Abarim

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ABARIM (‘the parts beyond’).—A term used to describe the whole east-Jordan land as viewed from Western Palestine. From there the land beyond Jordan rises as a great mountain chain to a height of 3000 feet and more from the Jordan valley. Hence Abarim is joined with ‘mount’ (Num_27:12, Deu_32:49) and ‘mountains’ (Num_33:47); also with ‘Iyye, ‘heaps of’ (Num_21:11). See also Jer_22:20 and Eze_39:11 (RV [Note: Revised Version.] ; AV [Note: Authorized Version.] ‘passages’).
E. W. G. Masterman.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909


Connected with Nebo and Pisgah in Deu_32:49; Deu_34:1. Abarim was probably the mountain chain, Nebo one mountain of it, and Pisgah the highest peak of Nebo. Peor also belonged to the range. The chain east of the Dead Sea and lower Jordan commands most extensive views of the country west of the river. It was from Pisgah that Moses took his view of the promised land just before he died.
Some identify mount Attarous, the loftiest hill in this region, ten miles north of the river Arnon, with Nebo. Its top is marked by a pistachio tree overshadowing a heap of stones. The Hebrew means "the mountains of the regions beyond," namely, the Jordan, or else "the mountains of the passages." They were in the land of Moab, opposite Jericho. Compare Num_27:12; Num_33:47-48; Deu_3:27. Dr. Tristram verified the observation of the landscape from Nebo, as seen by Moses according to the Scripture record. There is one isolated cone commanding a view of the valley where Israel's battle was fought with Amalek, which may be the Pisgah of holy writ.
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.


Ab'arim. (regions beyond). A mountain or range of highlands on the east of the Jordan, in the land of Moab, facing Jericho, and forming the eastern wall of the Jordan valley at that part. Its most elevated spot was "the Mount Nebo, 'head' of 'the' Pisgah," from which Moses viewed the Promised Land before his death. These mountains are mentioned in Num_27:12; Num_33:47-48; Deu_32:49.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863


Bordering the Jordan River on its eastern side was a region that in the south was commonly known as the Plains of Moab. Within this region was a mountainous area known as Abarim, which contained the prominent peak, Mt Nebo. Israel camped on the Plains of Moab while making final preparations to cross Jordan and conquer Canaan. From Mt Nebo Moses viewed the land on the other side of the river before he died (Num_33:47-48; Deu_32:49; Deu_34:1; Deu_34:7).
Bridgeway Bible Dictionary by Don Fleming
PRINTER 1990.


ab?a-rim, a-bā?rim (עברים, ‛ăbhārı̄m): The stem idea is that of going across a space or a dividing line, or for example a river. It is the same stem that appears in the familiar phrase ?beyond Jordan,? used to denote the region east of the Jordan, and Hellenized in the name Peraea. This fact affords the most natural explanation of the phrases 'the mountains of the Abarim' (Num_33:47, Num_33:48); 'this mountain-country of the Abarim' (Num_27:12; Deu_32:49); Iye-abarim, which means ?Heaps of the Abarim,? or ?Mounds of the Abarim? (Num_21:11; Num_33:44). In Num_33:45 this station is called simply Iyim, ?Mounds.? It is to be distinguished from the place of the same name in southern Judah (Jos_15:29). The name Abarim, without the article, occurs in Jer (Num_22:20 the Revised Version (British and American), where the King James Version translates ?the passages?), where it seems to be the name of a region, on the same footing with the names Lebanon and Bashan, doubtless the region referred to in Nu and Deuteronomy. There is no reason for changing the vowels in Eze_39:11, in order to make that another occurrence of the same name.
When the people of Abraham lived in Canaan, before they went to Egypt to sojourn, they spoke of the region east of the Jordan as ?beyond Jordan.? Looking across the Jordan and the Dead Sea they designated the mountain country they saw there as ?the Beyond mountains.? They continued to use these geographical terms when they came out of Egypt. We have no means of knowing to how extensive a region they applied the name. The passages speak of the mountain country of Abarim where Moses died, including Nebo, as situated back from the river Jordan in its lowest reaches; and of the Mounds of the Abarim as farther to the southeast, so that the Israelites passed them when making their detour around the agricultural parts of Edom, before they crossed the Arnon. Whether the name Abarim should be applied to the parts of the eastern hill country farther to the north is a question on which we lack evidence.
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.


Ab?arim, a mountain, or rather chain of mountains, which form or belong to the mountainous district east of the Dead Sea and the lower Jordan. It presents many distinct masses and elevations, commanding extensive views of the country west of the river. From one of the highest of these, called Mount Nebo, Moses surveyed the Promised Land before he died. From the manner in which the names Abarim, Nebo, and Pisgah are connected (Deu_32:49, 'Get thee up into this mountain Abarim, unto Mount Nebo;' and Deu_34:1, 'Unto the mountain of Nebo, to the top of Pisgah'), it would seem that Nebo was a mountain of the Abarim chain, and that Pisgah was the highest and most commanding peak of that mountain. The loftiest mountain of the neighborhood is Mount Attarus, about ten miles north of the Arnon; and travelers have been disposed to identify it with Mount Nebo. It is represented as barren, its summit being marked by a wild pistachio-tree overshadowing a heap of stones.
The Popular Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature
by John Kitto.


Abarim
(Heb. Abarim', עֲבַָרַים, regions beyond, i.e. east of the Jordan; Sept. ‘Αβαρίμ, but τὸ πέραν in Num_27:12, Vulg. Abarim; in Jer_22:20, Sept. τὸ πέραν τῆς θαλάσσης, Vulg. transeuntes, Auth. Vers. “passages”), a mountain (הִד הָעֵבָרַים, Num_27:12; Deu_32:49), or rather chain of hills (הָעֲבָרַים הָדֵי, Num_33:47-48), which form or belong to the mountainous district east of the Dead Sea and the lower Jordan, being situated in the land of Moab (Num_21:11), on the route to Palestine (Num_27:12). It was the last station but one of the Hebrews on their way from Egypt to Canaan (Num_33:47-48). SEE IJE-ABARIM. The range presents many distinct masses and elevations, commanding extensive views of the country west of the river (Irby and Mangles, p. 459). From one of the highest of these, called Mount Nebo, Moses surveyed the Promised Land before he died (Deu_32:49). From the manner in which thenames Abarim, Nebo, and Pisgah are connected (Deu_32:49; Deu_34:1), it would seem that they were different names of the same general mountain chain. SEE NEBO. According to Josephus, who styles it Abaris (‘Αβαρ]ς, Ant. 4:8, 48), it was “a very high mountain, situated opposite Jericho,” and Eusebius (Onomast. Ναβαà) locates it six miles west of Heshbon. The name Abarim has been tortured by some disciples of the Faber and Bryant school of etymologists into a connection with the name of a district of Egypt called Abaris or Avaris (Josephus, Apn, 1:14), and so with the system of Egyptian idolatry, from the deity of the same name. Affinities between the names of two of the peaks of this range, Nebo and Peor, have also been traced with those of other Egyptian deities, Anubis and Horis. There is no good foundation for such speculations.

CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.





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