less parallel ridges of high land. The structure of the greater part of the Holy Land does not lend itself to the formation of valleys in our sense of the word. The abrupt transitions of its crowded rocky hills preclude the existence of any extended sweep of valley. Valley is employed in the Authorized Version to render five distinct Hebrew words.
1. 'Emek. This appears to approach more nearly to the general sense of the English word, valley, than any other. It is connected with several places.
2. Gai or ge. Of this, there is fortunately, one example which can be identified with certainty the deep hollow which compasses the southwest and south of Jerusalem. This identification establishes the ge as a deep and abrupt ravine, with steep sides and narrow bottom.
3. Nachal. This word answers to the Arabic wady, and expresses, as no single English word can, the bed of a stream (often wide and shelving, and like a "valley" in character, which in the rainy season may be nearly filled by a foaming torrent, though for the greater part of the year dry).
4. Bik'ah. This term appears to mean rather a plain (enclosed by mountains) than a valley, though so far resembling it as to be enclosed by mountains. It is rendered by "valley" in Deu_34:3; Jos_11:8; Jos_11:17; Jos_12:7; 2Ch_35:22; Zec_12:11.
5. has-Shefelah. The district to which the name has-Shefelah is applied in the Bible has no resemblance whatever to a valley, but is a broad, swelling tract of many hundred miles in area, which sweeps gently down from the mountains Judah to the Mediterranean. It is rendered "the vale" in Deu_1:7; Jos_10:40; 1Ki_10:27; 2Ch_1:15; Jer_33:13 and "the valley" or "the valleys" in Jos_9:1; Jos_11:2; Jos_11:16; Jos_12:8; Jos_15:33; Jdg_1:9; Jer_32:44.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863
val?i. See VALE; VALLEY.
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
Psa_23:4 (b) David describes in this way the deep sorrow and perplexity which comes upon a person as he nears the portals of death. It may refer also to the times of deep sorrow and trouble through which persons pass along life's pathway.
Son_2:1 (c) No doubt this is descriptive of the deeply distressing experiences of life into which the Lord brings the fragrance of His presence, the comfort of His words, and the sweetness of His fellowship to His own people. We should note that the word is in the plural, for there are many valleys between the cradle and the grave.
Isa_22:1 (c) This probably represents the feelings of the prophet when he was depressed in spirit, and felt quite crushed beneath the burden of Israel's future. He was looking forward to the terrible destruction that awaited His people and it brought him low before the Lord.
Isa_40:4 (c) It may be that this is literal, and yet it may indicate that deep sorrows and perplexities may be overcome and great difficulties may be removed. It probably is a figure of the smooth, blessed life in which Christians may walk when GOD is present in power. (See also Luk_3:5).
Jer_2:23 (a) It seems as though these enemies of GOD were hiding in secret places to carry out their wicked designs. Where there should have been happiness under GOD's blessing, they were sinning and inviting GOD's wrath.
Eze_37:1 (a) GOD sees all the nation of Israel as gathered together in one place, and that a low place. We see Israel scattered all over the world, and found in every country. No doubt they are in the valley, for they are the subjects of other people when they should be citizens of their own country, with their own king. GOD sees all of Israel, every person of Israel as though they were in one place constituting one unit. (See under "BONES"), for a description of this truth found in this passage).
Wilson's Dictionary of Bible Types
press 1957.
(also Vale), a hollow sweep of ground between two more or less parallel ridges of high land. Vale is the poetical or provincial form. It is in the nature of the case that the center of a valley should usually be occupied by the stream which forms the drain of the high land on either side, and from this it commonly receives its name. Valley is distinguished from other terms more or less closely related on the one hand, from glen, ravine, gorge, or dell, which all express a depression at once more abrupt and smaller than a valley; on the other hand, from plain, which, though it may be used of a wide valley, is not ordinarily or necessarily so. It is to be regretted that with this quasi-precision of meaning the term should not have been employed with more restriction in the A.V. SEE TOPOGRAPHICAL TERMS.
