Accuser
VIEW:15 DATA:01-04-2020
In a forensic sense. (See SATAN.) Luk_18:3; 1Pe_5:8; Job_1:6; Rev_12:10; Zec_3:1.
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.
a-kūz?ẽr: This word, not found in the Old Testament, is the rendering of two Greek words: (1) Κατήγορος, katḗgoros, that is, a prosecutor, or plaintiff in a lawsuit, or one who speaks in a derogatory way of another (Act_23:30, Act_23:35; Act_25:16, Act_25:18; Rev_12:10); (2) Διάβολος, diábolos, meaning adversary or enemy. This word is rendered ?accuser? in the King James Version and ?slanderer? in the Revised Version (British and American) and the American Standard Revised Version (2Ti_3:3; Tit_2:3). According to the rabbinic teaching Satan, or the devil, was regarded as hostile to God and man, and that it was a part of his work to accuse the latter of disloyalty and sin before the tribunal of the former (see Job_1:6; Zec_3:1; Rev_12:10).
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
The original word, which bears this leading signification, means?1. One who has a cause or matter of contention; the accuser, opponent, or plaintiff in any suit (Jdg_12:2; Mat_5:25; Luk_12:58). We have little information respecting the manner in which causes were conducted in the Hebrew courts of justice, except from the Rabbinical authorities, who, in matters of this description, may be supposed well informed as to the later customs of the nation. Even from these we learn little more than that great care was taken that, the accused being deemed innocent until convicted, he and the accuser should appear under equal circumstances before the court, that no prejudicial impression might be created to the disadvantage of the defendant, whose interests, we are told, were so anxiously guarded, that any one was allowed to speak whatever he knew or had to say in his favor, which privilege was withheld from the accuser. The word is also applied in Scripture, in the general sense, to any adversary or enemy (Luk_18:3; 1Pe_5:8). In the latter passage there is an allusion to the old Jewish opinion that Satan was the accuser or calumniator of men before God (Job_1:6, sq.; Rev_12:10, sq.; comp. Zec_3:1). In this application the forensic sense was still retained, Satan being represented as laying to man's charge a breach of the law, as in a court of justice, and demanding his punishment [SATAN].
The Popular Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature
by John Kitto.
Accuser
(לָשִׁן, lashan', in Hiph. accuse, Pro_30:10; and other terms signifying to slander; more properly denoted by some form of the verb רַיב, rib, to plead a cause, also in defense; Sept. and N.T. ἀντίδικος, adversary, or κατήγορος, prosecutor).
1. The original word, which bears this leading signification, means one who has a cause or matter of contention; the accuser, opponent, or plaintiff in any suit (Jdg_12:2; Mat_5:25; Luk_12:58). We have little information respecting the manner in which causes were conducted in the Hebrew courts of justice, except from the rabbinical authorities, who, in matters of this description, may be supposed well informed as to the later customs of the nation. SEE TRIAL. Even from these we learn little more than that great care was taken that, the accused being deemed innocent until convicted, he and the accuser should appear under equal circumstances before the court, that no prejudicial impression might be created to the disadvantage of the defendant, whose interests, we are told, were so anxiously guarded, that any one was allowed to speak whatever he knew or had to say in his favor, which privilege was withheld from the accuser (Lewis, Origines Hebraeoe, 1, 68). SEE ADVOCATE.
2. The word is also applied in Scripture, in the general sense, to any adversary or enemy (Luk_18:3; 1Pe_5:8). In the latter passage there is an allusion to the old Jewish opinion that Satan was the accuser or calumniator of men before God (Job_1:6 sq.; Rev_12:10 sq.; comp. Zec_3:1). In this application the forensic sense was still retained, Satan being represented as laying to man's charge a breach of the law, as in a court of justice, and demanding his punishment. SEE SATAN.
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.
a-kūz?ẽr: This word, not found in the Old Testament, is the rendering of two Greek words: (1) Κατήγορος, katḗgoros, that is, a prosecutor, or plaintiff in a lawsuit, or one who speaks in a derogatory way of another (Act_23:30, Act_23:35; Act_25:16, Act_25:18; Rev_12:10); (2) Διάβολος, diábolos, meaning adversary or enemy. This word is rendered ?accuser? in the King James Version and ?slanderer? in the Revised Version (British and American) and the American Standard Revised Version (2Ti_3:3; Tit_2:3). According to the rabbinic teaching Satan, or the devil, was regarded as hostile to God and man, and that it was a part of his work to accuse the latter of disloyalty and sin before the tribunal of the former (see Job_1:6; Zec_3:1; Rev_12:10).
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
The original word, which bears this leading signification, means?1. One who has a cause or matter of contention; the accuser, opponent, or plaintiff in any suit (Jdg_12:2; Mat_5:25; Luk_12:58). We have little information respecting the manner in which causes were conducted in the Hebrew courts of justice, except from the Rabbinical authorities, who, in matters of this description, may be supposed well informed as to the later customs of the nation. Even from these we learn little more than that great care was taken that, the accused being deemed innocent until convicted, he and the accuser should appear under equal circumstances before the court, that no prejudicial impression might be created to the disadvantage of the defendant, whose interests, we are told, were so anxiously guarded, that any one was allowed to speak whatever he knew or had to say in his favor, which privilege was withheld from the accuser. The word is also applied in Scripture, in the general sense, to any adversary or enemy (Luk_18:3; 1Pe_5:8). In the latter passage there is an allusion to the old Jewish opinion that Satan was the accuser or calumniator of men before God (Job_1:6, sq.; Rev_12:10, sq.; comp. Zec_3:1). In this application the forensic sense was still retained, Satan being represented as laying to man's charge a breach of the law, as in a court of justice, and demanding his punishment [SATAN].
The Popular Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature
by John Kitto.
Accuser
(לָשִׁן, lashan', in Hiph. accuse, Pro_30:10; and other terms signifying to slander; more properly denoted by some form of the verb רַיב, rib, to plead a cause, also in defense; Sept. and N.T. ἀντίδικος, adversary, or κατήγορος, prosecutor).
1. The original word, which bears this leading signification, means one who has a cause or matter of contention; the accuser, opponent, or plaintiff in any suit (Jdg_12:2; Mat_5:25; Luk_12:58). We have little information respecting the manner in which causes were conducted in the Hebrew courts of justice, except from the rabbinical authorities, who, in matters of this description, may be supposed well informed as to the later customs of the nation. SEE TRIAL. Even from these we learn little more than that great care was taken that, the accused being deemed innocent until convicted, he and the accuser should appear under equal circumstances before the court, that no prejudicial impression might be created to the disadvantage of the defendant, whose interests, we are told, were so anxiously guarded, that any one was allowed to speak whatever he knew or had to say in his favor, which privilege was withheld from the accuser (Lewis, Origines Hebraeoe, 1, 68). SEE ADVOCATE.
2. The word is also applied in Scripture, in the general sense, to any adversary or enemy (Luk_18:3; 1Pe_5:8). In the latter passage there is an allusion to the old Jewish opinion that Satan was the accuser or calumniator of men before God (Job_1:6 sq.; Rev_12:10 sq.; comp. Zec_3:1). In this application the forensic sense was still retained, Satan being represented as laying to man's charge a breach of the law, as in a court of justice, and demanding his punishment. SEE SATAN.
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
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