Battering-Ram
VIEW:62 DATA:01-04-2020
BATTERING-RAM.See Fortification and Siegecraft.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
Battering-ram. Eze_4:2; Eze_21:22. A large beam, with a head of iron, which was, sometime, s made to resemble the head of a ram. It was suspended by ropes to a beam supported by posts, and balanced, so as to swing backward and forward, and was impelled by men against the wall. In attacking the walls of a fort or city, the first step appears to have been to form an inclined plane or bank of earth, compare Eze_4:2, "cast a mount against it," by which the besiegers could bring their battering-rams and other engines to the foot of the walls.
"The battering-rams," says Mr. Layard, "were of several kinds. Some were joined to movable towers which held warriors and armed men. The whole, then, formed one great temporary building, the top of which is represented in sculptures, as on a level with the walls, and even turrets, of the besieged city. In some bas-reliefs, the battering-ram is without wheels: it was then, perhaps, constructed upon the spot and was not intended to be moved."
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863
bat?ẽr-ing-ram. See SIEGE.
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
Battering-ram
(כִּר, kar, a lamb, Eze_4:2; Eze_21:22; and so Josephus, κριός, War, 3:7, 19, where the instrument is described; but Sept. in the above passages distinctively βελόστασις; Targ. and Kimchi, מֵחַי קָבַלוֹ), a military engine for forcing a breach in walls (comp. 1Ma_13:43), of very high antiquity, being in use by the Babylonians (Ezekiel 1. c.), and apparently still earlier by the Israelites in the siege of Abel-Beth-Maachah (2Sa_20:15); it may have been one of the engines of war employed by Uzziah, king of Judah (2Ch_26:15). This machine was a long beam of strong wood, usually oak. One end was made of iron, shaped like a ram's head, and when driven repeatedly and with great force against the wall of a city or fortification, either pierced it or battered it down (see Diod. Sic. 12:28; Pliny, 7:57, p. 416, ed. Hard.; Vitruv. 10:19 [13], 2). There were three kinds of battering-rams:
(1.) One that was held in suspension, like a scale-beam, by means of cables or chains in a frame of strong timber. This must have been easy to work and of great power, as a very heavy body suspended in the air requires no great strength to move it with much force.
(2.) In another kind of ram, the mighty instrument acted upon rollers, and its power appears to have been very great, although it must have been worked with more labor than the preceding.
(3.) There was another ram, which was not suspended or mounted on rollers, but borne and worked by manual strength.
The machine was generally covered by a movable shed or roof, which protected the men by whom it was worked. It has been calculated, that the momentum of a battering-ram 28 inches in diameter, 180 feet long., with a head of a ton and a half, weighing 41,112 pounds, and worked by a thousand men, would only be equal to a point-blank shot from a thirty-six pounder. The ram was used by Nebuchadnezzar. against Jerusalem, and also by Titus, with terrible force, in the final destruction of that city (Ezekiel and Josephus, ut sup.). It was a favorite method of attack by the Romans (see Smith's Dict. of Class. Antiq. s.v. Aries), and no less so with the Babylonians (Layard's Nineveh, 2:274). SEE ENGINE; SEE WAR; SEE SIEGE.
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
Battering-ram. Eze_4:2; Eze_21:22. A large beam, with a head of iron, which was, sometime, s made to resemble the head of a ram. It was suspended by ropes to a beam supported by posts, and balanced, so as to swing backward and forward, and was impelled by men against the wall. In attacking the walls of a fort or city, the first step appears to have been to form an inclined plane or bank of earth, compare Eze_4:2, "cast a mount against it," by which the besiegers could bring their battering-rams and other engines to the foot of the walls.
"The battering-rams," says Mr. Layard, "were of several kinds. Some were joined to movable towers which held warriors and armed men. The whole, then, formed one great temporary building, the top of which is represented in sculptures, as on a level with the walls, and even turrets, of the besieged city. In some bas-reliefs, the battering-ram is without wheels: it was then, perhaps, constructed upon the spot and was not intended to be moved."
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863
bat?ẽr-ing-ram. See SIEGE.
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
Battering-ram
(כִּר, kar, a lamb, Eze_4:2; Eze_21:22; and so Josephus, κριός, War, 3:7, 19, where the instrument is described; but Sept. in the above passages distinctively βελόστασις; Targ. and Kimchi, מֵחַי קָבַלוֹ), a military engine for forcing a breach in walls (comp. 1Ma_13:43), of very high antiquity, being in use by the Babylonians (Ezekiel 1. c.), and apparently still earlier by the Israelites in the siege of Abel-Beth-Maachah (2Sa_20:15); it may have been one of the engines of war employed by Uzziah, king of Judah (2Ch_26:15). This machine was a long beam of strong wood, usually oak. One end was made of iron, shaped like a ram's head, and when driven repeatedly and with great force against the wall of a city or fortification, either pierced it or battered it down (see Diod. Sic. 12:28; Pliny, 7:57, p. 416, ed. Hard.; Vitruv. 10:19 [13], 2). There were three kinds of battering-rams:
(1.) One that was held in suspension, like a scale-beam, by means of cables or chains in a frame of strong timber. This must have been easy to work and of great power, as a very heavy body suspended in the air requires no great strength to move it with much force.
(2.) In another kind of ram, the mighty instrument acted upon rollers, and its power appears to have been very great, although it must have been worked with more labor than the preceding.
(3.) There was another ram, which was not suspended or mounted on rollers, but borne and worked by manual strength.
The machine was generally covered by a movable shed or roof, which protected the men by whom it was worked. It has been calculated, that the momentum of a battering-ram 28 inches in diameter, 180 feet long., with a head of a ton and a half, weighing 41,112 pounds, and worked by a thousand men, would only be equal to a point-blank shot from a thirty-six pounder. The ram was used by Nebuchadnezzar. against Jerusalem, and also by Titus, with terrible force, in the final destruction of that city (Ezekiel and Josephus, ut sup.). It was a favorite method of attack by the Romans (see Smith's Dict. of Class. Antiq. s.v. Aries), and no less so with the Babylonians (Layard's Nineveh, 2:274). SEE ENGINE; SEE WAR; SEE SIEGE.
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
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