The structure of the greater part of the Holy Land does .not lend itself to the formation of valleys in our sense of the word. The abrupt transitions of its crowded rocky hills preclude the existence of any extended sweep of valley; and where one such does occur, as at Hebron or on the south-east of Gerizim, the irregular and unsymmetrical positions of the enclosing hills rob it of the character of a valley. The nearest approach is found in; the space between the mountains of Gerizim and Ebal, which contains the town of Nablûs, the ancient Shechem. This, however, by a singular chance, is not mentioned in the Bible. Another is the valley of Jezreel, the undulating hollow which intervenes between (Gilboa Jebel Fukua); and the so-called Little Hermon (Jebel Duhv). SEE PALESTINE. Valley is employed in the A.V. to render the following Heb. and Gr. words. SEE DALE; SEE PLAIN.
1. Bik'ah (בַּקַעָה, from בָּקִע, to cleave; Sept. πεδίον) appears to mean rather a plain than a valley, wider than the latter, though so far resembling it as to be-enclosed by mountains, like the wide district between Lebanon and Anti-lebanon, which is still called the Beka'a. It denotes a wide alluvial bottom, and its levelness is plainly referred to in Isa_40:4. It is usually rendered valley (Deu_8:7; Deu_11:1; Deu_34:3; Jos_11:8; Jos_11:17; Jos_12:7; 2Ch_35:22; Psa_104:8; Isa_41:18; Isa_63:14; Eze_37:1-2.; Zec_12:11); elsewhere plain (Gen_11:2; Neh_6:2; Isa_40:4; Eze_3:22-23; Eze_8:4; Amo_1:5). This Heb. term is applied to the following places:
(1.) The Valley of Shinar (בַּקְעִת שַׁנְעָר), the rich plain of Babylonia (Gen_11:2). SEE SHINAR.
(2.) The Valley of Jericho (בַּקְּעִת יְרֵחוֹ, the lower end of the Ghor, or plain, through which the Jordan flows unto the Dead Sea (Deu_34:3). SEE JERICHO.
(3.) The Valley of Lebanon (בַּקְעִת הִלְּבָנוֹן), the plain of Coele-Syria between the Lebanon and Anti-lebanon ranges (Jos_11:17). SEE LEBANON,
(4.) The Valley of Miegiddo. (בַּקְעִת מְגַדּוֹ), a part of the plain of Esdraelon, through which the Kishan flowed (2Ch_35:22; Zec_12:11). SEE MEGIDDO.
(5.) The Valley of Mizpeh (בַּקְעִת מַצְפֶּה), the plain t the Hauran or of- Gilead, east of the Jordan (Jos_11:4). SEE MIZPEH.
(6.) The Valley of Sharon (בַּקְעִת הִשָּׁרוֹן), the level tract about Joppa, Lod, and Ramleh (Neh_6:2). SEE SHARON.
(7.) The Valley of Aven (בַּקְעִת אָוֶן), the plain of Damascene Syria (Amo_1:5), thought by some to be the same as No; 3. SEE AVSE.
2. Enmek ( עֵמֶקfrom עָמִק, to be deep; Sept. usually φάραγξ or κοιλάς, occasionally αὐλών, πεδίον or Ε᾿μέκ, Α᾿μέκ A.V. invariably [except Gen_14:17; 1Sa_18:18] valley) designates a long broad sweep between parallel ranges of hills of less extent than the preceding term, but greater than' the following ones, and answering quite closely, to the Western idea in general of a valley in its proper sense, having the idea of lowness and breadth rather than precipitateness or confinement. It is specifically applied to the following localities, which we enumerate in alphabetical order:
(1.) The Valley of Achor (עֵמֶק עָכוֹר), a valley near the N.W. end of the Dead Sea (Jos_7:24; Jos_7:26; Jos_15:7; Isa_65:10; Hos_2:15). SEE ACHOR.
