Age
VIEW:16 DATA:01-04-2020
A period of time characterized by a certain stage of development of God's grand scheme of redemption (aion) (Eph_2:7; Eph_3:5). The people living in the age. There is the patriarchal age; the Mosaic age or dispensation; the Christian age, in which "the kingdom of God cometh without observation" (and evil predominates outwardly); and the future manifested millennial kingdom: the two latter together forming "the world (Greek: "age") to come," in contrast to "this present evil world" (age) (Eph_1:21; Gal_1:4). The Greek for the physical "world" is kosmos, distinct from aion, the ethical world or "age" (Heb_6:5). If the 1260 prophetical days of the papal antichrist be years, and begin at A.D. 754, when his temporal power began by Pepin's grant of Ravenna, the Lombard kingdom, and Rome to Stephen II., the beginning of the millennial age would be A.D. 2014.
But figures have in Scripture a mystical meaning as well as a literal; faith must wait until the Father reveals fully "the times and seasons which He hath put in His own power" (Act_1:7). Messiah is the Lord by whom and for whom all these ages, or vast cycles of time, have existed and do exist (Heb_1:2), "through whom He made the ages" (Greek) (Isa_26:4), "the Rock of ages" (Psa_145:13). "This age" (Greek for "world") is under the prince of darkness, the god of this world (Greek: "age") so far as most men are concerned (Eph_2:2; Luk_16:8; Mat_13:22; 2Co_4:4). "The world" when representing the Greek "age" (aion) means not the material "world" (Greek kosmos), but the age in its relation to God or to Satan. Continuance is the prominent thought; so "the ages of ages," expressing continuous succession of vast cycles, stands for eternity; e.g., Messiah's kingdom (Rev_11:15), the torment of the lost (Rev_14:11).
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.
in the most general sense of the term, denotes the duration of any substance, animate or inanimate; and is applied either to the whole period of its existence, or to that portion of it which precedes the time to which the description of it refers. In this sense it is used to signify either the whole natural duration of the LIFE of man, or any interval of it that has elapsed before the period of which we speak. When age is understood of a certain portion of the life of man, its whole duration is divided into four different ages, viz. infancy, youth, manhood, and old age: the first extending to the fourteenth year; the second, denominated youth, adolescence, or the age of puberty, commencing at fourteen, and terminating at about twenty five; manhood, or the virile age, concluding at fifty; and the last ending at the close of life. Some divide the first period into infancy and childhood; and the last likewise into two stages, calling that which succeeds the age of seventy-five, decrepit old age: Age is applicable to the duration of things inanimate or factitious; and in this use of the term we speak of the age of a house, of a country, of a state or kingdom, &c.
AGE, in chronology, is used for a century, or a period of one hundred years: in which sense it is the same with seculum, and differs from generation. It is also used in speaking of the times past since the creation of the world. The several ages of the world may be reduced to three grand epochas, viz. the age of the law of nature, called by the Jews the void age, from Adam to Moses. The age of the Jewish law, from Moses to Christ, called by the Jews the present age. And the age of grace, from Christ to the present year. The Jews call the third age, the age to come, or the future age; denoting by it the time from the advent of the Messiah to the end of the world. The Romans distinguished the time that preceded them into three ages: the obscure or uncertain age, which reached down as low as Ogyges king of Attica, in whose reign the deluge happened in Greece; the fabulous or heroic age, which ended at the first olympiad; and the historical age, which commenced at the building of Rome. Among the poets, the four ages of the world are, the golden, the silver, the brazen, and the iron age.
Age is sometimes used among the ancient poets in the same sense as generation, or a period of thirty years. Thus Nestor is said to have lived three ages, when he was ninety years old.
The period preceding the birth of Jesus Christ has been generally divided into six ages. The first extends from the creation to the deluge, and comprehends 1656 years. The second age, from the deluge to Abraham's entering the land of promise, A.M. 2082, comprehends 426 years. The third age, from Abraham's entrance into the promised land to the Exodus, A.M. 2512, includes 430 years. The fourth age, from the Exodus to the building, of the temple by Solomon, A.M. 2992, contains 480 years. The fifth age, from the foundation of Solomon's temple to the Babylonish captivity, A.M. 3416, comprehends 424 years. The sixth age, from the Babylonish captivity to the birth of Jesus Christ, A.M. 4000, the fourth year before the vulgar aera, including 584 years. Those who follow the Septuagint, or Greek version, divide this period into seven ages, viz. 1. From the creation to the deluge, 2262 years. 2. From the deluge to the confusion of tongues, 738 years. 3. From this confusion to the calling of Abraham, 460 years. 4. From this period to Jacob's descent into Egypt, 215 years; and from this event to the Exodus, 430 years, making the whole 645 years. 5. From the Exodus to Saul, 774 years. 6. From Saul to Cyrus, 583 years. 7. From Cyrus to the vulgar aera of Christians, 538 years; the whole period from the creation to this period containing 6000 years.