(2.) The Valley of Ajalon ( עֵמֶק אִיָּלוֹן), a valley in the tribe of Dan (Jos_10:12). SEE AJALON.
(3.) The Valley of Hebron (עֵמֶק חֵבְרוֹו), the valley in which Hebron lies (Gen_38:4). SEE HEBRON.
(4.) The Valley of Jehoshaphat (עֵמֶק יְהוֹשְׁפְט), the valley between Jerusalem and the Mount of Olives (Joe_3:2; Joe_3:12); in the same connection called figuratively the valley of the decision (עֵמֶק הֶחָרוּוֹ). SEE JEHOSHAPHAT.
(5.) The Valley of Jezleel (עֵמֶק יַזְרְעֵאל), the eastern extension of the plain of Esdraelon (Jos_17:16; Jdg_6:33; Hos_1:5) SEE JEZREEL.
(6.) The Valley of Keziz (עֵמֶק קְצַיוֹ) a valley in the tribe of Benjamin (Jos_18:21). SEE KEZIZ.
Besides the above, the term is sometimes used as an appellative for certain well known localities, e.g. the valley of the weeping (Psa_74:6; A.V. valley of Baka [q.v.]), the valley of blessing (2Ch_20:26; A.:V. valley of Berachah [q.v.), the valley of the back (1Sa_17:2; 1Sa_17:19; 1Sa_21:9; A.V. valley of Elah [q.v.]), the valley of -giants (Jos_15:8; Jos_18:16; valley of Rephaim [q.v.], 2Sa_5:18; 2Sa_5:22; 2Sa_23:13; 1Ch_11:15; 1Ch_14:9; Isa_17:5), the valley of Shaveh [q.v.]; (Gen_14:17), or of the king (dale, ibid.; 2Sa_18:18), the valley of the slime-pits (Genesis 64:3, 8, 10; A.V. of Siddim [q.v.]), the alley of booths (Psa_60:6; Psa_108:7; A.V. of Succoth [q.v.]), etc.
3. Gay ( גִּיְאor גִּי) or Gey ( גֵּיאor גֵּיא; plur. גֵאָיּוֹתand גְּיָאוֹת, from גָיָא; to flow; Sept. usually φάραγξ), a deep narrow ravine with a (winter or perennial) stream in the bottom either between hills (like the Ge-Hinnom at Jerusalem) or through an open plain (as along the Mediterranean or in Moab). In the A.V. it is invariably rendered valley (in the Sept. occasionally κοιλάς, νάπη, αὐλών,-and even γῆ). It is applied distinctively to the following localities. See also Ai; Beth-peor, etc.
(1.) The Valley of Hinnom (גַּי הַנֹּם, Jos_15:8; Jos_18:16; Neh_11:30), or of the Son of Hinnom (הַנֹּ בֵּןאּ, Jos_15:8; Jos_18:16; 2Ki_23:10; 2Ch_28:3; 2Ch_33:6; Jer_7:31-32; Jer_19:2; Jer_19:6; Jer_32:35), the ravine on the south-western side of Jerusalem, whence the term Gehenna (q.v.).
(2.) The Valley of Jiphthah-el (גֵּי יַפְתִּחאּאֵל), a ravine on the boundary between Zebulin and Asher (Jos_19:14; Jos_19:27). SEE JIPHTHAH-EL.
(3.) The Valley of Zephathah (גֵּיא צְפָתָה), a ravine in the tribe of Simeon (2Ch_14:10). SEE ZEPHAITHAH.
(4.) The Valley of Gedor (גּיא גְּדוֹר), another ravine in Simeon (1Ch_4:39).
(5.) The Valley of Hammon-gog (גֵּיא הֲמוֹן גּוֹג, Eze_39:11; Eze_39:15), or of the Passengers (גֵּי הָעֹבְרַם, Eze_39:11), a ravine on the east of the Sea of Galilee. SEE HAMON-GOG.
(6.) The Valley of the Craftsmen (גַּי הִחֲרָשַׁים, Neh_11:35; or גֵּיא חֲרָשֵׁים1Ch_4:14, a ravine in the tribe of Judah. SEE CHARASHIM.
(7.) The Valley of the Mountains (גֵּיאאּהָרִי, Zec_14:5, or
גֵּיאּהָרַים, ibid.), a ravine near Jerusalem (q.v.).
(8.) The Valley of Salt (גֵּיא מֶלִח), a ravine on the S.W. shore of the Dead Sea (2Sa_8:13; 2Ki_24:7; 1Ch_18:12; 2Ch_35:11; Psalm Ix, title). SEE SALT.
(9) The Valley of the Hyenas (גּי הצּבֹעַים), a ravine in the tribe of Benjamin (1Sa_13:18). SEE ZEBOIM. Other ravines; such as the valley of vision (Isa_22:1; Isa_22:5) of slaughter (Jer_7:32; Jer_19:6), are fanciful names, and still more tropical, the valley of the shadow of death (Psa_23:4).
4. Náchal (נִחִל, from. נָחִלto receive, or perhaps to flow; Sept. φάραγξ or χειμάῤῥους; A. V. often brook, river, stream) is the word which exactly answers to the Arabic wady. It expresses, as no single English word an, the bed of a stream (often wide and shelving and like a valley in character, which in the rainy season may be nearly filled by a foaming torrent, though for the greater part of the year dry), and the stream itself which after the subsidence of the rains has shrunk to insignificant dimensions. Many of the wadies of Syria owing to the demolition of the wood which formerly shaded the country and prevented too rapid evaporation after rain, are now entirely and constantly dry. SEE RIVER. As Palestine is now emphatically a land of wadies, so this Heb. term is of very frequent occurrence in the Bible; Stanley (Palest. append.) enumerates fifteen of these water-courses or torrent-beds: those of Gerar, of Eshcol, of Zered, of Arnon, of Jabbok, of Kanah, of Kisfhon, of Besor, of Sorek, of Kidron, of Gaash, of Cherith, of Gad (2Sa_24:5), of Sthittim, and of Egypt (Num_34:5; Jos_15:4; Jos_15:47; 1Ki_8:65 2Ki_24:7; 2Ch_7:8; Isa_27:12), this last could not be distinguished by a mere English reader from the river of Egypt, namely, the Nile, although in the original an entirely different word is used. This name nachal is also applied to the course of the Gihon (2Ch_33:14), and such wadies are often mentioned in the book of Job and elsewhere as characteristic of Arabia; Canaan itself is said to be a land of them (Deu_8:7). SEE BROOK.
5. Hash-Shephelah (הִשְּׁפֵלָה; Sept. τὸ πεδίον, ἡ πεδινή) is the only case in which the employment of the term valley is really unfortunate. The district to which alone this distinctive Heb. name is applied in the Bible has no resemblance whatever to a valley, but is a broad swelling tract of many hundred miles in area, which sweeps gently down from the mountains of Judah. towards the Mediterranean.. It is rendered the vale in Deu_1:7; Jos_10:40; 1Ki_10:27; 2Ch_1:15; Jer_33:13; and the valley or valleys in Jos_9:1; Jos_11:2; Jos_11:16; Jos_12:8; Jos_15:33; Jdg_1:9; Jer_32:44. SEE SHEPHELAH.
6. In the New Test. there is little notice taken of the external features of Cauaanr. In Luk_6:17 we read of our Lord standing in the plain, τόπος πεδινός (but this should rather be a level place); and in Luk_3:5 we meet with valley, φάραγξ, for גֵּיא, gey, in Isa_40:4.
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.