Biblical and Theological Dictionary by Richard Watson
PRINTER 1849.
āj: A period of time or a dispensation. In the above sense the word occurs only once in the King James Version, in the sing, as the translation of דּור, dor, which means, properly, a ?revolution? or ?round of time,? ?a period,? ?an age? or ?generation of man's life?; almost invariable translated ?generation,? ?generations? (Job_8:8, ?Inquire, I pray thee, of the former age?); we have the plural as the translation of aiō̇n, properly ?duration,? ?the course or flow of time,? ?an age or period of the world,? ?the world? (Eph_2:7, ?in the ages to come?; Col_1:26, ?the mystery which hath been hid from ages and from generations,? the English Revised Version, ?from all ages,? etc., the American Revised Version, margin, of geneaı́, ?generations? (Eph_3:5 ?generations,? Eph_3:21, ?unto all generations for ever and ever,? Greek margin, ?all the generations of the age of the ages?). ?Ages? is given in margin of the King James Version (Psa_145:13; Isa_26:4, ?the rock of ages?).
We have ?age? in the above sense (2 Esdras 3:18; Tobit 14:5; aiōn) ?ages,? aiōn (1 Esdras 4:40 (of Truth) ?she is the strength,? etc., ?of all ages?), γενεα, genea, the Revised Version (British and American), ?generation? (The Wisdom of Solomon 7:27; 1 Macc 2:61); Ecclesiasticus 24:33, eis geneás aionō̇n, ?generations of ages?; The Wisdom of Solomon 14:6, ?generations? (genéseōs).
Revised Version has ?age? for ?world? (Heb_6:5); ?ages? for ?worlds? (the Revised Version, margin Heb_1:2; the American Revised Version, margin; compare 1Ti_1:17) (margin, ?unto the ages of the ages?), ?ages? for ?world? (1Co_10:11; Heb_9:26). the English Revised Version has ?all ages? for ?the beginning of the world? (Eph_3:9, the American Standard Revised Version ?for ages?); ?king of the ages? for ?king of saints? (Rev_15:3, corrected text; margin, many ancient authorities read ?nations?; Jer_10:7). See EVERLASTING.
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
Age [GENERATION; LONGEVITY]
The Popular Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature
by John Kitto.
Age
(represented by several Hebrew and Gr. words), sometimes signifies an indefinite period; at others, it is used for: 1. A generation (q.v.) of the human race, or thirty years; 2. As the Latin soeculum, or a hundred years; 3. The maturity of life (Joh_9:21); 4. The latter end of life (Job_11:17). SEE AEON.
OLD AGE. The strong desire of a protracted life, and the marked respect with which aged persons were treated among the Jews, are very often indicated in the Scriptures. The most striking instance which Job can give of the respect in which he was once held, is that even old men stood up as he passed them in the streets (Job_29:8), the force of which is illustrated by the injunction in the law, Before the hoary head thou shalt stand up, and shalt reverence the aged" (Lev_19:30). Similar injunctions are repeated in the Apocrypha, so as to show the deportment expected from young men toward their seniors in company. Thus, in describing a feast, the author of Ecclesiasticus (32:3, 7) says, Speak thou that art the elder, for it becometh thee. Speak, young man, if there be need of thee, and yet scarcely when thou art twice asked." SEE ELDER. The attainment of old age is constantly promised or described as a blessing (Gen_15:15; Job_5:26), and communities are represented as highly favored in which old people abound (Isa_65:20; Zec_8:4; Zec_8:9), while premature death is denounced as the greatest of calamities to individuals, and to the families to which they belong (1Sa_2:32); the aged are constantly supposed to excel in understanding and judgment (Job_12:20; Job_15:10; Job_32:9; 1Ki_12:6; 1Ki_12:8), and the mercilessness of the Chaldeans is expressed by their having no compassion" upon the old man, or him who stooped for age" (2Ch_36:17). SEE LONGEVITY. The strong desire to attain old age was necessarily in some degree connected with or resembled the respect paid to aged persons; for people would scarcely desire to be old, were the aged neglected or regarded with mere sufferance. SEE OLD. Attention to age was very general in ancient times; and is still observed in all such conditions of society as those through which the Israelites passed. Among the Egyptians, the young men rose before the aged, and always yielded to them the first place (Herod. 2:80). The youth of Sparta did the same, and were silent or, as the Hebrew would say, laid their hand upon their mouth whenever their elders spoke. At Athens, and in other Greek states, old men were treated with corresponding respect. In China deference for the aged, and the honors and distinctions awarded to them, form a capital point in the government (Mem. sur les Chinois, 1, 450); and among the Moslems of Western Asia, whose usages offer so many analogies to those of the Hebrews, the same regard for seniority is strongly shown. Among the Arabs, it is very seldom that a youth can be permitted to eat with men (Lane, Arabian Nights, c. 11, note 26). With the Turks, age, even between brothers, is the object of marked deference (Urquhart, Spirit of the East, 2, 471).