Valley. It is hardly necessary to state that these words signify a hollow sweep of ground between two more or less parallel ridges of high land. The structure of the greater part of the Holy Land does not lend itself to the formation of valleys in our sense of the word. The abrupt transitions of its crowded rocky hills preclude the existence of any extended sweep of valley. Valley is employed in the Authorized Version to render five distinct Hebrew words.
1. 'Emek. This appears to approach more nearly to the general sense of the English word, valley, than any other. It is connected with several places.
2. Gai or ge. Of this, there is fortunately, one example which can be identified with certainty the deep hollow which compasses the southwest and south of Jerusalem. This identification establishes the ge as a deep and abrupt ravine, with steep sides and narrow bottom.
3. Nachal. This word answers to the Arabic wady, and expresses, as no single English word can, the bed of a stream (often wide and shelving, and like a "valley" in character, which in the rainy season may be nearly filled by a foaming torrent, though for the greater part of the year dry).
4. Bik'ah. This term appears to mean rather a plain (enclosed by mountains) than a valley, though so far resembling it as to be enclosed by mountains. It is rendered by "valley" in Deu_34:3; Jos_11:8; Jos_11:17; Jos_12:7; 2Ch_35:22; Zec_12:11.
5. has-Shefelah. The district to which the name has-Shefelah is applied in the Bible has no resemblance whatever to a valley, but is a broad, swelling tract of many hundred miles in area, which sweeps gently down from the mountains Judah to the Mediterranean. It is rendered "the vale" in Deu_1:7; Jos_10:40; 1Ki_10:27; 2Ch_1:15; Jer_33:13 and "the valley" or "the valleys" in Jos_9:1; Jos_11:2; Jos_11:16; Jos_12:8; Jos_15:33; Jdg_1:9; Jer_32:44.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863
val?i. See VALE; VALLEY.
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
Psa_23:4 (b) David describes in this way the deep sorrow and perplexity which comes upon a person as he nears the portals of death. It may refer also to the times of deep sorrow and trouble through which persons pass along life's pathway.
Son_2:1 (c) No doubt this is descriptive of the deeply distressing experiences of life into which the Lord brings the fragrance of His presence, the comfort of His words, and the sweetness of His fellowship to His own people. We should note that the word is in the plural, for there are many valleys between the cradle and the grave.
Isa_22:1 (c) This probably represents the feelings of the prophet when he was depressed in spirit, and felt quite crushed beneath the burden of Israel's future. He was looking forward to the terrible destruction that awaited His people and it brought him low before the Lord.
Isa_40:4 (c) It may be that this is literal, and yet it may indicate that deep sorrows and perplexities may be overcome and great difficulties may be removed. It probably is a figure of the smooth, blessed life in which Christians may walk when GOD is present in power. (See also Luk_3:5).
Jer_2:23 (a) It seems as though these enemies of GOD were hiding in secret places to carry out their wicked designs. Where there should have been happiness under GOD's blessing, they were sinning and inviting GOD's wrath.
Eze_37:1 (a) GOD sees all the nation of Israel as gathered together in one place, and that a low place. We see Israel scattered all over the world, and found in every country. No doubt they are in the valley, for they are the subjects of other people when they should be citizens of their own country, with their own king. GOD sees all of Israel, every person of Israel as though they were in one place constituting one unit. (See under "BONES"), for a description of this truth found in this passage).
Wilson's Dictionary of Bible Types
press 1957.
(also Vale), a hollow sweep of ground between two more or less parallel ridges of high land. Vale is the poetical or provincial form. It is in the nature of the case that the center of a valley should usually be occupied by the stream which forms the drain of the high land on either side, and from this it commonly receives its name. Valley is distinguished from other terms more or less closely related on the one hand, from glen, ravine, gorge, or dell, which all express a depression at once more abrupt and smaller than a valley; on the other hand, from plain, which, though it may be used of a wide valley, is not ordinarily or necessarily so. It is to be regretted that with this quasi-precision of meaning the term should not have been employed with more restriction in the A.V. SEE TOPOGRAPHICAL TERMS.
The structure of the greater part of the Holy Land does .not lend itself to the formation of valleys in our sense of the word. The abrupt transitions of its crowded rocky hills preclude the existence of any extended sweep of valley; and where one such does occur, as at Hebron or on the south-east of Gerizim, the irregular and unsymmetrical positions of the enclosing hills rob it of the character of a valley. The nearest approach is found in; the space between the mountains of Gerizim and Ebal, which contains the town of Nablûs, the ancient Shechem. This, however, by a singular chance, is not mentioned in the Bible. Another is the valley of Jezreel, the undulating hollow which intervenes between (Gilboa Jebel Fukua); and the so-called Little Hermon (Jebel Duhv). SEE PALESTINE. Valley is employed in the A.V. to render the following Heb. and Gr. words. SEE DALE; SEE PLAIN.
1. Bik'ah (בַּקַעָה, from בָּקִע, to cleave; Sept. πεδίον) appears to mean rather a plain than a valley, wider than the latter, though so far resembling it as to be-enclosed by mountains, like the wide district between Lebanon and Anti-lebanon, which is still called the Beka'a. It denotes a wide alluvial bottom, and its levelness is plainly referred to in Isa_40:4. It is usually rendered valley (Deu_8:7; Deu_11:1; Deu_34:3; Jos_11:8; Jos_11:17; Jos_12:7; 2Ch_35:22; Psa_104:8; Isa_41:18; Isa_63:14; Eze_37:1-2.; Zec_12:11); elsewhere plain (Gen_11:2; Neh_6:2; Isa_40:4; Eze_3:22-23; Eze_8:4; Amo_1:5). This Heb. term is applied to the following places:
(1.) The Valley of Shinar (בַּקְעִת שַׁנְעָר), the rich plain of Babylonia (Gen_11:2). SEE SHINAR.
(2.) The Valley of Jericho (בַּקְּעִת יְרֵחוֹ, the lower end of the Ghor, or plain, through which the Jordan flows unto the Dead Sea (Deu_34:3). SEE JERICHO.
(3.) The Valley of Lebanon (בַּקְעִת הִלְּבָנוֹן), the plain of Coele-Syria between the Lebanon and Anti-lebanon ranges (Jos_11:17). SEE LEBANON,
(4.) The Valley of Miegiddo. (בַּקְעִת מְגַדּוֹ), a part of the plain of Esdraelon, through which the Kishan flowed (2Ch_35:22; Zec_12:11). SEE MEGIDDO.
(5.) The Valley of Mizpeh (בַּקְעִת מַצְפֶּה), the plain t the Hauran or of- Gilead, east of the Jordan (Jos_11:4). SEE MIZPEH.
(6.) The Valley of Sharon (בַּקְעִת הִשָּׁרוֹן), the level tract about Joppa, Lod, and Ramleh (Neh_6:2). SEE SHARON.
(7.) The Valley of Aven (בַּקְעִת אָוֶן), the plain of Damascene Syria (Amo_1:5), thought by some to be the same as No; 3. SEE AVSE.
2. Enmek ( עֵמֶקfrom עָמִק, to be deep; Sept. usually φάραγξ or κοιλάς, occasionally αὐλών, πεδίον or Ε᾿μέκ, Α᾿μέκ A.V. invariably [except Gen_14:17; 1Sa_18:18] valley) designates a long broad sweep between parallel ranges of hills of less extent than the preceding term, but greater than' the following ones, and answering quite closely, to the Western idea in general of a valley in its proper sense, having the idea of lowness and breadth rather than precipitateness or confinement. It is specifically applied to the following localities, which we enumerate in alphabetical order:
(1.) The Valley of Achor (עֵמֶק עָכוֹר), a valley near the N.W. end of the Dead Sea (Jos_7:24; Jos_7:26; Jos_15:7; Isa_65:10; Hos_2:15). SEE ACHOR.