AGE, ADULT, or that at which marriage may be contracted or religious vows made. The canonists agree that men may contract marriage at fourteen years of age, and women at twelve. Until the contracting parties are each twenty-one years of age, no marriage can be legally contracted without the consent of the parents or guardians of the party which is a minor.
AGE, CANONICAL, i.e. proper for receiving orders. In the Latin Church it is forbidden to give the tonsure to any one unless he be seven years of age, and have been confirmed (Conc. Trid. sess. 23, cap. 4). The proper age for conferring the four minor orders is left to the discretion of the bishop: but it is forbidden to promote any one to the rank of subdeacon under twenty-two years of age, to that of deacon under twenty-three, and to that of priest unless in his twenty-fifth year (Ibid. cap. 12). A bishop must be at least in his twenty-seventh year, or, more properly, thirty.
In the Church of England a deacon may be admitted to the priesthood at the expiration of one year from the time of receiving deacon's orders, and not before, i.e. at twenty-four years of age at the earliest; and it is to be noted that the stat. 13 Eliz. 12 declares all dispensations to the contrary to be absolutely void in law. The preface to the ordination service declares that every man, to be consecrated bishop, must be full thirty years of age.
AGES OF THE WORLD. The time preceding the birth of our Savior has been generally divided into six ages:
1. From the beginning of the world to the Deluge;
2. From the Deluge to the entrance of Abraham into the land of promise;
3. From the entrance of Abraham into the land of promise to the Exodus;
4. From the Exodus to the foundation of the Temple by Solomon;
5. From the foundation of the Temple of Solomon to the Babylonian captivity;
6. From the Babylonian captivity to the birth of our Lord. SEE CHRONOLOGY.
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
But figures have in Scripture a mystical meaning as well as a literal; faith must wait until the Father reveals fully "the times and seasons which He hath put in His own power" (Act_1:7). Messiah is the Lord by whom and for whom all these ages, or vast cycles of time, have existed and do exist (Heb_1:2), "through whom He made the ages" (Greek) (Isa_26:4), "the Rock of ages" (Psa_145:13). "This age" (Greek for "world") is under the prince of darkness, the god of this world (Greek: "age") so far as most men are concerned (Eph_2:2; Luk_16:8; Mat_13:22; 2Co_4:4). "The world" when representing the Greek "age" (aion) means not the material "world" (Greek kosmos), but the age in its relation to God or to Satan. Continuance is the prominent thought; so "the ages of ages," expressing continuous succession of vast cycles, stands for eternity; e.g., Messiah's kingdom (Rev_11:15), the torment of the lost (Rev_14:11).
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.
in the most general sense of the term, denotes the duration of any substance, animate or inanimate; and is applied either to the whole period of its existence, or to that portion of it which precedes the time to which the description of it refers. In this sense it is used to signify either the whole natural duration of the LIFE of man, or any interval of it that has elapsed before the period of which we speak. When age is understood of a certain portion of the life of man, its whole duration is divided into four different ages, viz. infancy, youth, manhood, and old age: the first extending to the fourteenth year; the second, denominated youth, adolescence, or the age of puberty, commencing at fourteen, and terminating at about twenty five; manhood, or the virile age, concluding at fifty; and the last ending at the close of life. Some divide the first period into infancy and childhood; and the last likewise into two stages, calling that which succeeds the age of seventy-five, decrepit old age: Age is applicable to the duration of things inanimate or factitious; and in this use of the term we speak of the age of a house, of a country, of a state or kingdom, &c.
AGE, in chronology, is used for a century, or a period of one hundred years: in which sense it is the same with seculum, and differs from generation. It is also used in speaking of the times past since the creation of the world. The several ages of the world may be reduced to three grand epochas, viz. the age of the law of nature, called by the Jews the void age, from Adam to Moses. The age of the Jewish law, from Moses to Christ, called by the Jews the present age. And the age of grace, from Christ to the present year. The Jews call the third age, the age to come, or the future age; denoting by it the time from the advent of the Messiah to the end of the world. The Romans distinguished the time that preceded them into three ages: the obscure or uncertain age, which reached down as low as Ogyges king of Attica, in whose reign the deluge happened in Greece; the fabulous or heroic age, which ended at the first olympiad; and the historical age, which commenced at the building of Rome. Among the poets, the four ages of the world are, the golden, the silver, the brazen, and the iron age.
Age is sometimes used among the ancient poets in the same sense as generation, or a period of thirty years. Thus Nestor is said to have lived three ages, when he was ninety years old.
The period preceding the birth of Jesus Christ has been generally divided into six ages. The first extends from the creation to the deluge, and comprehends 1656 years. The second age, from the deluge to Abraham's entering the land of promise, A.M. 2082, comprehends 426 years. The third age, from Abraham's entrance into the promised land to the Exodus, A.M. 2512, includes 430 years. The fourth age, from the Exodus to the building, of the temple by Solomon, A.M. 2992, contains 480 years. The fifth age, from the foundation of Solomon's temple to the Babylonish captivity, A.M. 3416, comprehends 424 years. The sixth age, from the Babylonish captivity to the birth of Jesus Christ, A.M. 4000, the fourth year before the vulgar aera, including 584 years. Those who follow the Septuagint, or Greek version, divide this period into seven ages, viz. 1. From the creation to the deluge, 2262 years. 2. From the deluge to the confusion of tongues, 738 years. 3. From this confusion to the calling of Abraham, 460 years. 4. From this period to Jacob's descent into Egypt, 215 years; and from this event to the Exodus, 430 years, making the whole 645 years. 5. From the Exodus to Saul, 774 years. 6. From Saul to Cyrus, 583 years. 7. From Cyrus to the vulgar aera of Christians, 538 years; the whole period from the creation to this period containing 6000 years.
Biblical and Theological Dictionary by Richard Watson
PRINTER 1849.
āj: A period of time or a dispensation. In the above sense the word occurs only once in the King James Version, in the sing, as the translation of דּור, dor, which means, properly, a ?revolution? or ?round of time,? ?a period,? ?an age? or ?generation of man's life?; almost invariable translated ?generation,? ?generations? (Job_8:8, ?Inquire, I pray thee, of the former age?); we have the plural as the translation of aiō̇n, properly ?duration,? ?the course or flow of time,? ?an age or period of the world,? ?the world? (Eph_2:7, ?in the ages to come?; Col_1:26, ?the mystery which hath been hid from ages and from generations,? the English Revised Version, ?from all ages,? etc., the American Revised Version, margin, of geneaı́, ?generations? (Eph_3:5 ?generations,? Eph_3:21, ?unto all generations for ever and ever,? Greek margin, ?all the generations of the age of the ages?). ?Ages? is given in margin of the King James Version (Psa_145:13; Isa_26:4, ?the rock of ages?).
We have ?age? in the above sense (2 Esdras 3:18; Tobit 14:5; aiōn) ?ages,? aiōn (1 Esdras 4:40 (of Truth) ?she is the strength,? etc., ?of all ages?), γενεα, genea, the Revised Version (British and American), ?generation? (The Wisdom of Solomon 7:27; 1 Macc 2:61); Ecclesiasticus 24:33, eis geneás aionō̇n, ?generations of ages?; The Wisdom of Solomon 14:6, ?generations? (genéseōs).
Revised Version has ?age? for ?world? (Heb_6:5); ?ages? for ?worlds? (the Revised Version, margin Heb_1:2; the American Revised Version, margin; compare 1Ti_1:17) (margin, ?unto the ages of the ages?), ?ages? for ?world? (1Co_10:11; Heb_9:26). the English Revised Version has ?all ages? for ?the beginning of the world? (Eph_3:9, the American Standard Revised Version ?for ages?); ?king of the ages? for ?king of saints? (Rev_15:3, corrected text; margin, many ancient authorities read ?nations?; Jer_10:7). See EVERLASTING.