(2.) The Valley of Ajalon ( עֵמֶק אִיָּלוֹן), a valley in the tribe of Dan (Jos_10:12). SEE AJALON.
(3.) The Valley of Hebron (עֵמֶק חֵבְרוֹו), the valley in which Hebron lies (Gen_38:4). SEE HEBRON.
(4.) The Valley of Jehoshaphat (עֵמֶק יְהוֹשְׁפְט), the valley between Jerusalem and the Mount of Olives (Joe_3:2; Joe_3:12); in the same connection called figuratively the valley of the decision (עֵמֶק הֶחָרוּוֹ). SEE JEHOSHAPHAT.
(5.) The Valley of Jezleel (עֵמֶק יַזְרְעֵאל), the eastern extension of the plain of Esdraelon (Jos_17:16; Jdg_6:33; Hos_1:5) SEE JEZREEL.
(6.) The Valley of Keziz (עֵמֶק קְצַיוֹ) a valley in the tribe of Benjamin (Jos_18:21). SEE KEZIZ.
Besides the above, the term is sometimes used as an appellative for certain well known localities, e.g. the valley of the weeping (Psa_74:6; A.V. valley of Baka [q.v.]), the valley of blessing (2Ch_20:26; A.:V. valley of Berachah [q.v.), the valley of the back (1Sa_17:2; 1Sa_17:19; 1Sa_21:9; A.V. valley of Elah [q.v.]), the valley of -giants (Jos_15:8; Jos_18:16; valley of Rephaim [q.v.], 2Sa_5:18; 2Sa_5:22; 2Sa_23:13; 1Ch_11:15; 1Ch_14:9; Isa_17:5), the valley of Shaveh [q.v.]; (Gen_14:17), or of the king (dale, ibid.; 2Sa_18:18), the valley of the slime-pits (Genesis 64:3, 8, 10; A.V. of Siddim [q.v.]), the alley of booths (Psa_60:6; Psa_108:7; A.V. of Succoth [q.v.]), etc.
3. Gay ( גִּיְאor גִּי) or Gey ( גֵּיאor גֵּיא; plur. גֵאָיּוֹתand גְּיָאוֹת, from גָיָא; to flow; Sept. usually φάραγξ), a deep narrow ravine with a (winter or perennial) stream in the bottom either between hills (like the Ge-Hinnom at Jerusalem) or through an open plain (as along the Mediterranean or in Moab). In the A.V. it is invariably rendered valley (in the Sept. occasionally κοιλάς, νάπη, αὐλών,-and even γῆ). It is applied distinctively to the following localities. See also Ai; Beth-peor, etc.
(1.) The Valley of Hinnom (גַּי הַנֹּם, Jos_15:8; Jos_18:16; Neh_11:30), or of the Son of Hinnom (הַנֹּ בֵּןאּ, Jos_15:8; Jos_18:16; 2Ki_23:10; 2Ch_28:3; 2Ch_33:6; Jer_7:31-32; Jer_19:2; Jer_19:6; Jer_32:35), the ravine on the south-western side of Jerusalem, whence the term Gehenna (q.v.).
(2.) The Valley of Jiphthah-el (גֵּי יַפְתִּחאּאֵל), a ravine on the boundary between Zebulin and Asher (Jos_19:14; Jos_19:27). SEE JIPHTHAH-EL.
(3.) The Valley of Zephathah (גֵּיא צְפָתָה), a ravine in the tribe of Simeon (2Ch_14:10). SEE ZEPHAITHAH.
(4.) The Valley of Gedor (גּיא גְּדוֹר), another ravine in Simeon (1Ch_4:39).
(5.) The Valley of Hammon-gog (גֵּיא הֲמוֹן גּוֹג, Eze_39:11; Eze_39:15), or of the Passengers (גֵּי הָעֹבְרַם, Eze_39:11), a ravine on the east of the Sea of Galilee. SEE HAMON-GOG.
(6.) The Valley of the Craftsmen (גַּי הִחֲרָשַׁים, Neh_11:35; or גֵּיא חֲרָשֵׁים1Ch_4:14, a ravine in the tribe of Judah. SEE CHARASHIM.
(7.) The Valley of the Mountains (גֵּיאאּהָרִי, Zec_14:5, or
גֵּיאּהָרַים, ibid.), a ravine near Jerusalem (q.v.).
(8.) The Valley of Salt (גֵּיא מֶלִח), a ravine on the S.W. shore of the Dead Sea (2Sa_8:13; 2Ki_24:7; 1Ch_18:12; 2Ch_35:11; Psalm Ix, title). SEE SALT.
(9) The Valley of the Hyenas (גּי הצּבֹעַים), a ravine in the tribe of Benjamin (1Sa_13:18). SEE ZEBOIM. Other ravines; such as the valley of vision (Isa_22:1; Isa_22:5) of slaughter (Jer_7:32; Jer_19:6), are fanciful names, and still more tropical, the valley of the shadow of death (Psa_23:4).
4. Náchal (נִחִל, from. נָחִלto receive, or perhaps to flow; Sept. φάραγξ or χειμάῤῥους; A. V. often brook, river, stream) is the word which exactly answers to the Arabic wady. It expresses, as no single English word an, the bed of a stream (often wide and shelving and like a valley in character, which in the rainy season may be nearly filled by a foaming torrent, though for the greater part of the year dry), and the stream itself which after the subsidence of the rains has shrunk to insignificant dimensions. Many of the wadies of Syria owing to the demolition of the wood which formerly shaded the country and prevented too rapid evaporation after rain, are now entirely and constantly dry. SEE RIVER. As Palestine is now emphatically a land of wadies, so this Heb. term is of very frequent occurrence in the Bible; Stanley (Palest. append.) enumerates fifteen of these water-courses or torrent-beds: those of Gerar, of Eshcol, of Zered, of Arnon, of Jabbok, of Kanah, of Kisfhon, of Besor, of Sorek, of Kidron, of Gaash, of Cherith, of Gad (2Sa_24:5), of Sthittim, and of Egypt (Num_34:5; Jos_15:4; Jos_15:47; 1Ki_8:65 2Ki_24:7; 2Ch_7:8; Isa_27:12), this last could not be distinguished by a mere English reader from the river of Egypt, namely, the Nile, although in the original an entirely different word is used. This name nachal is also applied to the course of the Gihon (2Ch_33:14), and such wadies are often mentioned in the book of Job and elsewhere as characteristic of Arabia; Canaan itself is said to be a land of them (Deu_8:7). SEE BROOK.
5. Hash-Shephelah (הִשְּׁפֵלָה; Sept. τὸ πεδίον, ἡ πεδινή) is the only case in which the employment of the term valley is really unfortunate. The district to which alone this distinctive Heb. name is applied in the Bible has no resemblance whatever to a valley, but is a broad swelling tract of many hundred miles in area, which sweeps gently down from the mountains of Judah. towards the Mediterranean.. It is rendered the vale in Deu_1:7; Jos_10:40; 1Ki_10:27; 2Ch_1:15; Jer_33:13; and the valley or valleys in Jos_9:1; Jos_11:2; Jos_11:16; Jos_12:8; Jos_15:33; Jdg_1:9; Jer_32:44. SEE SHEPHELAH.
6. In the New Test. there is little notice taken of the external features of Cauaanr. In Luk_6:17 we read of our Lord standing in the plain, τόπος πεδινός (but this should rather be a level place); and in Luk_3:5 we meet with valley, φάραγξ, for גֵּיא, gey, in Isa_40:4.
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
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