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
Age [GENERATION; LONGEVITY]
The Popular Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature
by John Kitto.
Age
(represented by several Hebrew and Gr. words), sometimes signifies an indefinite period; at others, it is used for: 1. A generation (q.v.) of the human race, or thirty years; 2. As the Latin soeculum, or a hundred years; 3. The maturity of life (Joh_9:21); 4. The latter end of life (Job_11:17). SEE AEON.
OLD AGE. The strong desire of a protracted life, and the marked respect with which aged persons were treated among the Jews, are very often indicated in the Scriptures. The most striking instance which Job can give of the respect in which he was once held, is that even old men stood up as he passed them in the streets (Job_29:8), the force of which is illustrated by the injunction in the law, Before the hoary head thou shalt stand up, and shalt reverence the aged" (Lev_19:30). Similar injunctions are repeated in the Apocrypha, so as to show the deportment expected from young men toward their seniors in company. Thus, in describing a feast, the author of Ecclesiasticus (32:3, 7) says, Speak thou that art the elder, for it becometh thee. Speak, young man, if there be need of thee, and yet scarcely when thou art twice asked." SEE ELDER. The attainment of old age is constantly promised or described as a blessing (Gen_15:15; Job_5:26), and communities are represented as highly favored in which old people abound (Isa_65:20; Zec_8:4; Zec_8:9), while premature death is denounced as the greatest of calamities to individuals, and to the families to which they belong (1Sa_2:32); the aged are constantly supposed to excel in understanding and judgment (Job_12:20; Job_15:10; Job_32:9; 1Ki_12:6; 1Ki_12:8), and the mercilessness of the Chaldeans is expressed by their having no compassion" upon the old man, or him who stooped for age" (2Ch_36:17). SEE LONGEVITY. The strong desire to attain old age was necessarily in some degree connected with or resembled the respect paid to aged persons; for people would scarcely desire to be old, were the aged neglected or regarded with mere sufferance. SEE OLD. Attention to age was very general in ancient times; and is still observed in all such conditions of society as those through which the Israelites passed. Among the Egyptians, the young men rose before the aged, and always yielded to them the first place (Herod. 2:80). The youth of Sparta did the same, and were silent or, as the Hebrew would say, laid their hand upon their mouth whenever their elders spoke. At Athens, and in other Greek states, old men were treated with corresponding respect. In China deference for the aged, and the honors and distinctions awarded to them, form a capital point in the government (Mem. sur les Chinois, 1, 450); and among the Moslems of Western Asia, whose usages offer so many analogies to those of the Hebrews, the same regard for seniority is strongly shown. Among the Arabs, it is very seldom that a youth can be permitted to eat with men (Lane, Arabian Nights, c. 11, note 26). With the Turks, age, even between brothers, is the object of marked deference (Urquhart, Spirit of the East, 2, 471).
AGE, ADULT, or that at which marriage may be contracted or religious vows made. The canonists agree that men may contract marriage at fourteen years of age, and women at twelve. Until the contracting parties are each twenty-one years of age, no marriage can be legally contracted without the consent of the parents or guardians of the party which is a minor.
AGE, CANONICAL, i.e. proper for receiving orders. In the Latin Church it is forbidden to give the tonsure to any one unless he be seven years of age, and have been confirmed (Conc. Trid. sess. 23, cap. 4). The proper age for conferring the four minor orders is left to the discretion of the bishop: but it is forbidden to promote any one to the rank of subdeacon under twenty-two years of age, to that of deacon under twenty-three, and to that of priest unless in his twenty-fifth year (Ibid. cap. 12). A bishop must be at least in his twenty-seventh year, or, more properly, thirty.
In the Church of England a deacon may be admitted to the priesthood at the expiration of one year from the time of receiving deacon's orders, and not before, i.e. at twenty-four years of age at the earliest; and it is to be noted that the stat. 13 Eliz. 12 declares all dispensations to the contrary to be absolutely void in law. The preface to the ordination service declares that every man, to be consecrated bishop, must be full thirty years of age.
AGES OF THE WORLD. The time preceding the birth of our Savior has been generally divided into six ages:
1. From the beginning of the world to the Deluge;
2. From the Deluge to the entrance of Abraham into the land of promise;
3. From the entrance of Abraham into the land of promise to the Exodus;
4. From the Exodus to the foundation of the Temple by Solomon;
5. From the foundation of the Temple of Solomon to the Babylonian captivity;
6. From the Babylonian captivity to the birth of our Lord. SEE CHRONOLOGY.
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
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